China: 2019nCov - Cases, Outbreak News and Information Week 7 (February 9 - February 15, 2020)

[Treyfish]

10.59 million people tested for coronavirus in Wuhan
China's Wuhan city - the epicentre of the deadly coronavirus outbreak, has carried out tests on 10.59 million people, almost 99 per cent of its population, and for the remaining others it would be completed by Tuesday, a ruling Communist Party of China official said.:tiphat:https://www.indiatoday.in/world/sto...d-for-coronavirus-in-wuhan-1645171-2020-02-11

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20200211/1041541.shtml

Coronavirus survival in water and wastewater
Polaris Water Treatment Network Source: China Water Supply and Drainage 2020/2/11 8:34:29 I want to contribute
Channel: Water Treatment Keywords: Coronavirus, Water Environment, Bacteria Pollution


Polaris Water Treatment Network News: Abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome and its potential environmental spread suggest that more information is needed on the survival of coronaviruses in water and wastewater. Survival rates of representative coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis virus and human coronavirus 229E were measured in filtered and unfiltered tap water (4 ? C and 23 ? C) and wastewater (23 ? C). It was compared with poliovirus type 1 under the same test conditions. Coronavirus inactivation in the test water is highly dependent on temperature, organic matter levels, and the presence of antagonistic bacteria. The time required for the virus titer to decrease by 99.9% (T99.9) indicates that the coronavirus is inactivated faster in tap water at 23 ? C (10 days) than at 4 ? C (> 100 days). Coronaviruses die quickly in wastewater, with a T99.9 value between 2 and 4 days. Except for tap water at 4 ? C, poliovirus survived longer than coronavirus in all water tested.

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused more than 8,000 cases worldwide in 2003, with a mortality rate of approximately 10% (Manocha et al. 2003; Centers for Disease Control 2004). The last known outbreak was at a research laboratory in Beijing in 2004. The cause of the disease has been identified as a new human coronavirus, most likely originating in civet cats, and the potential host may be bats (Guan et al. 2003; Lau et al. 2005; Wanget al. 2006). Coronaviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses ranging in size from 60 to 220 nanometers. They can infect birds and mammals, including humans, and spread through aerosol or fecal-oral routes. The rapid spread of coronavirus during an outbreak indicates that the main mode of transmission of human coronavirus is respiratory droplets; however, there is no direct evidence to support this (Belshe 1984). Because human coronavirus infection is considered a mild, self-limiting disease to date, there is limited information on its potential to spread in the environment.

Given that the SARS outbreak involving more than 300 people in a high-rise residential area in Hong Kong in March 2003 was related to a defective sewage system (Peiris et al. 2003), the spread of the SARS outbreak may be related to water and wastewater. The fact that SARS-CoV can be replicated in the intestine (Leung et al. 2003) makes it a possible intestinal pathogen, and the incidence of diarrhea in SARS cases is between 8% and 73% (SARS epidemic Science Working Group, 2003), which has drawn attention to its potential environmental spread. Leung et al. (2003) also reported that virus cultures obtained from the small intestine of patients with SARS have a higher yield than lung tissues that are the target organs of the virus. The infectious virus was isolated from the stool of patients with SARS within 3 weeks (Chan et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2004). The emergence of SARS and its spread indicate that more information is needed, especially the survival of coronaviruses in water and wastewater. This study compared the survival of representative coronavirus and poliovirus type 1 in tap water and wastewater. 02

Materials and Method

Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) (ATCC-990): A feline intestinal coronavirus that is propagated and detected in the Clandallriser Cat Kidney Cell Line (CRFK) (ATCC-94). Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV) (ATCC-740): a respiratory virus that is propagated and analyzed in fetal lung fibroblasts, the MRC-5 cell line (ATCC-171). Poliovirus 1 LSc-2ab (PV-1): A human enteric virus known to be very stable in the environment, reproduced and detected in the Buffalo Green Monkey Kidney (BGM) cell line. After cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the monolayer cells, the infected cells were frozen and thawed three times at -20 ? C to release the virus. It was then centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 minutes to remove cell debris, added to a virus suspension of 9% polyethylene glycol (relative molecular weight 8000) and 0.5 M sodium chloride, and stirred overnight at 4 ? C. After centrifugation at 10,000 g for 30 minutes, it was resuspended in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to 5% of the original virus suspension volume. Coronaviruses were then titrated and stored at -80 ? C. The poliovirus was further purified by extraction with an equal volume of Vertrel XF (Dupont, Wilmington, DE), emulsified, centrifuged at 7,500 g for 15 minutes, and then the top water layer was collected, titered, and stored at -80 ? C.

Tap water samples were taken from a cold water tap in the laboratory. The water source is groundwater, water quality parameters: pH 7.8, dissolved solids 297mg / L, total organic carbon 0.1mg / L. Allow water to flow for 3 minutes before collecting samples. Virus survival was measured in unfiltered tap water and tap water with bacteria removed through a 0.2 μm pore size filter. Tap water (30 mL) was added to a sterile 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube to reduce the loss of virus attached to the container. Sterile sodium thiosulfate was added to a final concentration of 33 μg / mL to dechlorinate the water. After vortexing, the virus was added to each tube to a final concentration of 105TCID50 / mL. The tube was vortexed again and immediately sampled (zero time point). The centrifuge tube was then stored at 4 ? C or room temperature (23 ? C). Centrifuge tubes stored at room temperature are covered with aluminum foil to prevent exposure to light. Centrifuge tubes were sampled after 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 21 days, and samples were frozen at -80 ? C until they were analyzed on the cells. Samples of primary effluent and residual activated sludge (secondary) were collected from Roger Road Sewage Treatment Plant in Tucson, Arizona, and collected in sterile polypropylene bottles. The primary effluent was collected after precipitation, and the secondary effluent was collected before chlorination. The typical water quality parameters of the first-level effluent of this facility are biological oxygen demand (BOD) and 1 suspended solid (10-220mg / L). Compared with the primary effluent, BOD and suspended solids in the secondary effluent are generally reduced by 90% to 95%. Add effluent (30 mL) to a sterile 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. Prior to virus addition, primary effluent was filtered through a 0.2 μm pore size filter, and unfiltered was also tested. Secondary effluent was tested only without filtration. Virus was then added to each centrifuge tube to a final concentration of 105TCID50 / mL. The centrifuge tube was vortexed and samples were taken immediately (zero time point). The centrifuge tube was then covered and kept at room temperature (23 ? C). Samples were collected after 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 21 days, and the samples were frozen at -80 ? C until analysis. Viruses were counted on cell cultures using plaque assay or TCID50 technology. The titer of PV-1 was determined by a plaque assay (Payment and Trudel 1993) in a 6-well plastic cell culture plate. This is a direct quantification method with a minimum detection limit of 10 pfu / mL. Each dilution was seeded in two wells. Coronaviruses that do not form plaques in cell culture are determined by a tissue culture infectious dose 50% technique (TCID50) in a 24-well plastic cell culture plate (Payment and Trudel 1993). This technique determines the dilution of the stock solution showing 50% of CPE. Take the antilog of the dilution factor to get the virus titer per TCID50. The minimum detection value of this method is 3.7 viruses per ml. Each dilution was seeded in at least 8 wells. Before adding the virus, any samples from the test water must be filtered before cell culture testing to eliminate bacterial contamination. Prepare a 0.2 μm low protein-binding Millex filter with a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by blocking 3% beef extract (Becton Dick-inson, Sparks, MD) at a pH of 7 by blocking sites that may adsorb viruses (Millipore, Billerica, MA). All experiments were repeated three times. 03

Results and discussion

Table 1 shows the number of days that the three viruses survived in the test water. The logarithmic reduction of each virus is calculated by the formula "lgN / N0", where N is the virus titer on a specified date and N0 is the virus titer at time 0. The slope of the linear regression is used to determine survival; the time required for the virus titer to decrease by 99% and 99.9% (represented as T99 and T99.9, respectively).

