https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2022/05/stewardship-resistance-scan-may-27-2022
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for May 27, 2022
Food industry AMR projects;
Resistant E coli in chickens, humans
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship
USDA food institute funds 9 projects to combat antibiotic resistance
Yesterday the US Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA) announced an investment of more than $5 million, spread across nine projects, to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the food chain.
The $5,117,165 investment is part of NIFA's Agriculture and Food Research Initiative's Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance across the Food Chain grant program, which supports integrated research, education, and extension projects, NIFA said in a news release. Research approaches include risk assessment, antibiotic management and stewardship, advancing understanding of emerging resistant pathogens and their mechanisms for resistance, and disease control using antimicrobial alternatives.
Funded projects include University of Florida scientists studying the effects of spraying fruit trees with antibiotics to prevent or treat citrus greening disease, Iowa State researchers modeling the movement of bacteria through different environments such as surface water, and Ohio State investigators studying the movement of auctioned calves through the market to better understand how antimicrobial drugs are used to prevent and treat disease.
"Pathogen resistance to antimicrobials is a complex problem, encompassing human medicine, poultry and livestock health, and even plant crop production," said Acting NIFA Director Dr. Dionne Toombs, PhD. "The projects supported through this investment will work to ensure a safe, nutritious and abundant food supply while conserving antimicrobial effectiveness."
NIFA says the nine projects will help strengthen the USDA's overall efforts to protect public health through agricultural research that addresses AMR.
May 26 USDA NIFA news release
Study suggests links between resistant E coli in chickens and people
A study conducted on farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam suggests antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli from chickens and in-contact humans is driven by antimicrobial use and potential cross-species transmission, researchers reported in JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance.
For the study, a team of researchers from Vietnam and the United Kingdom collected data on antimicrobial use (AMU) and fecal swabs from humans and chickens on 237 small-scale farms in the Mekong Delta. The researchers isolated E coli strains from 426 human and 237 chicken samples, tested their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials, and investigated the associated between AMU on the farms and AMR levels. They also examined the degree of similarity in AMR patterns between human and chicken E coli isolates from the same farms compared with isolates from different farms.
Bases on structured One Health questionnaires filled out by the participants, the researchers estimated that 13.8% had used antimicrobials over the past 90 days, and that antimicrobials had been administered to 114 of 237 chicken flocks (48.1%). Overall, the AMU rate in chickens (299.1 per 1,000 chicken-days) was 19 times higher than the AMU rate in humans (15.1 per 1,000 person-days). Among the tested isolates, 311 (80.8%) from humans and 195 (82.3%) from chickens were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Chicken isolates displayed a higher prevalence of multidrug resistance (63.3%) compared with human isolates (55.1%).
Using logistic regression modeling, the researchers found that AMU significantly increased the probability of resistance in E coli isolates from humans (odds ratios [ORs] of 2.1 to 5.3) and chickens (ORs from 1.9 to 4.8). E coli from humans and chickens living on same farms had a higher degree of similarity in their AMR patterns than isolates from humans and chickens living on different farms. Notably, there was a suggestion of a higher probability of the co-existence of colistin-resistant E coli in humans and chickens if they lived on the same farm.
"In conclusion, using a One Health survey design that involved co-sampling of humans and chickens from same farms and integrated AMU and AMR data, we were able to demonstrate correlation between AMU and AMR, as well as potential interspecies transmission of certain resistance phenotypes," the authors concluded.
May 27 JAC-Antimicrob Resist study
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for May 27, 2022
Food industry AMR projects;
Resistant E coli in chickens, humans
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship
USDA food institute funds 9 projects to combat antibiotic resistance
Yesterday the US Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA) announced an investment of more than $5 million, spread across nine projects, to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the food chain.
The $5,117,165 investment is part of NIFA's Agriculture and Food Research Initiative's Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance across the Food Chain grant program, which supports integrated research, education, and extension projects, NIFA said in a news release. Research approaches include risk assessment, antibiotic management and stewardship, advancing understanding of emerging resistant pathogens and their mechanisms for resistance, and disease control using antimicrobial alternatives.
Funded projects include University of Florida scientists studying the effects of spraying fruit trees with antibiotics to prevent or treat citrus greening disease, Iowa State researchers modeling the movement of bacteria through different environments such as surface water, and Ohio State investigators studying the movement of auctioned calves through the market to better understand how antimicrobial drugs are used to prevent and treat disease.
"Pathogen resistance to antimicrobials is a complex problem, encompassing human medicine, poultry and livestock health, and even plant crop production," said Acting NIFA Director Dr. Dionne Toombs, PhD. "The projects supported through this investment will work to ensure a safe, nutritious and abundant food supply while conserving antimicrobial effectiveness."
NIFA says the nine projects will help strengthen the USDA's overall efforts to protect public health through agricultural research that addresses AMR.
May 26 USDA NIFA news release
Study suggests links between resistant E coli in chickens and people
A study conducted on farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam suggests antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli from chickens and in-contact humans is driven by antimicrobial use and potential cross-species transmission, researchers reported in JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance.
For the study, a team of researchers from Vietnam and the United Kingdom collected data on antimicrobial use (AMU) and fecal swabs from humans and chickens on 237 small-scale farms in the Mekong Delta. The researchers isolated E coli strains from 426 human and 237 chicken samples, tested their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials, and investigated the associated between AMU on the farms and AMR levels. They also examined the degree of similarity in AMR patterns between human and chicken E coli isolates from the same farms compared with isolates from different farms.
Bases on structured One Health questionnaires filled out by the participants, the researchers estimated that 13.8% had used antimicrobials over the past 90 days, and that antimicrobials had been administered to 114 of 237 chicken flocks (48.1%). Overall, the AMU rate in chickens (299.1 per 1,000 chicken-days) was 19 times higher than the AMU rate in humans (15.1 per 1,000 person-days). Among the tested isolates, 311 (80.8%) from humans and 195 (82.3%) from chickens were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Chicken isolates displayed a higher prevalence of multidrug resistance (63.3%) compared with human isolates (55.1%).
Using logistic regression modeling, the researchers found that AMU significantly increased the probability of resistance in E coli isolates from humans (odds ratios [ORs] of 2.1 to 5.3) and chickens (ORs from 1.9 to 4.8). E coli from humans and chickens living on same farms had a higher degree of similarity in their AMR patterns than isolates from humans and chickens living on different farms. Notably, there was a suggestion of a higher probability of the co-existence of colistin-resistant E coli in humans and chickens if they lived on the same farm.
"In conclusion, using a One Health survey design that involved co-sampling of humans and chickens from same farms and integrated AMU and AMR data, we were able to demonstrate correlation between AMU and AMR, as well as potential interspecies transmission of certain resistance phenotypes," the authors concluded.
May 27 JAC-Antimicrob Resist study