Shiloh
Editor, Senior Moderator
Source: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/05/stewardship-resistance-scan-may-31-2019
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for May 31, 2019
Superbugs and close contacts; Rapid susceptibility test
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Diagnostics
[h=3]Study finds variation in superbug colonization tied to close interactions[/h] Close human interaction was highly associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) but less so with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in a nursing home setting, according to a study by French researchers yesterday in PLOS Computational Biology.
In the unique study, the investigators traced possible transmission paths among 329 patients and 263 healthcare workers at a long-term care facility by having them wear sensors. The sensors tracked interactions with patients and hospital staff at closer than 1.5 meters (about 5 feet) every 30 seconds for 4 months. The scientists also swabbed patients weekly to detect carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, they used mathematical modeling to assess the effect of several infection-control measures.
The authors found that close interactions were tied to ESBL-KP in 16 of 20 patients (80%), compared with only 54% (19 of 35 patients) for ESBL-EC. Their modeling analysis demonstrated that prevention measures such as increased hand hygiene might reduce the risk. They write that their results are consistent with previous studies investigating the role of patient-to-patient transmission in the spread of Enterobacteriaceae.
The investigators conclude that the findings suggest that contact-prevention strategies?primarily hand hygiene?might help limit transmission of ESBL-KP, but additional steps, such as environmental decontamination or using antibiotics more appropriately, may be necessary to prevent the spread of ESBL-EC.
May 30 PLOS Comput Biol study
[h=3]Researchers develop highly sensitive rapid susceptibility test[/h] Using optics, Dallas researchers have developed a rapid ultrasensitive detection platform for antimicrobial susceptibility testing that might be especially useful when only a few bacterial or fungal cells are available for analyzing, according to their results, published yesterday in PLOS Biology.
The researchers, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, call their novel platform rapid ultrasensitive detector (RUSD), and it uses the reflective properties of light as it travels from low- to high-refractive-index media to help measure antimicrobial susceptibility. "RUSD leverages a principle that does not require complex manufacturing, labeling, or processing steps," the scientists write.
The platform can measure susceptibility in as few as 20 bacterial cells or a single fungal cell in the detection volume, which is nearly 10,000 times more sensitive than standard optical density methods. RUSD can measure minimum inhibitory concentrations of commonly used antibiotics against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, within 2 to 4 hours.
Although the test will require validation, the authors conclude, "We anticipate that the RUSD system will be particularly useful for the cases in which antibiotic susceptibility tests have to be done with a limited number of bacterial cells that are available. Its compatibility with standard antibiotic susceptibility tests, simplicity, and low cost can make RUSD a viable and rapidly deployed diagnostic tool."
May 30 PLOS Biol study
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for May 31, 2019
Superbugs and close contacts; Rapid susceptibility test
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Diagnostics
[h=3]Study finds variation in superbug colonization tied to close interactions[/h] Close human interaction was highly associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) but less so with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in a nursing home setting, according to a study by French researchers yesterday in PLOS Computational Biology.
In the unique study, the investigators traced possible transmission paths among 329 patients and 263 healthcare workers at a long-term care facility by having them wear sensors. The sensors tracked interactions with patients and hospital staff at closer than 1.5 meters (about 5 feet) every 30 seconds for 4 months. The scientists also swabbed patients weekly to detect carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, they used mathematical modeling to assess the effect of several infection-control measures.
The authors found that close interactions were tied to ESBL-KP in 16 of 20 patients (80%), compared with only 54% (19 of 35 patients) for ESBL-EC. Their modeling analysis demonstrated that prevention measures such as increased hand hygiene might reduce the risk. They write that their results are consistent with previous studies investigating the role of patient-to-patient transmission in the spread of Enterobacteriaceae.
The investigators conclude that the findings suggest that contact-prevention strategies?primarily hand hygiene?might help limit transmission of ESBL-KP, but additional steps, such as environmental decontamination or using antibiotics more appropriately, may be necessary to prevent the spread of ESBL-EC.
May 30 PLOS Comput Biol study
[h=3]Researchers develop highly sensitive rapid susceptibility test[/h] Using optics, Dallas researchers have developed a rapid ultrasensitive detection platform for antimicrobial susceptibility testing that might be especially useful when only a few bacterial or fungal cells are available for analyzing, according to their results, published yesterday in PLOS Biology.
The researchers, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, call their novel platform rapid ultrasensitive detector (RUSD), and it uses the reflective properties of light as it travels from low- to high-refractive-index media to help measure antimicrobial susceptibility. "RUSD leverages a principle that does not require complex manufacturing, labeling, or processing steps," the scientists write.
The platform can measure susceptibility in as few as 20 bacterial cells or a single fungal cell in the detection volume, which is nearly 10,000 times more sensitive than standard optical density methods. RUSD can measure minimum inhibitory concentrations of commonly used antibiotics against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, within 2 to 4 hours.
Although the test will require validation, the authors conclude, "We anticipate that the RUSD system will be particularly useful for the cases in which antibiotic susceptibility tests have to be done with a limited number of bacterial cells that are available. Its compatibility with standard antibiotic susceptibility tests, simplicity, and low cost can make RUSD a viable and rapidly deployed diagnostic tool."
May 30 PLOS Biol study