Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Journal, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season: protection against each circulating virus and the effect of prior vaccination on estimates
Suzanne E. Ohmit 1, Mark G. Thompson 2, Joshua G. Petrie 1, Swathi N. Thaker 2, Michael L. Jackson 3, Edward A. Belongia 4, Richard K. Zimmerman 5, Manjusha Gaglani 6, Lois Lamerato 7, Sarah M. Spencer 2, Lisa Jackson 3, Jennifer K. Meece 4, Mary Patricia Nowalk 5, Juhee Song 6, Marcus Zervos 7, Po-Yung Cheng 2, Charles R. Rinaldo 8, Lydia Clipper 9, David K. Shay 2, Pedro Piedra 10, and Arnold S. Monto 1
Author Affiliations: <SUP>1</SUP>University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA <SUP>2</SUP>Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA <SUP>3</SUP>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle Washington, USA <SUP>4</SUP>Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield Wisconsin, USA <SUP>5</SUP>University of Pittsburgh, Department of Family Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA <SUP>6</SUP>Scott and White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple Texas, USA <SUP>7</SUP>Henry Ford Health System, Detroit Michigan, USA <SUP>8</SUP>University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA <SUP>9</SUP>Scott and White Healthcare, Temple Texas, USA <SUP>10</SUP>Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA
Corresponding Author: Suzanne E. Ohmit, DrPH, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor MI 48109, Email: sohmit@umich.edu, Phone: 734-763-6422.
Alternate corresponding author: Arnold S. Monto, MD, same address, Email: asmonto@umich.edu, Phone: 734-763-5453.
Abstract
Background.
Each year, the US Flu VE Network examines the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing medically-attended acute respiratory illnesses caused by influenza.
Methods.
Patients with acute respiratory illnesses of <7 days duration were enrolled at ambulatory care facilities in five communities. Specimens were collected and tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Receipt of influenza vaccine was defined based on documented evidence of vaccination in medical records or immunization registries. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated in adjusted logistic regression models by comparing the vaccination coverage in those who tested positive for influenza with those who tested negative.
Results.
The 2011-2012 season was mild and peaked late, with circulation of both type A viruses and both lineages of type B. Overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36 to 56) in preventing medically-attended influenza; vaccine effectiveness was 65% (95% CI, 44 to 79) against type A (H1N1) pdm09, but only 39% (95% CI, 23 to 52) against type A (H3N2). Estimates of vaccine effectiveness against both type B lineages were similar (overall 58%, 95% CI, 35 to 73). An apparent negative effect of prior year vaccination on current year effectiveness estimates was noted, particularly for A (H3N2) outcomes.
Conclusions.
Vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season was modest overall, with lower effectiveness against the predominant A (H3N2) virus. This may be related to modest antigenic drift, but past history of vaccination might also play a role.
Received July 11, 2013. Accepted August 16, 2013.
? The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season: protection against each circulating virus and the effect of prior vaccination on estimates
Suzanne E. Ohmit 1, Mark G. Thompson 2, Joshua G. Petrie 1, Swathi N. Thaker 2, Michael L. Jackson 3, Edward A. Belongia 4, Richard K. Zimmerman 5, Manjusha Gaglani 6, Lois Lamerato 7, Sarah M. Spencer 2, Lisa Jackson 3, Jennifer K. Meece 4, Mary Patricia Nowalk 5, Juhee Song 6, Marcus Zervos 7, Po-Yung Cheng 2, Charles R. Rinaldo 8, Lydia Clipper 9, David K. Shay 2, Pedro Piedra 10, and Arnold S. Monto 1
Author Affiliations: <SUP>1</SUP>University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA <SUP>2</SUP>Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, USA <SUP>3</SUP>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle Washington, USA <SUP>4</SUP>Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield Wisconsin, USA <SUP>5</SUP>University of Pittsburgh, Department of Family Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA <SUP>6</SUP>Scott and White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple Texas, USA <SUP>7</SUP>Henry Ford Health System, Detroit Michigan, USA <SUP>8</SUP>University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA <SUP>9</SUP>Scott and White Healthcare, Temple Texas, USA <SUP>10</SUP>Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA
Corresponding Author: Suzanne E. Ohmit, DrPH, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor MI 48109, Email: sohmit@umich.edu, Phone: 734-763-6422.
Alternate corresponding author: Arnold S. Monto, MD, same address, Email: asmonto@umich.edu, Phone: 734-763-5453.
Abstract
Background.
Each year, the US Flu VE Network examines the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing medically-attended acute respiratory illnesses caused by influenza.
Methods.
Patients with acute respiratory illnesses of <7 days duration were enrolled at ambulatory care facilities in five communities. Specimens were collected and tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Receipt of influenza vaccine was defined based on documented evidence of vaccination in medical records or immunization registries. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated in adjusted logistic regression models by comparing the vaccination coverage in those who tested positive for influenza with those who tested negative.
Results.
The 2011-2012 season was mild and peaked late, with circulation of both type A viruses and both lineages of type B. Overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36 to 56) in preventing medically-attended influenza; vaccine effectiveness was 65% (95% CI, 44 to 79) against type A (H1N1) pdm09, but only 39% (95% CI, 23 to 52) against type A (H3N2). Estimates of vaccine effectiveness against both type B lineages were similar (overall 58%, 95% CI, 35 to 73). An apparent negative effect of prior year vaccination on current year effectiveness estimates was noted, particularly for A (H3N2) outcomes.
Conclusions.
Vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season was modest overall, with lower effectiveness against the predominant A (H3N2) virus. This may be related to modest antigenic drift, but past history of vaccination might also play a role.
Received July 11, 2013. Accepted August 16, 2013.
? The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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