tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clin Infect Dis
. 2025 Feb 26:ciaf026.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf026. Online ahead of print. Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021-2023
Ayla Bullock[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alexandra F Dalton[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Melissa S Stockwell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Son H McLaren[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ellen Sano[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Huong Q Nguyen[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Suchitra Rao[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Edwin Asturias[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Karen Lutrick[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Katherine D Ellingson[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yvonne Maldonado[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Alexandra M Mellis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 10 [/SUP], H Keipp Talbot[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Melissa A R Rolfes[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jessica E Biddle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuwei Zhu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Karla Ledezma[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kathleen Pryor[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ana Valdez de Romero[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Celibell Vargas[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joshua G Petrie[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Michelle Floris-Moore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalie Bowman[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The prevalence and risk factors for ongoing symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [SCV2]) or influenza infection are not well characterized. We conducted a prospective cohort study of households wherein ≥1 individual was infected with SCV2 or influenza to evaluate prevalence of and factors associated with ongoing symptoms at 90 days.
Methods: Index cases and their household contacts provided baseline health and sociodemographic information and collected daily respiratory specimens for 10 days following enrollment. Participants completed a follow-up survey 90 days after enrollment to characterize ongoing symptoms.
Results: We analyzed 1967 participants enrolled between December 2021 and May 2023. The risk of ongoing symptoms did not differ by infection status in SCV2 (SCV2-positive: 15.6%; SCV2-negative: 13.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% CI: .7-1.69) or influenza (influenza-positive: 8.8%; influenza-negative: 10.0%; OR: .87; 95% CI: .45-1.72) households. However, among study participants with a documented infection, SCV2-positive participants had nearly twice the odds of ongoing symptoms as influenza-positive participants (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.27-2.97).
Conclusions: These results suggest that SCV2 households have a significantly higher prevalence of ongoing symptoms compared with influenza households (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.28-2.47). Among participants with SCV2 infection, underlying conditions (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.80-3.90) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like symptoms (aOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.15-7.43) during acute infection increased odds of ongoing symptoms at 90 days, whereas hybrid immunity reduced the odds of ongoing symptoms (aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: .22-.90).
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hybrid immunity; influenza; long COVID; post-viral symptoms.
. 2025 Feb 26:ciaf026.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf026. Online ahead of print. Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021-2023
Ayla Bullock[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alexandra F Dalton[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Melissa S Stockwell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Son H McLaren[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ellen Sano[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Huong Q Nguyen[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Suchitra Rao[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Edwin Asturias[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Karen Lutrick[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Katherine D Ellingson[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yvonne Maldonado[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Alexandra M Mellis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 10 [/SUP], H Keipp Talbot[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Melissa A R Rolfes[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jessica E Biddle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuwei Zhu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Karla Ledezma[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kathleen Pryor[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ana Valdez de Romero[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Celibell Vargas[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joshua G Petrie[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Michelle Floris-Moore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalie Bowman[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40036243
- DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaf026
Background: The prevalence and risk factors for ongoing symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [SCV2]) or influenza infection are not well characterized. We conducted a prospective cohort study of households wherein ≥1 individual was infected with SCV2 or influenza to evaluate prevalence of and factors associated with ongoing symptoms at 90 days.
Methods: Index cases and their household contacts provided baseline health and sociodemographic information and collected daily respiratory specimens for 10 days following enrollment. Participants completed a follow-up survey 90 days after enrollment to characterize ongoing symptoms.
Results: We analyzed 1967 participants enrolled between December 2021 and May 2023. The risk of ongoing symptoms did not differ by infection status in SCV2 (SCV2-positive: 15.6%; SCV2-negative: 13.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% CI: .7-1.69) or influenza (influenza-positive: 8.8%; influenza-negative: 10.0%; OR: .87; 95% CI: .45-1.72) households. However, among study participants with a documented infection, SCV2-positive participants had nearly twice the odds of ongoing symptoms as influenza-positive participants (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.27-2.97).
Conclusions: These results suggest that SCV2 households have a significantly higher prevalence of ongoing symptoms compared with influenza households (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.28-2.47). Among participants with SCV2 infection, underlying conditions (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.80-3.90) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like symptoms (aOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.15-7.43) during acute infection increased odds of ongoing symptoms at 90 days, whereas hybrid immunity reduced the odds of ongoing symptoms (aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: .22-.90).
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hybrid immunity; influenza; long COVID; post-viral symptoms.