tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2014 Dec 24. pii: JVI.03421-14. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Chicken and duck myotubes are highly susceptible and permissive to influenza virus infection.[/h] Baquero-Perez B[SUP]1[/SUP], Kuchipudi SV[SUP]1[/SUP], Ho J[SUP]1[/SUP], Sebastian S[SUP]1[/SUP], Puranik A[SUP]2[/SUP], Howard W[SUP]2[/SUP], Brookes SM[SUP]2[/SUP], Brown IH[SUP]2[/SUP], Chang K[SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Skeletal muscle at 30 to 40% of body mass is the most abundant soft tissue in the body. Besides its primary function in movement and posture, skeletal muscle is a significant innate immune organ with the capacity to produce cytokines and chemokines, and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Little is known about the role of skeletal muscle during systemic influenza A virus infection in any host and in particular avian species. Here we used primary chicken and duck multinucleated myotubes to examine their susceptibility and innate immune response to influenza virus infections. Both chicken and duck myotubes expressed avian and human sialic acid receptors, and were readily susceptible to low (H2N3 A/mallard duck/England/7277/06) and high (H5N1 A/turkey/England/50-92/91 and H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/05) pathogenicity avian, and human H1N1 (A/USSR/77) influenza viruses. Both avian host species produced comparable levels of progeny H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 virus. Notably, the rapid accumulation of viral nucleoprotein and matrix (M) gene RNA in chicken and duck myotubes, was accompanied by extensive cytopathic damage with marked myotube apoptosis (widespread microscopic blebs, caspase 3/7 activation and annexin-V binding at plasma membrane). Infected chicken myotubes produced significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines than corresponding duck cells. Additionally, in chicken myotubes infected with H5N1 viruses, induction of interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-inducible genes, including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5), was relatively weak in contrast to corresponding H2N3 virus infection. Our findings highlight avian skeletal muscle fibres as capable of productive influenza virus replication and a potential tissue source of infection.
[h=4]IMPORTANCE:[/h] Infection with high pathogenicity H5N1 viruses in ducks is often asymptomatic and skeletal muscle from such birds could be a source of infection to humans and animals. Little is known about the ability of influenza A viruses to replicate in avian skeletal muscle fibres. We show here that cultured chicken and duck myotubes were highly susceptible to infection with both low and high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Infected myotubes of both avian species displayed rapid virus accumulation, apoptosis and extensive cellular damage. Our results indicate that avian skeletal muscle fibres of chicken and duck could be significant contributors to progeny production of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses.
Copyright ? 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 25540384 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540384
[h=1]Chicken and duck myotubes are highly susceptible and permissive to influenza virus infection.[/h] Baquero-Perez B[SUP]1[/SUP], Kuchipudi SV[SUP]1[/SUP], Ho J[SUP]1[/SUP], Sebastian S[SUP]1[/SUP], Puranik A[SUP]2[/SUP], Howard W[SUP]2[/SUP], Brookes SM[SUP]2[/SUP], Brown IH[SUP]2[/SUP], Chang K[SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Skeletal muscle at 30 to 40% of body mass is the most abundant soft tissue in the body. Besides its primary function in movement and posture, skeletal muscle is a significant innate immune organ with the capacity to produce cytokines and chemokines, and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Little is known about the role of skeletal muscle during systemic influenza A virus infection in any host and in particular avian species. Here we used primary chicken and duck multinucleated myotubes to examine their susceptibility and innate immune response to influenza virus infections. Both chicken and duck myotubes expressed avian and human sialic acid receptors, and were readily susceptible to low (H2N3 A/mallard duck/England/7277/06) and high (H5N1 A/turkey/England/50-92/91 and H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/05) pathogenicity avian, and human H1N1 (A/USSR/77) influenza viruses. Both avian host species produced comparable levels of progeny H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 virus. Notably, the rapid accumulation of viral nucleoprotein and matrix (M) gene RNA in chicken and duck myotubes, was accompanied by extensive cytopathic damage with marked myotube apoptosis (widespread microscopic blebs, caspase 3/7 activation and annexin-V binding at plasma membrane). Infected chicken myotubes produced significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines than corresponding duck cells. Additionally, in chicken myotubes infected with H5N1 viruses, induction of interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-inducible genes, including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5), was relatively weak in contrast to corresponding H2N3 virus infection. Our findings highlight avian skeletal muscle fibres as capable of productive influenza virus replication and a potential tissue source of infection.
[h=4]IMPORTANCE:[/h] Infection with high pathogenicity H5N1 viruses in ducks is often asymptomatic and skeletal muscle from such birds could be a source of infection to humans and animals. Little is known about the ability of influenza A viruses to replicate in avian skeletal muscle fibres. We show here that cultured chicken and duck myotubes were highly susceptible to infection with both low and high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Infected myotubes of both avian species displayed rapid virus accumulation, apoptosis and extensive cellular damage. Our results indicate that avian skeletal muscle fibres of chicken and duck could be significant contributors to progeny production of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses.
Copyright ? 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 25540384 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540384