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chlorine in the air

Re: chlorine in the air

J Gen Virol. 2008 Jan;89(Pt 1):60-7.
Protective effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against influenza A virus infection.

Ogata N, Shibata T.
Research Institute, Taiko Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 3-34-14 Uchihonmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-0032, Japan. nogata7@yahoo.co.jp
Influenza virus infection is one of the major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Between humans, this virus spreads mostly via aerosols excreted from the respiratory system. Current means of prevention of influenza virus infection are not entirely satisfactory because of their limited efficacy. Safe and effective preventive measures against pandemic influenza are greatly needed. We demonstrate that infection of mice induced by aerosols of influenza A virus was prevented by chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) gas at an extremely low concentration (below the long-term permissible exposure level to humans, namely 0.1 p.p.m.). Mice in semi-closed cages were exposed to aerosols of influenza A virus (1 LD(50)) and ClO(2) gas (0.03 p.p.m.) simultaneously for 15 min. Three days after exposure, pulmonary virus titre (TCID(50)) was 10(2.6+/-1.5) in five mice treated with ClO(2), whilst it was 10(6.7+/-0.2) in five mice that had not been treated (P=0.003). Cumulative mortality after 16 days was 0/10 mice treated with ClO(2) and 7/10 mice that had not been treated (P=0.002). In in vitro experiments, ClO(2) denatured viral envelope proteins (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) that are indispensable for infectivity of the virus, and abolished infectivity. Taken together, we conclude that ClO(2) gas is effective at preventing aerosol-induced influenza virus infection in mice by denaturing viral envelope proteins at a concentration well below the permissible exposure level to humans. ClO(2) gas could therefore be useful as a preventive means against influenza in places of human activity without necessitating evacuation.



PMID: 18089729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089729
 
Re: chlorine in the air

Inventors: Norio Ogata

Gs, remember this reply to you, almost 2 years ago?

Norio Ogata said:

Yes, your question is quite interesting and is very important. I should have done that kind of experiment. I did not do the experiment to prove, positive or negagtive, the possibility whether ClO2 can really protect "cells" from virus infection by first treat cultured cells, wash out ClO2 and then add virus as you point out.
The reason that I thought that virus was inactivated in the aerosols, not in the mice, is that in my previous work (paper attached), ClO2 inactivated proteins withinin a minute, and is "cosumed" by the reaction. Therefore, there is no ClO2 remaining in the reaction mixture after the reaction when ClO2 concentration is very low (see Fig.4, Fig. 5 and Table 3 of the attached paper). Anyway I should do the experiment that you pointed out.
There is no problem at all that you post my reply to the bird flu forum
 
Re: chlorine in the air

#1:...


I think about unmaned rooms irorated by such chlorine, than re-oxigenated.
The "inhalation" option, even if low, suggest an reinventation of chambering - chlorine is toxic, what will looks the lungs after few repetitive chlorine sniffs?
 
Re: chlorine in the air

while chlorine is toxic to humans, it is even more toxic to many viruses
including flu. So there is a threshold.

re-oxigenating looks complicated and expensive.
Any re-oxigenating just reduces the level - some molecules will
always survive.
 
Re: chlorine in the air

there is a threshold.

re-oxigenating looks complicated and expensive.
Any re-oxigenating just reduces the level - some molecules will
always survive.
There is a treshold but switching to work/live in such mixture instead pure air, seems so much.

About the oxigenation, maybe my wroted sentence wasn't precise,
it was meant first chlorinate the empty rooms, than evacuate the gas and reoxigenate/air the rooms.
But the job could be easier done by viral filters in a climatized facility.
 
Re: chlorine in the air

whn the weather an wind are good, is it suitable to
chlorinate a whole city from airplanes ?
 
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