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Child dies of suspected rabies (?), other suspected cases in family, possible human-to-human transmission

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Senior Moderator
There's a lot wrong or inconsistent with this report. The time from the human bites to the illness in the family members appears very short. Rabies in India is universally fatal (so far), so it would not be correct to blame the "quack" for the death of the child. And as the moderator notes below, two different onset dates (3 days after the dog bite in January, and in June) are given for the child. People don't live for 6 months after symptoms of rabies develop.

I'm not sure the error in this report is not the diagnosis; perhaps "rabies" is simply the wrong disease?

Published Date: 2013-07-06 21:20:24
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies - India (06): (MP) canine, human-to-human transmission susp.
Archive Number: 20130706.1810755

RABIES - INDIA (06): (MADHYA PRADESH): CANINE, HUMAN-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION SUSPECTED
************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Fri 5 Jul 2013
Source: Bhaskar News [edited]
http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP...d-in-ujjain-battles-for-life-4311555-NOR.html


After being bitten by a 6-year-old rabid boy, 5 members of a family are battling for their lives. The boy was attacked by a dog in January [2013] in Agar Road in Ujjain [Madhya Pradesh state]. The rabies-affected dog died a day after biting the boy. According to family members, the 6-year-old boy developed rabies and bit 5 of them before his death in June [2013]. His uncle is said to have developed symptoms of rabies.

According to a source, he [the boy] died because he was treated by a quack. The boy developed symptoms of rabies 3 days after the dog bit him. He was rushed to MY Hospital when his condition became worse. However, the doctors refused to treat him because he was very critical.

The boy had bitten his father, mother, grandmother and an uncle and aunt before his death. The boy's aunt said, "We all received rabies inoculations after the boy's death. But my brother fell sick and we think he is also affected by rabies now. I don't know if anybody else in the family has developed rabies or not."

--
Communicated by:
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[An unusual account of suspected transmission of rabies from a 6-year-old boy to a family member (by bite) despite timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis to all family members bitten by the sick child. The story lacks independent corroboration, and time frames are confusing. In particular, it was not unequivocally confirmed that the boy actually died as a result of rabies virus infection. The diagnosis seems to be based on the biting behavior of the sick child before his death. Likewise it has not been established that the boy's sick uncle has actually contracted rabies virus infection. Further information is awaited.

Ujjain is an ancient city in Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River, today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain). - Mod.CP
 
Re: Child dies of suspected rabies (?), other suspected cases in family, possible human-to-human transmission

Very unusual. Here is a very similar report from elsewhere in India, and the timing is just as inconsistent as the first report:

Published Date: 2013-07-08 19:57:30
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies - India (07): (PB) canine, human-to-human transmission susp.
Archive Number: 20130708.1813278

RABIES - INDIA (07): (PUNJAB), CANINE, HUMAN-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION SUSPECTED
****************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Sun 7 Jul 2013
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiat.../40420822_1_stray-dog-patient-dog-bite-victim


In a unique case of its kind, a person from the CMCH [Christian Medical College & Hospital] area "bitten by a street dog" got rabid and started running after other patients to bite them at the Civil Hospital, where he was undergoing treatment. The patient was, meanwhile, referred to Rajindra Hospital in Patiala after he was confirmed to be suffering from rabies.

Dr Avinash Jindal, specialist physician who treated the patient at Civil Hospital, said: "The patient was brought to our hospital yesterday [Fri 6 Jul 2013] to the emergency department after he got aggressive. He was 1st checked by the psychiatrist as he reported severe aggression symptoms. This morning [7 Jul 2013], while we were checking him, he got more aggressive and started running after people there. He, in fact, bit a 25-year-old patient at the hospital. When I took his history, his attendant told me that he was bitten by a stray dog about 10 days ago. Suspecting him to be suffering from hydrophobia [rabies], we did a simple test and brought water in front of the patient. He got convulsions and suffered from laryngeal spasms, thus confirming that he indeed is suffering from rabies. I later gave him antibiotics and anti-convalescents." [sic, possibly a misprint for anticonvulsants -- Mod.JW] [Rabies is a virus infection and unlikely to respond to treatment with antibiotics, and less so to "anti-convalescents". - Mod.CP]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[This press report bears close similarities to a report from Ujjain [Madhya Pradesh state] reproduced previously in ProMED-mail (Rabies - India (06): (MP) canine, human-to-human transmission susp. 20130706.1810755).

Both reports describe victims exhibiting rabies-like symptoms following a dog bite and in turn transmitting rabies by bite to other human victims. Neither incident has been corroborated independently. Likewise, rabies virus infection has not been confirmed by laboratory diagnostics in the case of either of the dogs responsible for the initial bites, or the initial human victims, or the hospitalised patients reputed to have been bitten by the supposedly rabid humans. Transmission of rabies from one human to another by bite, although not impossible, is unlikely, and, according to the US CDC, has not happened (http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/exposure.html).

Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1 613 878 as per census 2011. The population increases substantially during the harvesting season due to the migration of labourers from eastern states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and Delhi. It has an area of about 3787 square km. - Mod.CP
 
Re: Child dies of suspected rabies (?), other suspected cases in family, possible human-to-human transmission

The rapid onset of rabies could be related to a deep animal bite or near the head or neck, if confirmed by brain hystopatology.

The putative secondary case(s) may be an exceptionally rare event but without a detailed timeline of events and anatomo-pathological findings from brain samples it will not be possible to definitely take this as a proof of human-to-human transmission...
 
Re: Child dies of suspected rabies (?), other suspected cases in family, possible human-to-human transmission

I don't think these are actually rabies cases. I think something else is being mistaken for rabies here, especially since rabies is so common in parts of India. No testing at all has been done (as far as reported) in the first incident, and the only "test" done in the second case (giving the patient a class of water) isn't exactly scientific. Indian doctors would know not to give antibiotics to rabies patients.

The original source for the second report actually has an additional paragraph that was omitted from the ProMED report:

Adds Dr Gurmeet Singh, officiating senior medical officer at the hospital: "The patient has been referred to Rajindra Hospital in Patiala, where he will undergo further treatment." Meanwhile, Gurdeep Kaur, wife of Gurdiyal, said: "He started behaving aggressively a few days after the stray dog bit him. The authorities at the Civil Hospital didn"t do any tests, and instead straightaway referred my husband to a hospital in Patiala."
 
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