WeChat image_20200211082757.jpg

Factors affecting virus survival in water include temperature, organic matter, and aerobic microorganisms (John and Rose 2005; Melnick and Gerba 1980; Sobseyand Meschke 2003). The most critical factor influencing virus survival is temperature. Studies have shown that virus survival decreases with increasing temperature, which is mainly caused by protein denaturation and increased extracellular enzyme activity (Hurst et al. 1980; John and Rose 2005). Results from tap water studies confirm that this is the case. By testing filtered tap water, we reduce or eliminate the effects of particulate organics and bacteria. At room temperature, it only takes 10 days to reduce the coronavirus in filtered tap water by 99.9%, and at 4 ? C, it takes more than 100 days to inactivate this level of virus. The survival of PV-1 in tap water at 4 ? C is similar to that of coronavirus, but at room temperature (23 ? C), the survival time of the virus in filtered water and unfiltered water was extended six times. Figures 1 and 2 show the survival of the three studied viruses in tap water at room temperature (23 ? C) and 4 ? C, respectively. Over time, the virus titer rose from the initial titer in 4 ? C water, which may be due to the virus's tendency to form aggregates and then break down, rather than due to virus replication in the sample.

WeChat image_20200211082816.jpg

Figure 1 Logarithmic reductions of three viruses in tap water after dechlorination and filtration at room temperature (23 ? C)

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Figure 2 The logarithmic reduction of the three viruses in tap water after dechlorination and filtration at 4 ? C (* represents unfiltered)

The presence of organic matter and suspended solids in the water can provide protection for viruses adsorbed on these particles, but at the same time, if these solids settle down, they can also become a mechanism for virus removal. From tap water to secondary effluent to primary effluent, the organic matter and suspended solids in the test water increased. Filtered tap water has a stronger effect on coronavirus inactivation than unfiltered tap water. In addition, HCoV survived longer in unfiltered primary effluent than after filtration. This suggests that higher solids content does provide protection for coronavirus in water. However, for PV-1, filtration has little effect on its survival in tap water. In primary effluent, PV-1 survives three times longer in filtered water than in unfiltered water. It is worth noting that between the time of addition to the wastewater and the time of immediate recovery (zero time point) for testing, the titer of the coronavirus was significantly reduced. After adding wastewater, the titer of the coronavirus dropped immediately by 99.9%, while the titer of PV-1 dropped by only 10%. This reduction may be due to the presence of solvents and detergents in the wastewater, which can destroy the virus envelope and eventually inactivate the virus. This may also indicate that coronaviruses are more likely to adsorb solids in wastewater than PV-1. The hydrophobicity of the virus envelope reduces the solubility of coronaviruses in water, thus increasing the likelihood that these viruses will adhere to solids. Wastewater samples must be filtered to prevent bacteria from contaminating the cell monolayer, which will remove particulate matter and any viruses associated with it. The presence of predatory microorganisms such as protozoa can increase the inactivation rate of viruses in water, as do proteases and nucleases (Gerba et al. 1978; John and Rose 2005). Compared with the secondary effluent, the primary effluent has higher bacteria and solids content. All three test viruses survived longer in unfiltered primary effluent than in unfiltered secondary effluent, although this was negligible for FIPV. This again shows that particulate matter-associated viruses in wastewater are protected from predation and inactivation. However, the coronavirus was below the minimum detection limit after 3 days, and PV-1 was still detectable after 21 days. The average log reduction results of the studied viruses in the wastewater are shown in Table 2.

WeChat image_20200211082905.jpg

in conclusion

The results of this study indicate that coronavirus is more temperature sensitive than PV-1 and that there is a considerable difference in the viability of PV-1 and coronavirus in wastewater. This may be partly because enveloped viruses are less stable in the environment than non-enveloped viruses. Coronaviruses die quickly in wastewater, reducing by 99.9% within 2 to 3 days, which is comparable to SARS-CoV survival data (Wang et al. 2005a, b). The survival time of the coronavirus in the primary effluent is only slightly longer than that in the secondary effluent, which may be due to the higher suspended solid content, which can prevent its inactivation. PV-1 survives much longer than the coronavirus, requiring 10 days for primary effluent and 5 days for secondary effluent to achieve a comparable inactivation rate to coronavirus. This study shows that coronaviruses spread less in the water environment than enteroviruses, because coronaviruses inactivate more rapidly in water and wastewater at ambient temperatures.



Original title: Survival of coronavirus in water and wastewater

 

[Sally Furniss]

The survival of PV-1 in tap water at 4 ? C is similar to that of coronavirus, but at room temperature (23 ? C), the survival time of the virus in filtered water and unfiltered water was extended six times

Samples were tested at 4 ? C . Waste water is often warmer and is being investigated as a heat source.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200204-what-is-the-most-sustainable-way-to-heat-homes
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/12/121211-sewage-heat-recovery/

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2020/0211/314557_2.html

Outbreak of New Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wenzhou City on February 11, 2020
2020-02-11 11:13:23 Source: Published by Wenzhou

(Original Title: Bulletin of New Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wenzhou City on February 11, 2020)

At 00:00 on February 10, 2020, Wenzhou reported 10 new cases of new coronavirus pneumonia confirmed cases and 21 new discharged cases. Among them: Among the newly confirmed cases, 1 was in Lucheng District, 4 in Yueqing City, 4 in Yongjia County, and 1 in Taishun County. Among the newly added cases, 2 were in Lucheng District, 1 in Ouhai District, and 3 were in Yueqing City. 10 cases in Ruian City, 2 cases in Yongjia County and 3 cases in Pingyang County.

As of 24:00 on February 10, Wenzhou City had reported a total of 474 confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia, 31 existing severe cases, and a total of 99 discharged patients. Among them: 64 confirmed cases in Lucheng District, 16 in Longwan District, 33 in Ouhai District, 5 in Dongtou District, 159 in Yueqing City, 71 in Ruian City, 50 in Yongjia County, 10 in Wencheng County, and Pingyang County 30 cases, 17 cases in Taishun County, 9 cases in Cangnan County, 8 cases in Longgang City, 1 case in Minjiangkou Industrial Agglomeration Area, and 1 case in Southern Zhejiang Industrial Agglomeration Area; Among the existing severe cases, 4 were in Lucheng District and Erhai District 3 cases, 14 cases in Yueqing City, 1 case in Ruian City, 6 cases in Yongjia County, 1 case in Pingyang County, 2 cases in Wencheng County; among the discharged patients, 12 cases were in Lucheng District, 4 cases were in Erhai District, 1 case was in Longwan District, and Yueqing City There were 26 cases, 39 cases in Ruian City, 9 cases in Yongjia County, 5 cases in Pingyang County, 1 case in Wencheng County, and 2 cases in Taishun County.

At present, a total of 11,719 close contacts have been tracked in the city, 6,185 medical observations have been lifted, and 5304 people are still receiving medical observations.

