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China's disease control advises the elderly and people with underlying diseases to avoid going out during the Spring Festival holiday
2020-12-29 12:30 Reporter: Dai Xuan Editor: Fan Yijing
Beijing News (Reporter Dai Xuan) Yesterday, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention released an article introducing the national seroepidemiological investigation and analysis of new coronary pneumonia.
The survey covers three types of regions, including Wuhan City, cities and prefectures outside Wuhan, Hubei, and six provinces outside Hubei (Beijing, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Sichuan). A sample survey design was used to select more than 34,000 people in the community. By testing the subjects' serum antibodies to the new coronavirus, the level of infection of the new coronavirus in the population is estimated. The survey adopts a cross-sectional survey method, and the survey time is selected one month after my country has contained the first wave of new coronary pneumonia.
The survey found that the positive rate of new crown antibodies in the community population in Wuhan was 4.43%, and the positive rate of antibodies in the cities and prefectures outside Wuhan, Hubei was 0.44%. Among more than 12,000 people in six provinces outside Hubei, only 2 cases of antibody positive were detected. . The antibody-positive rate of people who have been exposed to confirmed cases of new coronary pneumonia is significantly higher than that of other people, and the antibody-positive rate of middle-aged and elderly people is higher than that of other age groups.
The survey results show that the population of our country is generally at a low level of infection, indicating that the epidemic control with Wuhan as the main battlefield has been successful and effectively prevented the large-scale spread of the epidemic.
This survey is the first large-scale population-based survey of the positive rate of new crown seroantibodies in areas with different epidemic levels in China. National representative surveys conducted in other countries found that after the first wave of epidemics, the population infection rate was generally low. A two-stage random sampling survey conducted in Spain from April 27 to May 11 found that the national average seropositive rate was in the range of 3.7%-6.2%. A follow-up study of a nationally representative population cohort conducted in Switzerland from April 6 to May 9 found that the antibody-positive rate at week 5 was approximately 11%.
■ Dispel doubts
1 What is the purpose of conducting this survey?
Evaluate the effectiveness of my country's epidemic prevention and control
Under normal circumstances, after the new coronavirus infects the human body, the replication of the virus in the body can stimulate the body to produce specific antibodies, which often last for a long time. The new coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in the infected person can inhibit virus replication, thereby protecting the human body. The detection of new coronavirus-specific antibodies in the body indicates that the new coronavirus may have been infected in the past.
Seroepidemiological survey is an epidemiological survey carried out by using serological methods and techniques. Through analysis and research on the distribution of specific antigens or antibodies in the serum of the population and its influencing factors, it clarifies the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases , To evaluate the effect of vaccination, etc.
This new coronary pneumonia seroepidemiological survey is a cross-sectional survey carried out in representative areas one month after my country contained the first wave of new coronary pneumonia epidemics. The population was representatively sampled and serum samples were collected for antibodies. The purpose of the test is to understand the situation of the new crown virus infection in the general population in areas with different levels of the new crown pneumonia, deepen the scientific understanding of the characteristics of the new crown pneumonia infection, and evaluate the effectiveness of my country's epidemic prevention and control.
This serological survey is based on community populations, using a good sampling design, and the population is well represented. Antibody detection uses multiple reagents in parallel preliminary screening, and then adopts the detection strategy of cell micro-neutralization test review, which guarantees the sensitivity and specificity of the detection strategy to the greatest extent.
2 What is the difference between the large-scale nucleic acid screening carried out in Wuhan?
Different detection methods and results have different meanings
The purpose of the investigation is different. The purpose of the seroepidemiological investigation is to understand the past infection status of the new coronavirus in the population, and the purpose of the large-scale nucleic acid screening of the population is to search for and find people infected with the existing virus.
The detection method is different. Seroepidemiological investigation is to detect the antibody level of the new coronavirus in the serum, while the large-scale nucleic acid screening of the population uses the PCR method to detect the nucleic acid fragment of the new coronavirus.
