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Chronic flu patients could be an early warning system for future outbreaks

Emily

Editor, Senior Moderator
This seems a worthwhile research effort. It could save us from going on a lot of wild goose chases.

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/...ture-outbreaks
News
Microbiology,
Genetics

Chronic flu patients could be an early warning system for future outbreaks

Viral mutations from long-term infections predict later strains making worldwide rounds

By
Tina Hesman Saey

4:46pm, June 27, 2017

People with weakened immune systems might help scientists get a jump on the flu virus.
Some flu virus mutations popped up again and again in cancer patients with long-term infections, researchers report June 27 in eLife. And some of those mutations were the same as ones found in flu viruses circulating around the world a few years later, evolutionary virologist Jesse Bloom of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and colleagues discovered. The findings may eventually help vaccine developers predict flu strain evolution.
“You can’t predict what’s going to happen next year,” — at least not yet, Bloom says. But monitoring infections in many people may indicate which parts of the virus are most likely to change in the future....
 
Mike Coston wrote a piece on this eLife paper and I added a comment on its implications here
https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/...emporal-scales
the problem is size of the data sample and I have been writing a thread in my Workshop about the flu databases and will be adding a second post - which is nearly finished - which looks at how we can overcome this problem and was, at least in part, spurred by Mike and my discussion of this paper.
This link is to the first post and the second, which ties the first and this research together, should go up later today or tomorrow - inshallah.
https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/...-branch-reform

Bertrand
My poor French probably meant I missed the point of your comment but in English I view carriers as either
Normal - most people with a typical ILI infection.

Asymptomatic - In flu Normal's are usually infectious for a short period prior to symptom onset, but the term is usually reserved for the small number of cases that shed some virus but never become symptomatic.

Superspreaders - These individuals are very rare but they cause significantly more infections than usual. One was a major factor early in the SARS outbreak.

The patients in this study were 'Normals' in my classification what made them different was they were transplant patients on immunosupressive drugs which interfered with their immune systems ability to clear the infection. The duration of the infection allowed the researchers to observe mutations that spontaneously occurred over an unusually long time to see which were fit and if they occurred in multiple patients.

Bertrand, mon pauvre fran?ais, probablement, j'avais manqu? le point de votre commentaire, mais en anglais, je vois les transporteurs comme ?tant
Normal - la plupart des personnes atteintes d'une ILI typique
Asymptomatique - Dans la grippe Les normales sont g?n?ralement infectieuses pendant une courte p?riode avant l'apparition des sympt?mes, mais le terme est habituellement r?serv? au petit nombre de cas qui causent un certain virus mais ne deviennent jamais symptomatiques.
Superspreaders - Ces individus sont tr?s rares, mais ils causent beaucoup plus d'infections que d'habitude. L'un ?tait un facteur majeur au d?but de l'?pid?mie de SRAS.

Les patients dans cette ?tude ?taient ?Normals? dans ma classification, ce qui les rendait diff?rents, c'?tait des patients transplant?s sur des m?dicaments immunosupressants qui entravaient leur capacit? ? ?liminer l'infection par les syst?mes immunitaires. Cette longue p?riode d'infection a permis aux chercheurs d'observer une mutation qui s'est produite spontan?ment pendant un temps exceptionnellement long pour voir qui ?taient en forme et si elles se sont produites chez plusieurs patients.
 
Merci,

pr?alable 1: je prends toujours un ?norme plaisir ? lire tous vos textes, d'une profondeur rare...

pr?alable 2: j'ai beaucoup appris en comprenant le pourquoi de la cr?ation de ceci :

https://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/content/dictionnaires-dautrefois
c'est plus simple quand c'est celui qui, qui ...


dit autrement:

si la signification d'un mot change, au cours du temps, pour des motifs x ou y , pour former de vrais juristes, etc, il est important de permettre d'entrevoir, en total libre acc?s, exemple :
http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/philologic4/publicdicos/query?report=bibliography&head=viande

je ne remercierai jamais assez le travail de fond admirable fait par "ces" universitaires am?ricains ... En effet,imposer aux fonctionnaires , l'usage d'un dictionnaire partiel ou avec des d?finitions captieuses a ?t? et me semble encore ?tre le bon moyen pour ne rien faire, mal faire, ou ne faire qu'une infime partie...