New cases:
Patient 1, male, 20 years old, now living in Lucheng District, has a history of confirmed cases of contact, cough symptoms on February 9th, now designated medical institutions isolation treatment.
Patient 2, male, 52 years old, currently living in Yueqing City, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, fever symptoms occurred on February 7, and is now undergoing isolation treatment at designated medical institutions.
Patient 3, male, 62 years old, currently living in Yueqing City, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, and had cough and sputum symptoms on February 8. He is now being treated in isolation at a designated medical institution.
Patient 4, male, 79 years old, currently living in Yueqing City, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, developed cough symptoms on January 28, and is now undergoing isolation treatment at designated medical institutions.
Patient 5, female, 51 years old, currently living in Yueqing City, has a history of confirmed cases of contact. CT showed pulmonary infection on February 10th, and is now being treated at a designated medical institution.
Patient 6, female, 61 years old, now living in Yongjia County, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, fever symptoms occurred on February 4, and is now undergoing isolation treatment at designated medical institutions.
Patient 7, male, 64 years old, now living in Yongjia County, has a history of confirmed cases of contact, cough symptoms on February 1st, and is now being treated at a designated medical institution.
Patient 8, male, 32 years old, currently living in Yongjia County, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, fever and cough symptoms appeared on January 25, and is now being treated at a designated medical institution.
Patient Nine, male, 72 years old, now living in Yongjia County, has a history of contact with confirmed cases, and had sore throat symptoms on February 5th. He is now being treated in isolation at a designated medical institution.
Patient ten, male, 52 years old, currently living in Taishun County, with a history of contact with confirmed cases, fever and cough symptoms on February 8th, now sent to a designated medical institution for isolation and treatment.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/zjnews/zjxw/202002/t20200211_11656062.shtml

Epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang Province on February 11, 2020
February 11, 2020 11:01:00 Source: Health Zhejiang

0 On February 10, 2020, at 04:00, Zhejiang Province reported 25 new confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia and 50 new discharged cases. among them:

Among the newly confirmed cases, there were 2 cases in Hangzhou, 2 in Ningbo, 10 in Wenzhou, 6 in Luzhou, 3 in Zhoushan, and 2 in Taizhou. Among the newly added cases, 7 were in Hangzhou and 3 were in Ningbo. There were 21 cases in Wenzhou, 2 in Huzhou, 2 in Jiaxing, 4 in Shaoxing, 1 in Jinhua, 2 in Shengzhou, and 8 in Taizhou.

As of 24:00 on February 10, Zhejiang Province had reported a total of 1117 confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia, 87 cases of severe cases (including 30 critical cases), and 250 cases of discharged patients (according to the latest national regulations, 1 case was discharged The location was adjusted from Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City to other provinces, so the cumulative number of discharged patients reported in our province today will be reduced by 1). among them:

Of the confirmed cases, 157 were in Hangzhou, 151 in Ningbo, 474 in Wenzhou, 10 in Huzhou, 40 in Jiaxing, 41 in Shaoxing, 53 in Jinhua, 21 in Luzhou, 10 in Zhoushan, and Taizhou. There were 143 cases in Lishui City and 17 cases in Lishui City. Among the severe cases, there were 16 in Hangzhou, 11 in Ningbo, 31 in Wenzhou, 1 in Huzhou, 6 in Jiaxing, 7 in Shaoxing, 4 in Jinhua, and Zhoushan. 1 case, 9 cases in Taizhou City, 1 case in Lishui City; among the discharged patients, there were 47 cases in Hangzhou, 18 cases in Ningbo, 99 cases in Wenzhou, 3 cases in Huzhou, 5 cases in Jiaxing, 12 cases in Shaoxing, and 16 in Jinhua. There were 5 cases in Luzhou City, 5 cases in Zhoushan City, 35 cases in Taizhou City, and 5 cases in Lishui City.

省 A total of 32,550 close contacts were tracked in the province. On the day, 2119 people were released from medical observation, and 12,624 people were still receiving medical observation.
Tags: Outbreak Editor: Sun Lu

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://sg.news.yahoo.com/chinas-virus-hit-hubei-dismisses-031117301.html

China's virus-hit Hubei dismisses provincial health commission party boss, director
[Reuters]
By David Stanway and Yilei Sun
Reuters10 February 2020

SHANGHAI/BEIJING (Reuters) - China's Hubei province, the epicentre of the coronavirus outbreak, has dismissed the Communist Party boss and a director of the provincial health commission amid widespread public criticism of the authorities handling of the epidemic.

China's anti-corruption body said Hubei health commission chief Zhang Jin and director Liu Yingzi had been sacked for unspecified reasons and their roles would be filled by Wang Hesheng, a member of the provincial committee of the Communist Party.

The central government in Beijing also urged members of the public to report any examples of dereliction of duty among local governments, and officials have been threatened with dismissal if they have been found to have shirked their responsibilities.

Dozens of low-level health officials across the country have also lost their jobs for failing to contain the spread of the epidemic, which emerged from an illegal wildlife market in Hubei's capital of Wuhan late last year and has claimed more than 1000 lives...

 

[kiwibird]

https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3874519

TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — The government of the Chinese city of Wuhan announced Tuesday (Feb. 11) that suspected coronavirus patients are not allowed to seek treatment outside of their local hospitals.

According to the health authorities in Wuhan, cross-region treatment is no longer legal for individuals displaying symptoms of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Despite the lack of medical resources and hospital beds, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) insists that patients stay in unoccupied buildings and makeshift shelters while they wait for their turn to be examined.

also
http://www.mychinanews.com/news/n/1/2415837

(Original title: Wuhan issued a notice: Fever patients should not seek medical treatment across districts according to the principle of nearest medical treatment)
Beijing News Express According to the official Weifang news released by Wuhan, in the early morning of the 11th, the Wuhan New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Command Circular (No. 11) was issued. The following is the full text:

Wuhan New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters Notice

(No. 11)

According to the relevant provisions of the "People's Republic of China Law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases", "Emergency Regulations on Public Health Emergencies" and "Interim Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia of New Coronavirus Infection in Wuhan" Observation of the isolation point, and efforts to curb the spread of the epidemic, are hereby notified about matters related to strengthening the management of sentinel outpatients at designated sites:

1. Fever patients (including non-Wuhan household registration personnel) strictly follow the principle of seeking medical treatment at the nearest place, and send out hot spots to the district where the current place of residence is located.

2. After sentinel diagnosis and diagnosis, fever patients with pneumonia need to be sent to the spot for observation, and sentinel for the spotted diagnosis; seeing beds cannot meet the needs, and the sentinel clinics will provide places nearby for observation.

Wuhan New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters

February 10, 2020

 

[kiwibird]

https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3874510

TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — People can now check to see if they have come into contact with those infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV0 via an app.

China on Saturday (Feb. 8) launched an app that can be used to see whether or not one had close contact with novel coronavirus patients, Xinhua reported. The app was developed by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHCPRC) and the China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETGC) (中國電子科技集團).

By simply entering their name and ID number, users are able to find out whether they had contact with confirmed or suspected cases in the past two weeks. NHCPRC pointed out that the phrase “having contact" with the infected means working with or sitting next to them.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/e...of-fever-cough-medicines-to-turn-out-infected

Coronavirus: Chinese cities ban sale of fever, cough medicines to turn out infected patient
Published
3 hours ago

At least three cities in China have resorted to banning the sale of fever and cough medicines to force people who are unwell to seek treatment at hospitals, where they could be tested for the coronavirus that has killed more than a thousand people in the country.

Hangzhou announced on Feb 7 that all retail pharmacies in the eastern Chinese city would not be allowed to sell 106 types of medicines that treat fever and cough with effect from the following day.

The list includes both Western and traditional Chinese medicines, especially those that contain codeine, ibuprofen and aspirin.

Local health official Shi Changyou told reporters that the emergency measure was put in place to control the virus outbreak in Hangzhou, home to 10 million people, the Voice Of West Lake radio news reported. The ban also extends to online platforms, such as AliHealth Pharmacy, a unit of China's biggest e-commerce company Alibaba Group Holding...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://suihua.dbw.cn/system/2020/02/11/058339750.shtml

Very toxic! 84 Disinfectant cannot be used together with medical alcohol!
Source: News Night Flight 2020-02-11 20:29:00 Font: Large Medium Small
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During the epidemic, disinfection has become a matter of great importance to millions of households. 84 disinfectant solutions, alcohol, etc. are more common disinfection supplies, but did you know that disinfection supplies should also be used scientifically? Improper use will harm health.