The results have different meanings. The detection of specific antibodies (antibody positive) in human serum indicates that it is a previously infected person. If the result of further nucleic acid testing is negative, it indicates that the virus has been cleared from the body of the previously infected person and is not infectious. If the nucleic acid test is positive, regardless of the antibody test result, it indicates that the individual may be in a virulent state and is a potential source of infection, especially at the end of the incubation period when the viral load is high and the acute phase is highly infectious, prompting it to be isolated Or cure to prevent the spread of the virus.
■ Tips
Elderly people and people with underlying diseases avoid going out during holidays
Chinese New Year's Day is coming soon. Recently, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued a reminder: We are still in the global pandemic period of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. While enjoying the festive season, we cannot ignore the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus.
The CDC said that since the beginning of winter, the frequency of local clustered epidemics caused by imported sources of infection has increased in China. Due to timely detection and control, the scale of epidemics has been small. The global epidemic has shown a continued upward trend. For some time to come, the overall global epidemic will continue to rise. Although many countries have approved the emergency use of the new crown vaccine, but due to factors such as production, distribution, vaccination, funding, and the priority ordering of most vaccines by rich countries, it is unlikely that vaccination will form an immune barrier and change the development trend of the epidemic in the short term. . Therefore, during the Spring Festival in 2021, there is a high possibility that the overseas epidemic will still show a high-intensity epidemic; the risk of epidemic import in my country is still relatively high, and population movements will increase the risk of epidemic spread.
The current overseas epidemic is serious, and the risk of infection by individuals traveling abroad is high. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals fully weigh the timing and necessity of travel and avoid unnecessary cross-border travel.
Travel is restricted for persons in medium- and high-risk areas within the country, and persons in low-risk areas are not allowed to travel to medium- and high-risk areas. The risk level of the new crown epidemic in various parts of my country can be inquired in real time in the column of the State Council website, the mobile application "State Council Client" or the WeChat applet.
People in low-risk areas within the country can arrange trips on a staggered peak, but it is recommended that the elderly and those with underlying diseases avoid going out during holidays. During travel, when taking airplanes, trains and other means of transportation, you must abide by the order and management requirements of flight attendants, wear masks throughout the journey, do hand hygiene, and keep the receipts for inquiries. If symptoms such as headache, fatigue, loss of sense of smell and taste, dry cough, fever, etc. occur during the journey, you should immediately go to the nearest medical institution to cancel or suspend the journey. During the holidays, minimize unnecessary crowd gathering activities, control the number of people gathering, wear masks, keep distance, and wash hands frequently when in contact with others.
After returning from the trip, continue to do a good job of personal health monitoring and self-observation for 14 days. Once you feel unwell, seek medical advice in time and actively inform the doctor of your travel history.
Pay attention to prevent bird flu and norovirus
In addition, the CDC reminds us to prevent human infection with avian influenza, norovirus infection, and food poisoning.
Since the beginning of winter, my country has found an avian flu epidemic among poultry. Several sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza have also been reported in a few areas in southern my country. The public should try to avoid contact with live poultry or live poultry markets. If contact is necessary, personal protection should be strengthened, such as wearing masks and gloves, and washing hands with soap and water as soon as possible.
Norovirus disease outbreaks mainly occur in nurseries or schools. Norovirus disease outbreaks often occur in tour groups, cruise ships, and holiday centers. Since the beginning of winter, many schools and kindergartens have reported outbreaks of norovirus disease.
During the holiday season, opportunities for gatherings and dining out will increase. In the case of poor food hygiene, the possibility of food poisoning will increase. Food poisoning in the mainland of my country has the largest number of microbial food poisoning incidents and the number of people who have been poisoned. It mainly occurs in food service units and collective canteens. It is manifested as a group of people eating the same one or more contaminated or spoiled foods. The public should pay attention to food hygiene and refrain from eating uncooked and cooked food, unpasteurized milk, unpeeled fruits, raw vegetables, etc.
https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/160921565715206.html
2020-12-29 12:30 Reporter: Dai Xuan Editor: Fan Yijing
Beijing News (Reporter Dai Xuan) Yesterday, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention released an article introducing the national seroepidemiological investigation and analysis of new coronary pneumonia.
