Shiloh
Editor, Senior Moderator
News Scan for Feb 13, 2014
HPV vaccine and genital warts; Drug-resistant Shigella
Filed Under:
Shigella; Human Papillomavirus (HPV); Antimicrobial Resistance; Misc Emerging Topics
Study: 2 HPV doses protect against genital warts, but 3 better
Two doses of quadrivalent (four-strain) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provide good protection against genital warts (condylomata), but three doses are better, according to a large Swedish study published yesterday in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
Current US recommendations call for three shots of HPV vaccine over 6 months. Two vaccines are approved for use in the United States: the two-strain Cervarix, which protects against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most cervical cancer, and the four-strain Gardasil, which also protects against types 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts in females and males, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The researchers in the current study, from the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, analyzed data from all girls and women 10 to 24 years old in Sweden from 2006 to 2010?1,045,165 in all. The authors studied the occurrence of genital warts because "condyloma related to HPV types 6 and 11 . . . represents the earliest measurable preventable disease outcome for the HPV vaccine," they write.
The team noted 20,383 cases of genital warts during the study period, including 322 cases after receipt of at least one vaccine dose.
For girls 10 to 16 at first vaccination, three quadrivalent vaccine doses were associated with a genital wart incident rate ratio of 0.18, compared with 0.29 for two doses and 0.31 for one dose. A three-dose vaccine regimen was projected to prevent 459 condylomata cases per 100,000 person-years, compared with 400 for two doses.
"When it comes to the vaccine's ability to protect against genital warts in girls between 10 and 16 years of age, we can see that two doses provide good protection, up to 71%, but that three doses is better, up to 82%," said lead author Lisen Arnheim Dahlstrom, PhD, of Karolinska Institutet in a Karolinska news release.
"Our results suggest that we should continue with the recommended three doses, but open up for a future two-dose schedule after more studies have been conducted," she added.
Feb 12 JAMA study
Feb 11 Karolinska Institutet news release
CDC: MSM may be at higher risk of resistant Shigella
Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially if they have HIV, may be at increased risk of infection with Shigella that has decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (DSA-Shigella), according to a CDC report on all known DSA-Shigella cases today in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
Azithromycin, the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in the United States, is recommended for both children and adults for multidrug-resistant Shigella, the CDC said in the report.
Among 55 patients from 17 states infected with DSA-Shigella that the CDC identified, ages ranged from 1 to 89 years (median: 42 years), 80% were men, and seven (13%) were children. All but one patient lived in an urban area, and only one child and none of 29 adults for whom information was available reported international travel. Four patients were part of an outbreak.
Of those with available information, 13 of 16 men (81%) were HIV-positive, and 11 of 14 (79%) identified as MSM. Four men reported recent high-risk sexual practices, and five had a history of syphilis.
Feb 14 MMWR report
HPV vaccine and genital warts; Drug-resistant Shigella
Filed Under:
Shigella; Human Papillomavirus (HPV); Antimicrobial Resistance; Misc Emerging Topics
Study: 2 HPV doses protect against genital warts, but 3 better
Two doses of quadrivalent (four-strain) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provide good protection against genital warts (condylomata), but three doses are better, according to a large Swedish study published yesterday in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
Current US recommendations call for three shots of HPV vaccine over 6 months. Two vaccines are approved for use in the United States: the two-strain Cervarix, which protects against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most cervical cancer, and the four-strain Gardasil, which also protects against types 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts in females and males, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The researchers in the current study, from the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, analyzed data from all girls and women 10 to 24 years old in Sweden from 2006 to 2010?1,045,165 in all. The authors studied the occurrence of genital warts because "condyloma related to HPV types 6 and 11 . . . represents the earliest measurable preventable disease outcome for the HPV vaccine," they write.
The team noted 20,383 cases of genital warts during the study period, including 322 cases after receipt of at least one vaccine dose.
For girls 10 to 16 at first vaccination, three quadrivalent vaccine doses were associated with a genital wart incident rate ratio of 0.18, compared with 0.29 for two doses and 0.31 for one dose. A three-dose vaccine regimen was projected to prevent 459 condylomata cases per 100,000 person-years, compared with 400 for two doses.
"When it comes to the vaccine's ability to protect against genital warts in girls between 10 and 16 years of age, we can see that two doses provide good protection, up to 71%, but that three doses is better, up to 82%," said lead author Lisen Arnheim Dahlstrom, PhD, of Karolinska Institutet in a Karolinska news release.
"Our results suggest that we should continue with the recommended three doses, but open up for a future two-dose schedule after more studies have been conducted," she added.
Feb 12 JAMA study
Feb 11 Karolinska Institutet news release
CDC: MSM may be at higher risk of resistant Shigella
Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially if they have HIV, may be at increased risk of infection with Shigella that has decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (DSA-Shigella), according to a CDC report on all known DSA-Shigella cases today in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
Azithromycin, the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in the United States, is recommended for both children and adults for multidrug-resistant Shigella, the CDC said in the report.
Among 55 patients from 17 states infected with DSA-Shigella that the CDC identified, ages ranged from 1 to 89 years (median: 42 years), 80% were men, and seven (13%) were children. All but one patient lived in an urban area, and only one child and none of 29 adults for whom information was available reported international travel. Four patients were part of an outbreak.
Of those with available information, 13 of 16 men (81%) were HIV-positive, and 11 of 14 (79%) identified as MSM. Four men reported recent high-risk sexual practices, and five had a history of syphilis.
Feb 14 MMWR report