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CHINA - 8.0 earthquake near Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Re: CHINA - 8.0 earthquake near Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Extra harsh winter threatens China quake victims


21 Nov 2008 08:53:50 GMT
<!-- 21 Nov 2008 08:53:50 GMT ## for search indexer, do not remove --> Source: Reuters



<!-- AN5.0 article title end --> <script language="JavaScript" src="http://www.alertnet.org/bin/js/article.js"></script> <input value="13" name="CurrentSize" id="CurrentSize" type="hidden"> <!-- Extra harsh winter threatens China quake victims --> <!-- Reuters --> (Adds official clarification of death toll; writes through) By Lucy Hornby BEIJING, Nov 21 (Reuters) -

The 7.9 magnitude quake, which hit Sichuan and surrounding provinces on May 12, killed more than 69,000 people, with another 18,000 unaccounted for, according to the official death toll.

With cold desending in the mountain towns, discontent is rising. Earlier this week, thousands clashed with police over a relocation project in Wudu, capital of Longmen in neighbouring Gansu province, where about 1.8 million were left homeless.

An usually harsh winter is expected in the mountains of Sichuan, where millions of quake victims live in temporary housing that gives little protection against cold, rain and snow, provincial officials said on Friday. "Some senior citizens and children are in need of basic equipment to keep them warm," Wei Hong, vice governor of Sichuan province, told reporters, adding that temperatures, which can fall well below freezing in the mountains, are expected to be up to 1 degree Celsius colder than normal this winter. Wei gave the figure of 19,065 when asked about the number of children killed in schools that collapsed during the quake. That number, also reported by state television and the China Daily website, would imply that almost a quarter of the fatalities were schoolchildren. But in an official clarification later on Friday, the Cabinet's spokesman's office said the number referred to a detailed list of identified dead. The deaths of children, many buried under ruins of shoddily built classrooms while nearby buildings withstood the tremors, has been the most controversial aspect of the disaster. After the earthquake, Beijing rapidly clamped down on reporting of poorly built schools and has been trying to silence grieved parents looking for redress in the court system by paying compensation instead. "We've attached great importance to the questions of family members regarding school quality," Wei said. "The government will try its utmost to properly resolve their questions." A Reuters survey of news reports of collapsed schools had put the toll from collapsed schools below 10,000.

WINTER OF DISCONTENT

Many quake victims in Sichuan are still short of basics, including quilts and even food for the winter and into the spring, provincial officials said. Millions left homeless face a bitter winter in thin tents, prefab housing, makeshift shelters and patched homes, adding concern over basic necessities to their grief. A local official at the heart of the quake zone killed himself this week, the second such suicide in two months, state media said, in a sign of the emotional toll. "Most of our cadres and people have overcome the shadow of the earthquake. They are working hard to rebuild their homes and most have found balance in their lives," Wei said. "But we recognise that the earthquake has still left some deeply damaged in their hearts. We are very sympathetic about the suicides, but the reason for the suicides is not just the trauma but other causes too." (Additional reporting by Emma Graham-Harrison; Editing by Nick Macfie and Jerry Norton)

http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/PEK23008.htm
 
Re: CHINA - 8.0 earthquake near Chengdu, Sichuan Province

<nyt_headline version="1.0" type=" "> Possible Link Between Dam and China Quake </nyt_headline>

quake1_span.jpg
Guang Niu/Getty Images
Survivors of the Sichuan quake in China arrived at the Zipingpu Dam, left, on May 16, 2008.



<nyt_byline version="1.0" type=" ">By SHARON LaFRANIERE
</nyt_byline> Published: February 5, 2009
<!--NYT_INLINE_IMAGE_POSITION1 --> <nyt_correction_top> </nyt_correction_top> BEIJING ? Nearly nine months after a devastating earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, left 80,000 people dead or missing, a growing number of American and Chinese scientists are suggesting that the calamity was triggered by a four-year-old reservoir built close to the earthquake?s geological fault line.
Skip to next paragraph Multimedia

Map



Related Sichuan Earthquake

Report by Christian Klose, Columbia University Researcher
Enlarge This Image
China Photos, via Getty Images


In Dujiangyan, a hard-hit city, right, a girl held an egg as her father carried her to safety.



A Columbia University scientist who studied the quake has said that it may have been triggered by the weight of 320 million tons of water in the Zipingpu Reservoir less than a mile from a well-known major fault. His conclusions, presented to the American Geophysical Union in December, coincide with a new finding by Chinese geophysicists that the dam caused significant seismic changes before the earthquake.
Scientists emphasize that the link between the dam and the failure of the fault has not been conclusively proved, and that even if the dam acted as a trigger, it would only have hastened a quake that would have occurred at some point.


Nonetheless, any suggestion that a government project played a role in one of the biggest natural disasters in recent Chinese history is likely to be politically explosive.