Recently, the Hangzhou Health and Health Commission issued a safety alert:

1. When each unit or family stores alcohol and 84 disinfectant, no matter the amount is large or small, remember not to store the two together, and they must be stored separately.

2, 84 disinfectant and alcohol should not be mixed. It may produce highly toxic gas after mixing. The human body is liable to infect the respiratory tract and lungs after inhalation, resulting in bronchitis and pulmonary edema. Excessive inhalation may cause cardiac arrest.

3.Please ask all units to quickly convey this information to everyone, especially the storage and use personnel, and effectively strengthen management and use to ensure safety!

84 disinfectant is corrosive

The main component of "84 disinfectant" is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and the main component of disinfection is available chlorine. In the 2012 "Hospital Disinfection Technical Specifications", the chlorine-containing disinfectant can kill all bacterial propagules including mycobacteria, viruses, Fungi and their spores and most bacterial spores.

84 disinfectant can be sterilized.The principle is that hypochlorite ions in the molecular formula have strong oxidizing properties, can oxidize bacteria and viruses, and oxidatively denature the protein of the virus, and chloride ions can also significantly change the osmotic pressure of bacteria and virions. Make it die.

84 disinfectant is also corrosive to human skin. It will have a slippery feeling after direct contact. This is corroded skin, so wear gloves and masks when using it, and dilute it according to the instructions. use.

70% -80% concentration is best

Alcohol is usually ethanol-based, which denatures viral proteins and dissolves lipid membranes. But it is not that the higher the concentration, the better. High-concentration ethanol has a high osmotic pressure and strong water absorption, which will quickly dehydrate and solidify the virus surface, forming a solid envelope, but preventing ethanol from continuing to enter the virus.

The national standard "Sanitary Standards for Ethanol Disinfectants" drafted by the Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010, the best concentration of ethanol for disinfection is 70% to 80%.

84 toxic mix of disinfectant and alcohol

However, 84 disinfectant + alcohol is not equal to double the effect.

Alcohol is a reducing substance. It burns in the air because it can react with oxygen. 84 disinfectant is strongly oxidizing, which is similar to oxygen, so alcohol can also react with it. In the course of this reaction, 84 disinfectant solution was reduced on the one hand, and lost its ability to be sterilized and disinfected. On the other hand, alcohol was oxidized, which was likely to cause combustion.

Ethanol and sodium hypochlorite will generate useless acetaldehyde. The generated acetaldehyde may be oxidized by excess sodium hypochlorite to acetic acid, and even chloroform reaction may occur to generate toxic organic chlorides.The chlorides are highly toxic and accidental Harmful by inhalation.

Therefore, 84 disinfectant solution and alcohol not only do not play a role in disinfection, but will damage health, and must not be mixed and used.

Daily disinfection is suitable for alcohol

Alcohol can be used for hand sanitization, skin disinfection, object surface disinfection, and thermometer soaking disinfection.

最好 It is best to use alcohol to disinfect mobile phones, because 84 disinfectant may damage most mobile phone films and mobile phone cases. Some places that are easier to reach, such as door handles and computer keyboards, can also be disinfected with alcohol.

The disinfection of the table depends on the specific material. If your table is made of glass or wood, it doesn't matter which one you use. If there is a plastic tablecloth on the table, then it is better to use alcohol. Using 84 disinfectant on the plastic tablecloth is easy to accelerate Ageing.

Floor and tile disinfection, alcohol and 84 disinfectant are okay.

Sterilize with alcohol and do not spray into the air

But it needs to be reminded that alcohol is not suitable for air disinfection, because it is not only ineffective, but also very dangerous. Because 75% alcohol contains water, its flash point (spark generated by contact between gas and fire source) is about 22 ? C, and its ignition point is also about 20 degrees. Therefore, medical alcohol must be kept away from open flames to avoid ignition by fire sources. Burn alcohol, not to spray into the air.

Do not spray directly on the body, it is best to wipe it. When you wipe the appliance with alcohol, you should wipe it off after power off, because static electricity can also cause fire.

84 Disinfectant cannot be used with toilet cleaner

84 Disinfectant cannot be placed with the toilet cleaner because the main component in the toilet cleaner is hydrochloric acid. It will produce chlorine gas when it meets the last time chloric acid. Chlorine gas is a highly toxic gas with a strong pungent odor. Will damage the respiratory tract.

In general, it is recommended to maintain air circulation when using disinfectants indoors, and ventilate after using disinfectants, otherwise no matter what kind of chemical residues are inhaled indoors and inhaled by people, it is harmful to the human body.

Edit: Liu Shen

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/xw/dfdt/202002/20200200024346.shtml

Funeral and Intervention Service Agencies in Anhui Province Take Various Measures and Do a Good Job in Epidemic Prevention and Control
Time: 2020-02-11 20:43 Source: Civil Affairs Department of Anhui Province
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At present, the prevention and control of new-type coronavirus pneumonia is in a critical period. The epidemic is an order, and prevention and control is a responsibility. The funeral and interment service agencies at all levels in Anhui Province have effectively improved their ideological and political positions, established a sound coordination mechanism for epidemic prevention and control, and strengthened Organize leadership and overall coordination, clarify the division of labor, compaction of responsibilities, and refine the prevention and control responsibilities to everyone, each post, and each link, ensure that awareness, leadership, measures, and responsibilities are in place to truly protect the soil Responsible, responsible for keeping the soil, responsible for keeping the soil.

Pay great attention to and strengthen leadership. The first is to establish a leading group for epidemic prevention and control. Funeral homes in various places strengthened the organization and leadership in a timely manner, and specifically divided groups for command and coordination, corpse transfer, corpse cremation, and disinfection, and clear division of responsibilities. The second is to strictly implement the watchkeeping system. Strictly implement the 24-hour on-duty and leader-on-duty system to ensure that tasks are on duty and responsibilities are met. The third is to organize documents to communicate and learn in a timely manner. Earnestly study the "Guidelines for the Disposal of Remains of Pneumonia Patients Infected by New Coronavirus (Trial)", and organize personnel responsible for the transportation of remains and cremation personnel to carry out the "Technical Specifications for Convergent Transportation of Remains", "Technical Specifications for Funeral Site Disinfection" "Technical Specifications for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria"

Clarify processes and organize drills. The first is to formulate emergency plans. In strict accordance with the "Guidelines for the Disposal of the Remains of Pneumonia Patients with New Coronavirus Infection (Trial)" issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Health Construction Commission and the Ministry of Public Security, in accordance with their own actual conditions, modify and improve the emergency plan, determine the responsible person, license plate number, cremator for each link Waiting for people, responsibilities and positioning. The second is to clarify the disposal process. According to the "Guidelines for the Disposal of Remains of Pneumonia Patients Infected by New Coronavirus (Trial)", the work procedures and division of responsibilities such as death report, epidemic prevention, formalities transfer, transfer of corpses, cremation of corpses, etc. are clarified. The third is to organize emergency drills. Based on the most stringent standards and measures, establish related work plans, effectively do safety emergency and health epidemic prevention work, and organize emergency drills for "cremation of dead bodies due to infection with new-type coronavirus pneumonia".

