https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2022/10/covid-19-scan-oct-31-2022
COVID-19 Scan for Oct 31, 2022
State COVID vaccine mandates;
Vaccine side effects after previous COVID-19
Filed Under:
COVID-19
First-dose COVID vaccine coverage was higher in states with mandates
First-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake was higher in US states with worker vaccine mandates, suggesting that the requirements may have motivated even residents not covered to comply, concludes a study published late last week in JAMA Health Forum.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers compared first-dose COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 12 states and Washington, DC, with vaccine mandates and no test-out option with that in 14 states that didn't require them or that offered a test-out option. The study period included the 8 weeks before and after the mandates were announced from Jul 26 to Dec 31, 2021.
An estimated 11.5% of 5,508,539 first-dose vaccine administrations were tied to the announcements. Vaccine receipt began to rise in the 13 jurisdictions with mandates 3 weeks after the announcement, with statistically significant increases of 0.20, 0.33, 0.39, 0.45, 0.49, and 0.59 percentage points in weeks 3 through 8, respectively, over the 62.9% coverage in the 14 comparison states.
While increases in vaccine primary series completion occurred 5 to 8 weeks post-announcement, a statistically significant difference of 56.3% between states with and without mandates was noted only at 7 and 8 weeks (difference, 0.2 percentage points).
The study authors noted that some states began mandating that certain groups of workers be vaccinated after the US Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel said on July 26, 2021, that public and private employers could require vaccination.
By Dec 31, 2021, 24 jurisdictions had mandated that at least one group of workers (eg, healthcare, long-term care, education, congregate care, the government) get vaccinated. By February 2022, the Supreme Court had declined to hear at least three challenges to the mandates, effectively leaving them in place.
The findings "suggest that the announcement of state-issued vaccine mandates may be associated with short-term increases in vaccine uptake," the researchers wrote. "This observed association may be a product of both a direct outcome experienced by groups governed by the mandate as well as the spillover outcome due to a government signaling the importance of vaccination to the general population of the state."
Oct 28 JAMA Health Forum study
Study shows more vaccine side effects following COVID-19 infection
A new large Canadian study finds that adults with previous moderate or severe COVID-19 infections were more likely to have an adverse event sufficient to limit routine activities or require medical assessment in the week following each COVID vaccine dose. The study was published today in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
The study was based on 684,998 vaccinated Canadian adults who received COVID-19 immunizations from Dec 22, 2020, to Nov 27, 2021. Participants were sent an electronic questionnaire 7 days after dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3 vaccination asking for details about previous COVID-19 infections and reactions to their immunization.
Among vaccinated people, 2.6% reported a COVID-19 infection in the 4 month prior to receiving an initial vaccine dose. Those with moderate (bedridden) to severe (hospitalized) COVID-19 infections were more likely to have a vaccine reaction preventing daily activities, at an adjusted odds ratio of 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]. 3.67 to 4.28) for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine; 5.01 (95% CI, 4.57 to 5.50) for Moderna, and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.54 to 2.20) for Oxford/AstraZeneca compared to no infection.
More adverse events were reported among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection following doses 2 and 3, but they were fewer than after dose 1. For participants who reported an asymptomatic or mild infection, there was no association with adverse vaccine side effects.
"The potential signal identified by our study requires further investigation via data linkage or other observational methods that do not rely on self-report," the authors concluded. "Providers should consider additional vaccine counseling on expected adverse effects for SARS-CoV-2 previously infected individuals prior to vaccination."
Oct 31 Clin Infect Dis study
COVID-19 Scan for Oct 31, 2022
State COVID vaccine mandates;
Vaccine side effects after previous COVID-19
Filed Under:
COVID-19
First-dose COVID vaccine coverage was higher in states with mandates
First-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake was higher in US states with worker vaccine mandates, suggesting that the requirements may have motivated even residents not covered to comply, concludes a study published late last week in JAMA Health Forum.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers compared first-dose COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 12 states and Washington, DC, with vaccine mandates and no test-out option with that in 14 states that didn't require them or that offered a test-out option. The study period included the 8 weeks before and after the mandates were announced from Jul 26 to Dec 31, 2021.
An estimated 11.5% of 5,508,539 first-dose vaccine administrations were tied to the announcements. Vaccine receipt began to rise in the 13 jurisdictions with mandates 3 weeks after the announcement, with statistically significant increases of 0.20, 0.33, 0.39, 0.45, 0.49, and 0.59 percentage points in weeks 3 through 8, respectively, over the 62.9% coverage in the 14 comparison states.
While increases in vaccine primary series completion occurred 5 to 8 weeks post-announcement, a statistically significant difference of 56.3% between states with and without mandates was noted only at 7 and 8 weeks (difference, 0.2 percentage points).
The study authors noted that some states began mandating that certain groups of workers be vaccinated after the US Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel said on July 26, 2021, that public and private employers could require vaccination.
By Dec 31, 2021, 24 jurisdictions had mandated that at least one group of workers (eg, healthcare, long-term care, education, congregate care, the government) get vaccinated. By February 2022, the Supreme Court had declined to hear at least three challenges to the mandates, effectively leaving them in place.
The findings "suggest that the announcement of state-issued vaccine mandates may be associated with short-term increases in vaccine uptake," the researchers wrote. "This observed association may be a product of both a direct outcome experienced by groups governed by the mandate as well as the spillover outcome due to a government signaling the importance of vaccination to the general population of the state."
Oct 28 JAMA Health Forum study
Study shows more vaccine side effects following COVID-19 infection
A new large Canadian study finds that adults with previous moderate or severe COVID-19 infections were more likely to have an adverse event sufficient to limit routine activities or require medical assessment in the week following each COVID vaccine dose. The study was published today in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
The study was based on 684,998 vaccinated Canadian adults who received COVID-19 immunizations from Dec 22, 2020, to Nov 27, 2021. Participants were sent an electronic questionnaire 7 days after dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3 vaccination asking for details about previous COVID-19 infections and reactions to their immunization.
Among vaccinated people, 2.6% reported a COVID-19 infection in the 4 month prior to receiving an initial vaccine dose. Those with moderate (bedridden) to severe (hospitalized) COVID-19 infections were more likely to have a vaccine reaction preventing daily activities, at an adjusted odds ratio of 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]. 3.67 to 4.28) for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine; 5.01 (95% CI, 4.57 to 5.50) for Moderna, and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.54 to 2.20) for Oxford/AstraZeneca compared to no infection.
More adverse events were reported among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection following doses 2 and 3, but they were fewer than after dose 1. For participants who reported an asymptomatic or mild infection, there was no association with adverse vaccine side effects.
"The potential signal identified by our study requires further investigation via data linkage or other observational methods that do not rely on self-report," the authors concluded. "Providers should consider additional vaccine counseling on expected adverse effects for SARS-CoV-2 previously infected individuals prior to vaccination."
Oct 31 Clin Infect Dis study