Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: Chest, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
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Immunobiology of Influenza Vaccines
Margarita M. Gomez Lorenzo, MD; Matthew J. Fenton, PhD
Author and Funding Information: From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Correspondence to: Margarita M. Gomez Lorenzo, MD, Asthma, Allergy, and Airway Biology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 6610 Rockledge Dr, Room 6508, Mail Stop 6601, Bethesda, MD 20892-6601; e-mail:gomezmm@niaid.nih.gov
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. See online for more details.
CHEST. February 2013;143(2):502-510. doi:10.1378/chest.12-1711 - Published online
Abstract
Vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention and control of influenza. The surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus contains two structural elements (head and stalk) that differ in their potential utility as vaccine targets. The head of the HA protein is the primary target of antibodies that confer protective immunity to influenza viruses. The underlying health status, age, and gene polymorphisms of vaccine recipients and, just as importantly, the extent of the antigenic match between the viruses in the vaccine and those that are circulating modulate influenza vaccine protection. Vaccine adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccine improve the breadth of immunity to seasonal and pandemic virus strains. Eliciting antibodies against the conserved HA stem region that cross-react with HAs within influenza virus types or subtypes would allow for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. The highly complex network of interactions generated after influenza infection and vaccination can be studied with the use of systems biology tools, such as DNA microarray chips. The use of systems vaccinology has allowed for the generation of gene expression signatures that represent key transcriptional differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic host responses to influenza infection. Additionally, the use of systems vaccinology tools have resulted in the identification of novel surrogate gene markers that are predictors of the magnitude of host responses to vaccines, which is critical to both vaccine development and public health. Identifying associations between variations in vaccine immune responses and gene polymorphisms is critical in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
-Margarita M. Gomez Lorenzo, MD; Matthew J. Fenton, PhD
Author and Funding Information: From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Correspondence to: Margarita M. Gomez Lorenzo, MD, Asthma, Allergy, and Airway Biology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 6610 Rockledge Dr, Room 6508, Mail Stop 6601, Bethesda, MD 20892-6601; e-mail:gomezmm@niaid.nih.gov
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. See online for more details.
CHEST. February 2013;143(2):502-510. doi:10.1378/chest.12-1711 - Published online
Abstract
Vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention and control of influenza. The surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus contains two structural elements (head and stalk) that differ in their potential utility as vaccine targets. The head of the HA protein is the primary target of antibodies that confer protective immunity to influenza viruses. The underlying health status, age, and gene polymorphisms of vaccine recipients and, just as importantly, the extent of the antigenic match between the viruses in the vaccine and those that are circulating modulate influenza vaccine protection. Vaccine adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccine improve the breadth of immunity to seasonal and pandemic virus strains. Eliciting antibodies against the conserved HA stem region that cross-react with HAs within influenza virus types or subtypes would allow for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. The highly complex network of interactions generated after influenza infection and vaccination can be studied with the use of systems biology tools, such as DNA microarray chips. The use of systems vaccinology has allowed for the generation of gene expression signatures that represent key transcriptional differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic host responses to influenza infection. Additionally, the use of systems vaccinology tools have resulted in the identification of novel surrogate gene markers that are predictors of the magnitude of host responses to vaccines, which is critical to both vaccine development and public health. Identifying associations between variations in vaccine immune responses and gene polymorphisms is critical in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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