tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Rep
. 2021 Jul 23;109504.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109504. Online ahead of print.
Systemic IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 signature associated with effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients
Cristina Bergamaschi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Evangelos Terpos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margherita Rosati[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Matthew Angel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jenifer Bear[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dimitris Stellas[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sevasti Karaliota[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Filia Apostolakou[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tina Bagratuni[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dimitris Patseas[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sentiljana Gumeni[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ioannis P Trougakos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Meletios A Dimopoulos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Barbara K Felber[SUP] 8 [/SUP], George N Pavlakis[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Early responses to vaccination are important for shaping both humoral and cellular protective immunity. Dissecting innate vaccine signatures may predict immunogenicity to help optimize the efficacy of mRNA and other vaccine strategies. Here, we characterize the cytokine and chemokine responses to the 1[SUP]st[/SUP] and 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in antigen-naive and in previously coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals (NCT04743388). Transient increases in interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels early after boost correlate with Spike antibody levels, supporting their use as biomarkers of effective humoral immunity development in response to vaccination. We identify a systemic signature including increases in IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 after the 1[SUP]st[/SUP] vaccination, which were enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] vaccination. In previously COVID-19-infected individuals, a single vaccination results in both strong cytokine induction and antibody titers similar to the ones observed upon booster vaccination in antigen-naive individuals, a result with potential implication for future public health recommendations.
Keywords: IFN-γ; IL-15; IP10/CXCL10; SARS-CoV-2; Spike antibody; cytokines; innate immunity; mRNA vaccine.
. 2021 Jul 23;109504.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109504. Online ahead of print.
Systemic IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 signature associated with effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients
Cristina Bergamaschi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Evangelos Terpos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margherita Rosati[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Matthew Angel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jenifer Bear[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dimitris Stellas[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sevasti Karaliota[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Filia Apostolakou[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tina Bagratuni[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dimitris Patseas[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sentiljana Gumeni[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ioannis P Trougakos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Meletios A Dimopoulos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Barbara K Felber[SUP] 8 [/SUP], George N Pavlakis[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34352226
- DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109504
Abstract
Early responses to vaccination are important for shaping both humoral and cellular protective immunity. Dissecting innate vaccine signatures may predict immunogenicity to help optimize the efficacy of mRNA and other vaccine strategies. Here, we characterize the cytokine and chemokine responses to the 1[SUP]st[/SUP] and 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in antigen-naive and in previously coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals (NCT04743388). Transient increases in interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels early after boost correlate with Spike antibody levels, supporting their use as biomarkers of effective humoral immunity development in response to vaccination. We identify a systemic signature including increases in IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 after the 1[SUP]st[/SUP] vaccination, which were enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] vaccination. In previously COVID-19-infected individuals, a single vaccination results in both strong cytokine induction and antibody titers similar to the ones observed upon booster vaccination in antigen-naive individuals, a result with potential implication for future public health recommendations.
Keywords: IFN-γ; IL-15; IP10/CXCL10; SARS-CoV-2; Spike antibody; cytokines; innate immunity; mRNA vaccine.