The survey covers three types of regions, including Wuhan City, cities and prefectures outside Wuhan, Hubei, and six provinces outside Hubei (Beijing, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Sichuan). A sample survey design was used to select more than 34,000 people in the community. By testing the subjects' serum antibodies to the new coronavirus, the level of infection of the new coronavirus in the population is estimated. The survey adopts a cross-sectional survey method, and the survey time is selected one month after my country has contained the first wave of new coronary pneumonia.
The survey found that the positive rate of new crown antibodies in the community population in Wuhan was 4.43%, and the positive rate of antibodies in the cities and prefectures outside Wuhan, Hubei was 0.44%. Among more than 12,000 people in six provinces outside Hubei, only 2 cases of antibody positive were detected. . The antibody-positive rate of people who have been exposed to confirmed cases of new coronary pneumonia is significantly higher than that of other people, and the antibody-positive rate of middle-aged and elderly people is higher than that of other age groups.
The survey results show that the population of our country is generally at a low level of infection, indicating that the epidemic control with Wuhan as the main battlefield has been successful and effectively prevented the large-scale spread of the epidemic.
This survey is the first large-scale population-based survey of the positive rate of new crown seroantibodies in areas with different epidemic levels in China. National representative surveys conducted in other countries found that after the first wave of epidemics, the population infection rate was generally low. A two-stage random sampling survey conducted in Spain from April 27 to May 11 found that the national average seropositive rate was in the range of 3.7%-6.2%. A follow-up study of a nationally representative population cohort conducted in Switzerland from April 6 to May 9 found that the antibody-positive rate at week 5 was approximately 11%.
■ Dispel doubts
1 What is the purpose of conducting this survey?
Evaluate the effectiveness of my country's epidemic prevention and control
Under normal circumstances, after the new coronavirus infects the human body, the replication of the virus in the body can stimulate the body to produce specific antibodies, which often last for a long time. The new coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in the infected person can inhibit virus replication, thereby protecting the human body. The detection of new coronavirus-specific antibodies in the body indicates that the new coronavirus may have been infected in the past.
Seroepidemiological survey is an epidemiological survey carried out by using serological methods and techniques. Through analysis and research on the distribution of specific antigens or antibodies in the serum of the population and its influencing factors, it clarifies the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases , To evaluate the effect of vaccination, etc.
This new coronary pneumonia seroepidemiological survey is a cross-sectional survey carried out in representative areas one month after my country contained the first wave of new coronary pneumonia epidemics. The population was representatively sampled and serum samples were collected for antibodies. The purpose of the test is to understand the situation of the new crown virus infection in the general population in areas with different levels of the new crown pneumonia, deepen the scientific understanding of the characteristics of the new crown pneumonia infection, and evaluate the effectiveness of my country's epidemic prevention and control.
This serological survey is based on community populations, using a good sampling design, and the population is well represented. Antibody detection uses multiple reagents in parallel preliminary screening, and then adopts the detection strategy of cell micro-neutralization test review, which guarantees the sensitivity and specificity of the detection strategy to the greatest extent.
2 What is the difference between the large-scale nucleic acid screening carried out in Wuhan?
Different detection methods and results have different meanings
The purpose of the investigation is different. The purpose of the seroepidemiological investigation is to understand the past infection status of the new coronavirus in the population, and the purpose of the large-scale nucleic acid screening of the population is to search for and find people infected with the existing virus.
The detection method is different. Seroepidemiological investigation is to detect the antibody level of the new coronavirus in the serum, while the large-scale nucleic acid screening of the population uses the PCR method to detect the nucleic acid fragment of the new coronavirus.