Strengthen management and prevent and control. The first is to suspend the farewell ceremony of the remains. Various places announced on the government website, WeChat public account and other media to suspend the farewell ceremony. Strictly control the number of bereavement and the number of bereavements entering the lobby to handle business, to reduce personnel density to the greatest extent, and at the same time use outdoor electronic screen scrolling playback, voice prompts and other methods to suspend business notifications and precautions for bereavement services. The second is to protect personnel. Through the unit's WeChat work group, cadres and workers will be provided with knowledge on the prevention and control of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. A meeting was held to organize all cadres and staff to learn about the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia. The third is to strictly implement the disinfection system. Organize personnel to clean the work area, and special persons are responsible for disinfection registration to ensure no dead ends. (According to the information of Anhui Provincial Department of Civil Affairs)

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.chinaqw.com/qx/2020/02-11/245481.shtml

71 outbreaks of clustering outbreaks occurred in Wenzhou, Zhejiang
February 11, 2020 20:50 Source: China News Network
The site of a press conference (13th session) for the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wenzhou, China Overseas.com. Photo by Zhao Yong
The scene of the press conference (13th session) of the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wenzhou. Photo by Zhao Yong

(Combating New Coronary Pneumonia) 71 cases of cluster epidemic occurred in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province

China News Network Wenzhou, February 11th (Reporter Pan Qinwen, trainee reporter Zhou Yuelei) On the 11th, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province held a press conference on the prevention and control of new-type coronavirus pneumonia (Thirteenth Session). The reporter learned from the conference that From the analysis of confirmed cases in the city, apart from imported cases, a considerable part of them were transmitted through cluster contact. As of February 10, a total of 71 epidemics had occurred in Wenzhou, involving 254 cases, accounting for 52.48% of the total number of confirmed cases in the city.

In a clustered epidemic caused by family and community transmission in Taishun County, the first case, Chen Moumou, developed the disease on January 27. Several days before and after the disease, he went to relatives and friends to visit and eat together, including a total of 5 people who were diagnosed successively. After the close contacts were concentrated and quarantined, another 6 were diagnosed. A total of 11 people were diagnosed in the clustered outbreak, of which 4 were family members and 7 were neighbors.

In the aggregate epidemic caused by the funeral in Yueqing, the imported case Lu Moumou and his wife returned to Yueqing from Wuhan to attend a friend's funeral on January 19, and the two were diagnosed as confirmed cases on February 3, while participating in another funeral. Five people have been diagnosed. A total of 7 people were diagnosed at the funeral.

In a cluster epidemic caused by a family dinner in Ruian City, the imported case Lin Moumou and his mother-in-law organized a family dinner after returning to Wuhan from Ruian. The two were diagnosed as confirmed cases on January 24, and three family members who participated in the dinner Has also been diagnosed. A total of 5 people were diagnosed in the clustered outbreak.

In the clustered epidemic caused by the wedding banquet in Yongjia County, the first case Gao attended a friend's wedding banquet in Oubei on January 18 and contacted the returnees from Wuhan. On January 29, he was diagnosed with a confirmed case and the other 4 people participated in the wedding banquet. Has also been diagnosed. A total of 5 people were diagnosed at the wedding, including 1 returnee from Wuhan.

The above four typical cases show that family dinners, wedding banquets, and community gatherings are still the main factors in the occurrence of cluster epidemics, as well as the focus and difficulties of epidemic prevention and control.

Wenzhou reminds the citizens once again to avoid going out, staying together, not gathering, not getting together, and starting work late, actively cooperate with the implementation of the requirements of epidemic prevention and control measures, and work together to stop the epidemic and defeat the virus; we must cherish the health of our families and others, and strictly prohibit people from playing cards Entertainment activities, wedding banquets and wedding ceremonies will be suspended, funerals will be simplified; gathering areas are particularly vulnerable to the spread of respiratory infectious diseases, try to avoid going to public places where people gather, and reduce the risk of cross infection; you can participate in spiritual and cultural life during your home.

It is reported that from 00:00 to 20:00 on February 10, Wenzhou reported 10 new confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia. As of 20:00 on February 10, the city had reported a total of 474 confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia, 31 existing severe cases, and a total of 99 discharged patients.

At present, a total of 11,719 close contacts have been tracked down in Wenzhou, 6,185 medical observations have been lifted, and 5304 people are still receiving medical observations.

On February 11, 7 cases were discharged from Wenzhou. As of 4 pm on the 11th, the city has discharged 106 cases. (Finish)

[Responsible editor: Hu Wenhui]
China Qiao WeChat public account entrance

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.kaixian.tv/gd/2020/0211/319012.html

Guarding "one old and one young" Focusing on special care in the epidemic
2020-02-11 20:49:10 Source: China News Network


Langzhong News Agency, Beijing, February 11th, Topic: Guarding "one old and one young" Focusing on special care in the epidemic

Author Zhang Su Li Jingze

"Information about children who are missing guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic should be reported immediately." A notice from the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs on the 11th was well received by the outside world. Under the new crown pneumonia epidemic, people gave "special care" to some groups during the "epidemic" war, so that "the widows, widows, loneliness, independence, and abandonment all have support."
On February 10th, the community of Xinshui Street, Jianghan District, Wuhan delivered dishes to the elderly in the area. Community staff put the dishes at the door and knocked on the door to remind the elderly that the dishes had been delivered. According to reports, during the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic of the new coronavirus infection, residents in the community with a disability requested to deliver food to their door, and the community will meet as much as possible. China News Agency reporter Zhang Chang Photo On February 10th, the community of Xinshui Street, Jianghan District, Wuhan delivered dishes to the elderly in the area. Community staff put the dishes at the door and reminded them that the dishes had been delivered. According to reports, during the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic of the new coronavirus infection, residents in the community with a disability requested to deliver food to their door, and the community will meet as much as possible. Photo by Zhang Chang of China News Agency

保护 Protect “One Old One and One Young” with Practical Measures

"One old and one young" are all people who are susceptible to new coronary pneumonia, and their safety is of great concern. As the elderly population is critically ill, the team led by Academician Zhong Nanshan of the Chinese Academy of Engineering issued guidelines for the elderly to prevent new types of coronavirus pneumonia, and made recommendations from sources of infection, routes of transmission, and susceptible populations.

In fact, China's National Committee of Health and Health has clearly stipulated in the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of New Coronaviruses (First Edition)" for the prevention and control of special persons such as the elderly and children. From the release of "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Elderly Care Institutions" and "Handbook of Maternal Prevention and Control of New Crown Virus", etc., to the holding of press conferences focusing on the protection of the elderly, pregnant women, and other special groups, officials have responded to external concerns.

In Shanghai, which maintains the record of the "oldest city" in mainland China, the community provides home-based home care services for elderly people who live alone and have mobility problems; in Hubei, where the epidemic is most severe, nearly 40 doctors jointly launch online public welfare clinics for pregnant women; Residents will give priority to living alone when giving free masks, and provide psychological crisis intervention services for children who have been quarantined ... Effective measures have been launched in various places to care for the "one old and one small".

"Under the epidemic, the risk of damage to vulnerable groups is higher than other groups. At this time, we should strengthen their protection and give special care to them according to their special requirements." Chang Jian, a professor at Zhou Enlai School of Government Management, Nankai University, accepted China New Zealand The reporter said in an interview.

On February 10, Zhu Yongping (middle), the director of the local hospital, examined an "outlook" child. 123 Hubei tourists who were detained in Kunming due to a new coronavirus-infected pneumonia epidemic were placed in Xiqiao Hot Spring Holiday Villa, Kunming. These tourists are currently undergoing normal medical tests. China News Agency reporter Kang Ping. On February 10, Zhu Yongping (middle), the president of the local health center, inspected a child who was "watching." 123 Hubei tourists who were detained in Kunming due to a new coronavirus-infected pneumonia epidemic were placed in Xiqiao Hot Spring Holiday Villa, Kunming. These tourists are currently undergoing normal medical tests. Photo by Kang Ping, China News Agency

Epidemic prevention and control should reflect "humanistic care"

Wu Changjian pointed out that not only should we pay attention to "one old and one young", but also the disabled, chronically ill, etc. are also the most vulnerable people in the epidemic. It is reported that a 17-year-old cerebral palsy patient in Huanggang, Hubei, died while his family was isolated. Chang Jian takes this as an example to say that when the epidemic situation comes, we must not neglect to care for them, "we must show humane care under the epidemic situation."