Je suis v?t?rinaire, au d?part, donc, j'essaye d'user du peu de vocabulaire d?fini dans le cadre de l'O.I.E:
http://www.oie.int/fr/
Mais, ce vocabulaire, d?fini, ou partiellement d?fini, est bien insuffisant ( ? dessein) , donc je recherche le moyen d'acc?der aux d?finitions, dans le cadre de la d?marche ONE Health


Donc vu la qualit? de ce lieu, est-il possible d'acc?der aux d?finitions des mots indiqu?s que je mets en anglais et en ""


* " Chronic flu patients"

*"An asymptomatic carrier (healthy carrier or just carrier)"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier



le soin de g?rer les dictionnaires devrait , par la loi, ?tre plac? sous la responsabilit? des enseignants et les instances internationales seraient bien inspir?es de se bouger enfin sur ce sujet ...
 
Betrand
I do not know if there is a definitive definition for these words, as you point out meaning changes with time. If there was one I would assume it would be the OEI's responsibility to define it. The meaning also changes with context. Carrier meant something you can carry things in like a bag or basket but in this context it could be used interchangeably with Host or Patient (if the host happened to be symptomatic) but neither of these are much good for putting things in.

I would concentrate on the two words Chronic and Symptom. Find a definition of these that you are happy with. The 'flu patients' is irrelevant and could be change to 'Chronic Ebola patients'. Asymptomatic just means not having symptoms the bit in brackets is just showing that the terms 'carrier' and 'healthy carrier' can be used inter-changeably - the 'healthy' is superfluous anyway as asymptomatic means the carrier does not have symptoms.
 
merci,

des humains porteurs, plus ou sain qui travaillent en agroalimentaire , ce n'est pas rare . Ils sont malades, pour le m?decin qui prescrit des traitements et sains pour le travail et la soci?t?.



C'est bien les d?finitions, fonction du contexte, mais cela ne permet pas de prendre des d?cisions justes, d'une part, et d'autre part , cela permet toutes les formes de communication officielles ou des journalistes .

J'accepte le principe de la cohabitation de x d?finitions si et seulement si, l'on fait r?f?rence au lieu ou l'on peut y acc?der librement.




Depuis le temps que l'on ?voque le dossier ONE HEALTH d'une part et d'autre part , vu le fait que tous les pays ne font pas les m?mes choix strat?giques ( voir Chine, par exemple) , la base, pour avancer me semble l'usage d'un vocabulaire aux d?finitions accessibles et partag?s.C'est pour cela que j'ai appr?cie la d?marche du wikip?dia mais ? lire dans au moins 5 langues ...


L'autre fa?on d'aborder ce sujet pourrait ?tre par le concept de microbiote en regardant les fiches anglaise et fran?aise


In microbiology, flora (plural: floras or flor?) refers to the collective bacteria and other microorganisms in an ecosystem (e.g., some part of the body of an anima lhost).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(microbiology)



Le microbiote est l'ensemble des micro-organismes (bact?ries, levures, champignons, virus) vivant dans un environnement sp?cifique (appel? microbiome) chez un h?te (animal ou v?g?tal).

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiote


sympa, les virus sont des microorganismes ...



Faites une recherche du microbiome des employ?s d'un hospital avant leur d?part en vacance ? l'?tranger, et ? leur retour , c'est ?difiant . Les vacances sur des belles plages sur peupl?es, font des vacanciers de tr?s bons transporteurs, mais il faut se taire et faire avec?


je dis cela car , imposer des r?gles drastiques pour les animaux, cela ne va pouvoir durer que si le niveau de la communication des instances scientifiques et politiques ne monte pas de niveau tr?s vite ...


je me permet ce texte long car le dossier influenza est le dossier ONE HEALTH
 
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