The results have different meanings. The detection of specific antibodies (antibody positive) in human serum indicates that it is a previously infected person. If the result of further nucleic acid testing is negative, it indicates that the virus has been cleared from the body of the previously infected person and is not infectious. If the nucleic acid test is positive, regardless of the antibody test result, it indicates that the individual may be in a virulent state and is a potential source of infection, especially at the end of the incubation period when the viral load is high and the acute phase is highly infectious, prompting it to be isolated Or cure to prevent the spread of the virus.
■ Tips
Elderly people and people with underlying diseases avoid going out during holidays
Chinese New Year's Day is coming soon. Recently, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued a reminder: We are still in the global pandemic period of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. While enjoying the festive season, we cannot ignore the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus.
The CDC said that since the beginning of winter, the frequency of local clustered epidemics caused by imported sources of infection has increased in China. Due to timely detection and control, the scale of epidemics has been small. The global epidemic has shown a continued upward trend. For some time to come, the overall global epidemic will continue to rise. Although many countries have approved the emergency use of the new crown vaccine, but due to factors such as production, distribution, vaccination, funding, and the priority ordering of most vaccines by rich countries, it is unlikely that vaccination will form an immune barrier and change the development trend of the epidemic in the short term. . Therefore, during the Spring Festival in 2021, there is a high possibility that the overseas epidemic will still show a high-intensity epidemic; the risk of epidemic import in my country is still relatively high, and population movements will increase the risk of epidemic spread.
The current overseas epidemic is serious, and the risk of infection by individuals traveling abroad is high. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals fully weigh the timing and necessity of travel and avoid unnecessary cross-border travel.
Travel is restricted for persons in medium- and high-risk areas within the country, and persons in low-risk areas are not allowed to travel to medium- and high-risk areas. The risk level of the new crown epidemic in various parts of my country can be inquired in real time in the column of the State Council website, the mobile application "State Council Client" or the WeChat applet.
People in low-risk areas within the country can arrange trips on a staggered peak, but it is recommended that the elderly and those with underlying diseases avoid going out during holidays. During travel, when taking airplanes, trains and other means of transportation, you must abide by the order and management requirements of flight attendants, wear masks throughout the journey, do hand hygiene, and keep the receipts for inquiries. If symptoms such as headache, fatigue, loss of sense of smell and taste, dry cough, fever, etc. occur during the journey, you should immediately go to the nearest medical institution to cancel or suspend the journey. During the holidays, minimize unnecessary crowd gathering activities, control the number of people gathering, wear masks, keep distance, and wash hands frequently when in contact with others.
After returning from the trip, continue to do a good job of personal health monitoring and self-observation for 14 days. Once you feel unwell, seek medical advice in time and actively inform the doctor of your travel history.
Pay attention to prevent bird flu and norovirus
In addition, the CDC reminds us to prevent human infection with avian influenza, norovirus infection, and food poisoning.
Since the beginning of winter, my country has found an avian flu epidemic among poultry. Several sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza have also been reported in a few areas in southern my country. The public should try to avoid contact with live poultry or live poultry markets. If contact is necessary, personal protection should be strengthened, such as wearing masks and gloves, and washing hands with soap and water as soon as possible.
Norovirus disease outbreaks mainly occur in nurseries or schools. Norovirus disease outbreaks often occur in tour groups, cruise ships, and holiday centers. Since the beginning of winter, many schools and kindergartens have reported outbreaks of norovirus disease.
During the holiday season, opportunities for gatherings and dining out will increase. In the case of poor food hygiene, the possibility of food poisoning will increase. Food poisoning in the mainland of my country has the largest number of microbial food poisoning incidents and the number of people who have been poisoned. It mainly occurs in food service units and collective canteens. It is manifested as a group of people eating the same one or more contaminated or spoiled foods. The public should pay attention to food hygiene and refrain from eating uncooked and cooked food, unpasteurized milk, unpeeled fruits, raw vegetables, etc.
https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/160921565715206.html