In order to prevent the tragedy from repeating itself, Beijing conducts real-time 24-hour phone calls for people with disabilities, and Fujian conducts investigations on nearly 20,000 disabled workers. Ningxia requires all kinds of rehabilitation institutions to establish information accounts for the needs of people with disabilities.

For patients with chronic diseases who are inconvenient to travel to and from the hospital, Suzhou issued a notice saying that “during outbreak prevention and control, for prescription patients with stable conditions in outpatient chronic diseases, the prescribed dosage of designated medical institutions in our city can be increased to 2 months.” Hangzhou allowed eligible patients The crowd entrusted relatives, friends, or community workers to medical institutions to dispense drugs for chronic diseases. There are also e-commerce platforms that offer "buy medicine without going out" services.

Starting on the 10th, the press conference of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council was equipped with simultaneous sign language translation services. Yang Yang, chairman of the China Deaf Association, said that through this detail, he truly felt that "the whole society cares about the disabled, and there is no shortage of them."

Support action should adhere to "people-oriented"

It should be pointed out that while relevant departments publicize information on the treatment of designated hospitals for special populations, and implement the "warm" action to help people in need to respond to demand, there are still disturbing news from time to time. For example, there are reports that local Hubei More than a hundred children with epilepsy are about to withdraw and need urgent help.

Wu Changjian believes that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese leadership has put the people at the top, insisted on developing for the people, relying on the people for development, and sharing development results with the people. From past experience, special groups are most vulnerable to major disasters and are also prone to “derived disasters”.

"In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we should take practical and effective measures to take care of special groups," he said. (Finish)

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://in.reuters.com/article/chin...ituation-in-city-remains-severe-idINKBN2051U1
China's Huanggang says virus situation in city remains severe
February 11, 2020 / 9:54 AM / Updated 29 minutes ago

BEIJING (Reuters) - China’s Huanggang city, one of the hardest hit by the coronavirus outbreak, is still facing a severe virus situation and a lack of medical supplies, its Communist Party boss said on Tuesday.

Huanggang is located in the central province of Hubei near to Wuhan, believed to be the epicentre of the outbreak. Huanggang has recorded the second highest number of deaths from the virus after Wuhan...

...Huanggang has recorded 2,332 confirmed cases and 52 deaths as of midnight on Feb 10, he added.

 

[kiwibird]

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/soci...ed-coronavirus

At least 500 Wuhan medical staff infected with coronavirus

• Medical sources in the city confirm rate of infection, but say they have been told not to release the full picture to the public
• So far three deaths among medical workers have been confirmed, including that of Li Wenliang, but higher rate of infection risks hampering fight to curb disease

...
It said that by mid-January there had been about 500 confirmed cases among hospital staff with a further 600 suspected ones.

 

[sharon sanders]

National government notice giving guidelines for children who have no parents or other custodians due to the 2019nCov coronavirus outbreak. So sad to read.

For all those officials/experts who keep comparing this illness to the seasonal flu - This article is for you.


Notice on Doing a Good Job of Assisting and Protecting Children Who Are Lack of Guardianship Due to the Impact of the New Coronary Pneumonia Epidemic
Min Dian [2020] No. 19

Provinces, autonomous regions, municipal administrations (bureaus), municipal administrations, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps civil administrations:

In order to thoroughly study and implement the important directive spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's epidemic prevention and control of new-type coronavirus pneumonia, fully implement the Party Central Committee and the State Council's decision-making and deployment of epidemic prevention and control work, and follow the national civil affairs system's epidemic prevention and control work television and telephone The meeting requested that the notice to strengthen the rescue and protection of children who have lost guardianship due to the impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic is as follows:

The first is to find reports in a timely manner. Children's supervisors and children's directors should be instructed in the unified deployment of township (street) and village (resident) committees to promptly discover children (including parents or other guardians who have confirmed infection, suspected infection, or Segregated observation, parents or other guardians due to the needs of epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic work, and other children who cannot fully fulfill their responsibilities for upbringing and guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic), and report the relevant information to the village (resident) committee, township (street) in the first place, Coordinate and resolve issues in a timely manner or report difficulties.

The second is to sort out temporary care. According to the situation of children and their families who are lack of guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic, different situations should be distinguished and temporary care services should be classified and done well. For children who have a history of close contact with the patient and whose physical condition is unknown, follow up to understand the situation during the isolated medical observation or diagnosis at the designated place. For children who have been confirmed to be non-infected or have passed the observation period and their custody responsibilities have not been fulfilled or are difficult to implement temporarily, the local civil affairs department shall coordinate the township (street) and village (resident) people's committees to implement temporary care, provide care services, or be provided by the civil affairs department Undertake temporary custody responsibility.

The third is to strengthen rescue guarantee. Strengthen the assistance and protection work for children lacking guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic, and guide localities to include it in the scope of assistance protection in a timely manner. For those who meet the requirements, timely implement social assistance policies such as temporary assistance and protection policies for children in distress to ensure that they have the right life. During the epidemic prevention and control period, if the conditions for the application of de facto unsupported children, orphans, or other children in distress are met, the streamlined examination and approval procedures shall be optimized, and relevant certificates shall be provided by remote means. Personal commitments may also be used for advance protection. Other procedures may be completed after the epidemic situation ends Make up later, and approve and approve within the month.

The fourth is to open a rescue and protection hotline. All localities should rely on prefecture-level minors' assistance and protection agencies and other means to open childcare protection hotlines for the lack of guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic and announce them to the society, respond to relevant clues in a timely manner, and provide temporary care consultation, referral services, case tracking, resources Links etc. work. The prefecture-level juvenile rescue and protection agencies should strengthen the linkage with county-level juvenile rescue and protection agencies, extend their service reach, improve service levels, and effectively do a good job in the rescue and protection work.

Local civil affairs departments at all levels must rely on local joint prevention and control mechanisms to give full play to the role of the leadership coordination mechanism for care and protection of rural left-behind children and the protection of children in distress, strengthen communication and collaboration between departments, ensure the smooth flow of information, and ensure that urgent issues are addressed in the first place To help children and their families who have lost their guardianship due to the impact of the epidemic to survive the crisis.

General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs

February 11, 2020


http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/...nt_5477309.htm

 

[Pathfinder]

Translation Google

Experts: the possibility of blood-borne transmission of new crown virus

2020 at 21:58 on February 11 from Caixin

An expert studying the transfusion of viruses told Caixin reporters that viruses that can cause viremia can theoretically be transmitted through blood.

[Caixin.com] (Reporter Xu Luyi) Whether the new crown virus can be transmitted through blood is a cause for concern. On February 10, the National Health and Medical Commission issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Safeguarding Blood Supply during the New Coronary Pneumonia Epidemic Period", saying that "Although there is no evidence that the disease may be transmitted through blood and blood, but ... for Blood donors with an epidemiological history should advise them to suspend blood donation for 4 weeks. "

Caixin reporter noticed that in several editions of the National Health and Health Commission's several editions of the "Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Infected with New Crown Virus", the fourth edition of "Laboratory Examination" was changed to "in the throat swab, sputum, lower respiratory tract secretions, blood "New types of coronavirus nucleic acids can be detected in other specimens", and blood nucleic acid detection has been added, that is, by detecting the presence of viral nucleic acids in the blood, the presence or absence of pathogen infection is diagnosed.

An expert who studies the transfusion transmission of the virus told Caixin reporter that the viruses that can cause viremia can theoretically be transmitted through the blood, especially at the stage when the virus replicates and proliferates in the early stages of infection.

