sharon sanders
Editor-in-Chief & President
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/09/stewardship-resistance-scan-sep-19-2019
[h=1]Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Sep 19, 2019[/h] [FONT="] Antibiotic resistance in pork chops
; XDR Salmonella in DRC
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship
; Salmonella
[h=3]USDA study finds resistance levels aren't lower in antibiotic-free pork[/h] A new study by scientists from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has found similar levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pork chops from pigs raised without antibiotics and those raised conventionally.
For the study, published yesterday in the Journal of Food Protection, USDA researchers cultured bacteria from 372 pork chop samples from three food service suppliers that obtained their products from multiple harvesting facilities. Of the 372 samples, 190 came from conventional production systems and 180 came from "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) production systems. They focused on AMR in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, they evaluated DNA from the samples for the presence of 10 AMR genes.
The results of the analysis showed that levels of eight types of resistant bacteria in the conventional and RWA samples?tetracycline-resistant E coli, Salmonella, and Enterococcus; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E coli and Salmonella; nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella; erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus; and methicillin-resistant S aureus?were similar regardless of the antibiotic use claims. The prevalence of AMR genes were also similar. Overall, the populations of AMR bacteria in the samples were a small fraction of the aerobic bacterial population.
The authors of the study, who noted similar findings in conventionally raised and RWA ground beef last year, say that because the samples came from only three suppliers, they can't extrapolate the findings to the entire US retail pork supply. They also note that the findings do not conflict with reports that antibiotic use during swine production increases the presence of AMR bacteria in pig feces.
They conclude, however, that the study provides new evidence that antibiotic use in US swine production does not significantly increase the presence of AMR bacteria in pork products.
Sep 18 J Food Prot abstract
Nov 28, 2018, CIDRAP News story "Study finds resistance levels not lower in antibiotic-free burger meat"
[h=3]Scientists outline XDR Salmonella Typhimurium in DR Congo[/h] As if the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)?which has been wracked by outbreaks of Ebola, measles, polio, and other diseases?didn't have enough public health crises, researchers today highlighted another serious concern: a strain of highly resistant Salmonella.
Writing in Nature Communications, the team described how they used whole-genome sequencing to analyze 81 blood samples containing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium?a common cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa?that were collected from 2008 to 2016. The scientists found that 54 of these isolates demonstrated resistance to azithromycin and compared them with 27 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates susceptible to the antibiotic.
They found that all 54 resistant isolates were also extended-spectrum beta-lactamase?positive, and 51 were also multidrug-resistant (MDR) and could therefore be classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). These XDR isolates belonged to the ST313 sublineage II.1. They also demonstrate resistance to ceftriaxone, which, in addition to azithromycin, is the typical alternative antibiotic used to combat MDR Salmonella, so the only treatment available in the DRC are fluoroquinolones, the authors write.
They also note, "Whole genome sequencing reveals that ST313 II.1 isolates have accumulated genetic signatures potentially associated with altered pathogenicity and host adaptation, related to changes observed in biofilm formation and metabolic capacity." They say the sublineage may have emerged in the country around 2004.
Sep 19 Nat Commun study
[/FONT]
[h=1]Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Sep 19, 2019[/h] [FONT="] Antibiotic resistance in pork chops
; XDR Salmonella in DRC
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship
; Salmonella
[h=3]USDA study finds resistance levels aren't lower in antibiotic-free pork[/h] A new study by scientists from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has found similar levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pork chops from pigs raised without antibiotics and those raised conventionally.
For the study, published yesterday in the Journal of Food Protection, USDA researchers cultured bacteria from 372 pork chop samples from three food service suppliers that obtained their products from multiple harvesting facilities. Of the 372 samples, 190 came from conventional production systems and 180 came from "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) production systems. They focused on AMR in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, they evaluated DNA from the samples for the presence of 10 AMR genes.
The results of the analysis showed that levels of eight types of resistant bacteria in the conventional and RWA samples?tetracycline-resistant E coli, Salmonella, and Enterococcus; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E coli and Salmonella; nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella; erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus; and methicillin-resistant S aureus?were similar regardless of the antibiotic use claims. The prevalence of AMR genes were also similar. Overall, the populations of AMR bacteria in the samples were a small fraction of the aerobic bacterial population.
The authors of the study, who noted similar findings in conventionally raised and RWA ground beef last year, say that because the samples came from only three suppliers, they can't extrapolate the findings to the entire US retail pork supply. They also note that the findings do not conflict with reports that antibiotic use during swine production increases the presence of AMR bacteria in pig feces.
They conclude, however, that the study provides new evidence that antibiotic use in US swine production does not significantly increase the presence of AMR bacteria in pork products.
Sep 18 J Food Prot abstract
Nov 28, 2018, CIDRAP News story "Study finds resistance levels not lower in antibiotic-free burger meat"
[h=3]Scientists outline XDR Salmonella Typhimurium in DR Congo[/h] As if the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)?which has been wracked by outbreaks of Ebola, measles, polio, and other diseases?didn't have enough public health crises, researchers today highlighted another serious concern: a strain of highly resistant Salmonella.
Writing in Nature Communications, the team described how they used whole-genome sequencing to analyze 81 blood samples containing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium?a common cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa?that were collected from 2008 to 2016. The scientists found that 54 of these isolates demonstrated resistance to azithromycin and compared them with 27 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates susceptible to the antibiotic.
They found that all 54 resistant isolates were also extended-spectrum beta-lactamase?positive, and 51 were also multidrug-resistant (MDR) and could therefore be classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). These XDR isolates belonged to the ST313 sublineage II.1. They also demonstrate resistance to ceftriaxone, which, in addition to azithromycin, is the typical alternative antibiotic used to combat MDR Salmonella, so the only treatment available in the DRC are fluoroquinolones, the authors write.
They also note, "Whole genome sequencing reveals that ST313 II.1 isolates have accumulated genetic signatures potentially associated with altered pathogenicity and host adaptation, related to changes observed in biofilm formation and metabolic capacity." They say the sublineage may have emerged in the country around 2004.
Sep 19 Nat Commun study
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