The issue of government accountability and responsiveness has boiled over in China in the past year. The grieving parents of thousands of schoolchildren killed in the disaster have already made the 7.9-magnitude earthquake a political issue, charging that children died needlessly in unsafe school buildings approved by negligent or corrupt officials.


More public anger erupted last year when the government failed to prevent the sale of tainted milk powder that sickened nearly 300,000 children and killed six.



?Any kind of government-related disaster presently is very, very damaging and politically extremely sensitive,? said Cheng Li, the China research director at the Brookings Institution.



If it is proved that the earthquake ?was related to a man-made situation and not just a natural disaster, the government will be very uncomfortable with that kind of report because of the whole issue of government accountability,? Mr. Li said.


Questions about the Zipingpu Dam are especially delicate because China is building many major hydroelectric dams in the southwest, a region which has abundant water resources but is considered prone to earthquakes.


In a petition to the government in July, a group of environmentalists and scholars said the fact that government scientists had underestimated the risk of the May earthquake raised questions about a host of other dams built in the same valley and along five other major rivers, according to an article published by Probe International, an environmental advocacy group. Chinese authorities have steadfastly dismissed any notion that reservoir-building in Sichuan Province placed citizens at any added risk, and they have blocked some Web sites of environmental groups that suggest that dangers have been overlooked.


In a December article in the Chinese magazine Science Times, two scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences strongly denied that the dam played any role in the earthquake. ?The earthquake research community outside and inside China has widely accepted the notion that the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake was a huge natural disaster caused by massive crustal movement, because no reservoir triggered-quake with a magnitude eight has ever occurred in history,? said Pan Jiazheng, an expert in hydroengineering, according to a translation published by Probe International.


Scientists generally agree that a reservoir, no matter how big, cannot by itself cause an earthquake. But Leonardo Seeber, a senior scientist with the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, said the impact of so much water could hasten an earthquake?s occurrence if geological conditions for a quake already existed. He said the best known example was a 1967 earthquake triggered by the Koyna Dam in a remote area of India, with a magnitude of about 6.5 and a death toll of about 180 people.



Mr. Seeber said that while the link between the Sichuan earthquake and the Zipingpu Dam was not yet proved, work by Christian Klose, a Columbia University researcher specializing in geophysical hazards, suggested the stress caused by the water?s weight might have hastened the quake by a few hundred years.
?It would have occurred anyway,? Mr. Seeber said. ?But of course the people who were affected might think the timing is an important difference.?



Mr. Klose estimated that the weight of the water in the Zipingpu reservoir amounted to 25 times the natural stress that tectonic movements exert in a year. The added pressure, he wrote in an abstract to an unpublished study, ?resulted in the Beichaun fault coming close to failure.?

Multimedia


Report by Christian Klose, Columbia University Researcher


Fifty stories tall and big enough to hold more than one billion cubic meters of water, the Zipingpu Dam astride the Minjiang River was billed as one of China?s biggest water control projects.



Officials said the $750 million project, part of a grand plan to develop regions in China?s south and west, would generate 760,000 kilowatts of electricity, irrigate more farmland, help control flooding and provide more water to industries and residents of nearby Chengdu, a city of more than 10 million.


Almost as soon as construction got underway in 2001, one expert, Li Youcai, voiced fears that officials were underplaying the risk of a major earthquake in the region, but government officials rejected his argument, according to an article published last year on China Dialogue, a Web site devoted to environmental news.


Officials allowed the reservoir to fill with water in late 2004. Fan Xiao, a chief engineer with the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau, said that from late 2004 to late 2005, the data showed 730 minor earthquakes, with magnitudes of 3 or less.


When the major earthquake struck last May, it originated 3.4 miles from the reservoir. The rupture in the Earth?s crust stretched for 185 miles, initially moving in a direction that Mr. Klose said was consistent with the pressure from the water?s weight.


Mr. Fan, the chief engineer for the regional geology investigation team, told reporters soon afterward that he believed that the reservoir influenced the timing, magnitude and location of the earthquake.
?The main lesson is that in building these kinds of projects we need to give more consideration to scientific planning and not simply consider the electricity or water or the economic interests,? Mr. Fan said.
The debate reignited in December when two scientists with the China Earthquake Administration and three other researchers published a study in the Chinese journal Seismology and Geology. They concluded only that the weight of the reservoir?s water and diffusion of water from the reservoir below the Earth?s surface ?clearly affected the local seismicity? over a period of nearly four years before the fault ruptured.
The Chinese researchers called for further study to see whether the reservoir helped trigger the earthquake. One of them, Du Fang, with the Sichuan Earthquake Administration, said Thursday that it was impossible to know whether the reservoir influenced the earthquake without more research. ?The possibility exists,? she said.
Ms. Du said she and other scientists were free to research the issue fully. ?We scientists are free to research the topic we proposed, as long as it is worth studying,? she said. ?I don?t feel any restrictions on access to the data from the government.?

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/world/asia/06quake.html?pagewanted=2
 
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