According to the definition in the book "Sheris Medical Microbiology", viremia is a medical condition in which a virus enters the bloodstream and then into other parts of the body. Symptoms usually last 4-5 days, and the virus can spread to other organs with target cells along with blood circulation. A clinician told Caixin reporter that the detection of a virus-positive virus in his blood was a sign of viremia.

The SARS virus, which has a "close relative" relationship with the coronavirus, is thought to have the potential to spread through the blood. SARS coronavirus has been detected in blood, feces, urine, and respiratory secretions from patients with SARS. In May 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a recommendation that, although no case of SARS transmission through blood has been found, in theory "there are blood products (including whole blood, red blood cells, platelets, Cells, fresh frozen plasma, etc.) risk of transmitting the SARS virus. " The reason for this judgment is based on the fact that hypoviremia can still be detected about 10 days after the clinical diagnosis of patients with suspected SARS. At that time, the recommendations given by the WHO also mentioned that the blood transfusion service center can require blood donors to report whether they have been diagnosed with a suspected SARS case within 1 month after the blood donation. If so, the blood transfusion service center can recall unused blood. product.

A research team composed of scholars from the Beijing Institute of Genomics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Beijing 301 Hospital has conducted research on 376 blood specimens of 135 SARS patients at different periods (including patients in the early recovery period). ) The results showed that viremia caused by SARS coronavirus mainly appeared 1 week after the onset, and gradually decreased after 1 month. No SARS coronavirus nucleic acid positive was detected in the blood samples of patients during recovery. In the most severe cases of viremia, RNA from SARS coronavirus can be detected in blood samples from 75% of clinically diagnosed SARS patients. Fortunately, the American Blood Bank Association's (AABB) supplementary materials for SARS in 2009 showed that, of all confirmed SARS cases, there were no cases of blood-borne infections.

According to previous research published by the Shizhengli Laboratory of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the new crown virus, like SARS coronavirus, binds the virus's spike protein (S protein) to the ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) receptor on the cell surface Infected cells. A study published in the Journal of Pathology in 2004 showed that in addition to lung tissue, ACE2 receptors are also expressed in other tissues such as the small intestine.

Blood-borne viruses are HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. These viruses can persist in the human blood for a long time. Other viruses appear briefly in human blood, such as Zika virus and dengue fever. In theory, any infectious factor that can be present in the blood has the potential for blood transmission.

The aforementioned experts told Caixin reporters that self-limiting viruses such as new coronaviruses and influenza viruses will reproduce and proliferate in large numbers when they are infected. There may be more viruses in the blood, and there will be blood transmission through blood transfusions or shared needles. After the virus is almost cleared, there is almost no virus in the blood, and there is no way for blood to spread. Among viral diseases, some are self-limiting infections. After the disease develops to a certain degree, as the virus in the body is removed, the body's regulation can control the development of the disease and gradually recover.

In addition, at the press conference of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council on February 7, Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Peking University First Hospital, responded to previous cases of neonatal coronavirus infection in newborns born 30 hours ago, prompting The potential relationship between viral load and mother-to-child transmission. He said that the current case-related data were insufficient, and the maternal secretions had contact with the newborn during childbirth, and the initial judgment was contact transmission. Moreover, the positive rate of nucleic acid detection in maternal blood is not high. If it is transmitted through the placental barrier such as mother-to-child transmission, the amount of virus in the blood may be high to cause vertical transmission, and further research is needed.

http://science.caixin.com/2020-02-11/101514261.html

 

[Pathfinder]

Translation google

Experts: 15 seconds of exposure to the virus is entirely possible

February 11, 2020 19:06Source:First Financial


Summary

[Expert: Transmission within 15 seconds is completely possible] Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that the virus is generally highly contagious, and transmission within 15 seconds is completely possible of. If there is no protection and the amount of local virus is very high, it does not depend on how long it takes. In a word, the droplets may arrive and you will be infected. Not to mention 15 seconds, 2 seconds can also cause infection, so protection is important. (One fortune)
　　
Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that the virus is relatively infectious in general. It is completely possible for 15 seconds to cause transmission. If there is no protection and the amount of local virus is very high, it does not depend on how long it takes. In a word, the droplets may arrive and you will be infected. Not to mention 15 seconds, 2 seconds can also cause infection, so protection is important.
...

Wang Guiqiang is the director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University and the chairman of the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, he was a national medical expert and was assigned by the National Health Commission to guide the treatment of critically ill patients in Anhui and other places. He also participated in the revision of the fifth version of the new crown pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program and represented the expert group. State Council press conference on joint prevention and control mechanism.

Infection within 15 seconds of exposure indicates that neo-coronary pneumonia is particularly contagious? Why do mild patients die suddenly? Why are "false negatives" frequent in nucleic acid testing? On these issues, a reporter from Xinhua News Agency interviewed Director Wang Guiqiang on February 10 and come to understand it together!


Question: The recent example of 15-second exposure caused infection with the new crown virus, does it indicate that new crown pneumonia is particularly contagious?

Wang Guiqiang: Generally speaking, the virus is relatively contagious. It is completely possible for 15 seconds to cause transmission. If there is no protection and the amount of local virus is very high, it does not depend on how long it takes. In a word, the droplets may arrive and you will be infected. Not to mention 15 seconds, 2 seconds can also cause infection, so protection is important.

Q: What is aerosol transmission and what are the specific conditions?

Wang Guiqiang: Visually speaking, aerosol is equivalent to the sunlight. You can see the small dust floating in the room, which is the feeling. Therefore, aerosol transmission is a very important mode of transmission in respiratory infectious diseases. However, there are certain conditions for aerosol transmission, which is not to say that all places where aerosol is transmitted.

The size of the environment is important, and the density of the virus per unit volume is decisive. For example, if the virus floats in the atmosphere and the outdoor environment, the probability of infection is extremely low, so we emphasize that these places generally do not cause infection in the outdoor and on the street. If in a small environment, such as the laboratory space where animal experiments are cultivated, including the space where nucleic acid testing is now performed, aerosols may float in the air, and poor protection may cause transmission.

In certain work environments, air circulation can also create transmission risks. For example, the office is not ventilated. Several people have worked in it. Although this office is no longer used and no one is there, there may still be aerosols. After entering, it may be infected without protection.

The environment inside the elevator is also high risk. In this case, it is recommended that you take good precautions. We always recommend wearing a mask in a small, unventilated area, which is itself a protective measure against aerosol transmission. Currently, this measure is effective for aerosol protection.

Q: Why are some patients critically ill, while others can heal at home?

Wang Guiqiang: The same virus infected patients, some are light, some are ordinary, and some are heavy, which is closely related to the individual's immune status. At present, patients with a higher mortality rate of new coronary pneumonia are mainly the elderly and those with underlying diseases. The reason is that the elderly are less resistant and the immune status is not so good; patients with underlying disease may worsen the underlying disease during the infection of new coronary pneumonia. For example, patients with chronic bronchitis and viral infections will develop secondary bacterial infections, and their condition will easily deteriorate.

Q: Why did someone with mild illness suddenly die?

Wang Guiqiang: Immunity is a double-edged sword. When the body's immune activation attempts to remove foreign pathogenic microorganisms, it will cause the body's own damage. If the amount of virus is large and the immunity is strong, there will be a more severe local struggle, which will cause local inflammation and cell damage, which is the so-called inflammatory factor storm. At this time, the condition may worsen. Therefore, sometimes the stronger the immunity, the more severe the disease and the faster the progress.

We mentioned in the diagnosis and treatment plan that there are conditions to do cytokine testing. If there is an obvious inflammatory factor storm and a large number of inflammatory factors are released, do not let it have an overly strong response. Drugs such as hormones and gamma globulin can be used to solve the inflammatory factor storm, or reduce inflammatory factors through blood purification and plasma exchange. . An inflammatory response after infection is inevitable. This is a normal immune process, but an excessively strong immune response will cause greater harm to the body. We hope to have some control and some suppression.

Q: What is the significance of building a "square cabin hospital" in Wuhan?

Wang Guiqiang: "Fangcai Hospital" is a very good means in the current emergency situation, mainly used for the centralized treatment of light confirmed cases. These patients do not need to be treated systematically in large hospitals and general hospitals, saving their beds for people who may become heavier, which can further reduce the mortality rate; at the same time, it can also solve the problem of lightly diagnosed cases requiring isolation and care. Some light cases may be converted into ordinary or even heavy ones. In the "square cabin hospital", it is helpful to promptly identify these patients and transfer them to the hospital in time, so it is also equivalent to a transfer station. At this stage, the "square cabin hospital" is of great significance, and has achieved the purpose of isolating patients, timely screening patients, and performing triage.

Q: What should we do in the face of a suspected case?

Wang Guiqiang: All suspected cases should be quarantined and treated at designated medical institutions. The diagnosis and treatment plan is written like this. I hope everyone will implement them. If this is not done, it will be responsible for causing the spread. Pay special attention to people from Hubei, because there is indeed a risk of transmission. This is not discrimination. From the perspective of infectious disease control, special attention must be paid to this group.

Q: Why do “false negatives” occur frequently in nucleic acid testing?

Wang Guiqiang: The first factor is the sensitivity of the detection technology, which is the detection technology itself. The first is whether the specificity and sensitivity of the detection method are good enough; the second is whether the operation process is very standardized and the specimen collection is also very knowledgeable. Therefore, in the fifth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan, we proposed to change to a nasopharyngeal swab, which was originally just a throat swab. At present, from the perspective of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, the detection rate of nasopharyngeal swabs is higher, including the first and second stream, which are mainly detected by nasopharyngeal swabs.

The second factor is the disease itself. Coronary pneumonia is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract. Most of the virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, so the amount of virus in the upper respiratory tract may be relatively large. After the disease progresses to a certain degree, it mainly infects the lungs, and a large number of viruses reproduce and release in the lungs, causing lung inflammation. At this time, the amount of virus in the upper respiratory tract may be less, because the respiratory mucosa itself has a certain immune state, natural immunity works, and the upper respiratory tract test may be negative. At this time, the detection rate of the lower respiratory tract specimen must be high. However, when you have just gotten sick, the lower respiratory tract may not be detected. You must wait for pneumonia, cough, and sputum, and its positive rate must be high. This is determined by the characteristics of the disease itself.

Question: What are the practical needs of the grassroots in terms of diagnosis and treatment technology?

Wang Guiqiang: Nucleic acid diagnosis is now widely used, and the supply of kits is sufficient. At the grassroots level, objectively speaking, the PCR polymerase chain reaction technology still has bottlenecks. It requires a PCR laboratory and a certain level of protection. Therefore, at the grassroots level, development may be difficult. Some patients at the grassroots level cannot perform effective nucleic acid screening, which may affect the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Simple and easy rapid diagnosis technology is a top priority, and the Ministry of Science and Technology has set up a project to promote this work.

Q: How is the current development of antiviral drugs? Are there any specific drugs?

Wang Guiqiang: At present, there are no data on these drugs, and the case report can't draw conclusions. It can only be said that they see better signs, including Redecive and Cleeve. The fifth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan still says that there are no exact antiviral treatment drugs at present. The drugs that can be applied are interferon spray and clitoris. There are still many drugs under study, such as Abidol, these are being researched and explored. There is no conclusion yet.

Q: How will the peak of the return trip affect the epidemic?

Wang Guiqiang: There may be a small fluctuation in the epidemic at the peak of the return trip. Some cases are not well screened. He may have been infected and become a hidden source of infection, but this part of the population is small. Although there may be a change in the epidemic situation after the peak of the return trip, or it may fluctuate or increase, if the prevention and control is not relaxed, the epidemic peak will not occur.

Q: After you return to work, what issues should you pay attention to when eating?

Wang Guiqiang: No one can say that takeaway is 100% safe, but overall the probability of causing disease transmission is very low. However, special attention should also be paid. It is recommended not to take it out at home when taking out food. Wear a mask and go outside to take it out. Throw the packaging directly into the trash can and do not bring it back to the room. After entering the house, wash your hands, then take the meals inside, and then wash your hands and eat.

Try to keep your distance when you eat, and do n’t want a group of people to eat and chat in the house. It's best to eat your own, don't talk, and finish eating quickly. Because you must take off your mask when eating, be sure to keep a distance of more than one meter.

Q: When will the inflection point of the epidemic arrive?

Wang Guiqiang: The turning point of the epidemic needs to be viewed from two aspects. On the one hand, whether the patient mobility in Wuhan and Hubei is well controlled is the first. On the other hand, patients in other provinces are not effectively diagnosed and isolated in time. If both are well done, I think we will soon see the so-called inflection point. At present, the overall incidence has a downward trend, and the increase is not so great, but it cannot be said that the inflection point has come. It can be said that this is a good phenomenon, indicating that prevention and control efforts in various places are increasing.

Question: How to understand the significance of medical personnel from all over the country helping Hubei?

Wang Guiqiang: It is incumbent on doctors to rush on the front line in the face of the epidemic. There is no reason to shirk it, especially for infection doctors. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my colleagues in the National Infectious Diseases Department, and hope that you will protect yourself. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)　　

(Article source: China Business News)

http://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202002111380111295.html

 

[Treyfish]

Comprehensive investigation of Huanggang in Hubei found 13,000 fever patients
2020-02-11 22 : 56 : 17Source : Xinhuanet
　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, February 11 (Reporter Le Wenwan, Liang Jianqiang) Liu Xuerong, secretary of the Huanggang Municipal Party Committee of Hubei Province, said at a routine press conference on the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in Hubei on the 11th that Huanggang has identified 13,000 fever patients.

　　According to Liu Xuerong, Huanggang carried out comprehensive investigations, including 17.486 million person-times in village communities, 45,000 person-times in public places, 1.034 million person-times in checkpoints, and 1.907 million person-times in enterprises and institutions...:tiphat:http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2020-02/11/c_1125561297.htm

 

[Treyfish]

[h=1]City issues new notice on virus prevention measures[/h] Yang Meiping
16:39 UTC+8, 2020-02-11
The Shanghai government released on Tuesday a new notification on further measures to fight the coronavirus.

Shanghai will continue to enhance control of entry points into the city, including airports, railway stations and all roads and waterways. All people entering Shanghai should have their temperatures checked and disclose relevant information. Those from key areas affected by the epidemic will be isolated for quarantine, while those from other areas should report their information to the communities where they live and their employers should also report their information to relevant authorities. Those without residence or work will be asked to return to their hometowns and delay their visits to Shanghai temporarily.

District and town governments are asked to enhance efforts in epidemic control and integrate all forces, including neighborhood committees and residents. Administration committees of neighborhood and villages are asked to further improve their work to guard entrances into Shanghai, carry out door-to-door investigations to record information and health condition of residents and ensure that people from key areas remain under quarantine.

Neighborhood and village committees, as well as property management companies, are asked to control the number of entrances and exits to a reasonable size and set up checkpoints to take temperatures of all people entering and register their information. Parcels and take-away food should be dropped at designated points where buyers can pick them up by themselves without contact with delivery personnel.

People from key affected areas must go through 14 days of quarantine. Those who develop a fever should be screened for possible infection at fever clinics. Those who should undergo quarantine but refuse to do so will be held accountable in accordance with the law....:tiphat:https://www.shine.cn/news/metro/2002111776/