tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Rep Med
. 2021 Jul 3;100354.
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354. Online ahead of print.
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells
Kristen W Cohen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Susanne L Linderman[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Zoe Moodie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Julie Czartoski[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lilin Lai[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Grace Mantus[SUP] 2 4 6 [/SUP], Carson Norwood[SUP] 2 4 6 [/SUP], Lindsay E Nyhoff[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Venkata Viswanadh Edara[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Katharine Floyd[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Stephen C De Rosa[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Hasan Ahmed[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Rachael Whaley[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shivan N Patel[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brittany Prigmore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria P Lemos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carl W Davis[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Sarah Furth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], James O'Keefe[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mohini P Gharpure[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Sivaram Gunisetty[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Kathy A Stephens[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rustom Antia[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Veronika I Zarnitsyna[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], David S Stephens[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Srilatha Edupuganti[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Nadine Rouphael[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Evan J Anderson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Aneesh K Mehta[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jens Wrammert[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Mehul S Suthar[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Rafi Ahmed[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], M Juliana McElrath[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to eight months and find durable broad-based immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibit a bi-phasic decay with an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of longer-lived plasma cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection also boosts antibody titers to SARS-CoV-1 and common betacoronaviruses. In addition, spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells persist, which bodes well for a rapid antibody response upon virus re-exposure or vaccination. Virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are polyfunctional and maintained with an estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell responses equally target several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell responses preferentially target the nucleoprotein, highlighting the potential importance of including the nucleoprotein in future vaccines. Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Antibody; B cells; CD4+ T cells; CD8+ T cells; COVID-19; Endemic coronaviruses; Immune memory; Kinetics; Neutralization; RBD; SARS-CoV-2; Spike.
. 2021 Jul 3;100354.
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354. Online ahead of print.
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells
Kristen W Cohen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Susanne L Linderman[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Zoe Moodie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Julie Czartoski[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lilin Lai[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Grace Mantus[SUP] 2 4 6 [/SUP], Carson Norwood[SUP] 2 4 6 [/SUP], Lindsay E Nyhoff[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Venkata Viswanadh Edara[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Katharine Floyd[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Stephen C De Rosa[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Hasan Ahmed[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Rachael Whaley[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shivan N Patel[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brittany Prigmore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria P Lemos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carl W Davis[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Sarah Furth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], James O'Keefe[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mohini P Gharpure[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Sivaram Gunisetty[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Kathy A Stephens[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rustom Antia[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Veronika I Zarnitsyna[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], David S Stephens[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Srilatha Edupuganti[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Nadine Rouphael[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Evan J Anderson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Aneesh K Mehta[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jens Wrammert[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Mehul S Suthar[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Rafi Ahmed[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], M Juliana McElrath[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34250512
- PMCID: PMC8253687
- DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354
Abstract
Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to eight months and find durable broad-based immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibit a bi-phasic decay with an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of longer-lived plasma cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection also boosts antibody titers to SARS-CoV-1 and common betacoronaviruses. In addition, spike-specific IgG+ memory B cells persist, which bodes well for a rapid antibody response upon virus re-exposure or vaccination. Virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are polyfunctional and maintained with an estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell responses equally target several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell responses preferentially target the nucleoprotein, highlighting the potential importance of including the nucleoprotein in future vaccines. Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Antibody; B cells; CD4+ T cells; CD8+ T cells; COVID-19; Endemic coronaviruses; Immune memory; Kinetics; Neutralization; RBD; SARS-CoV-2; Spike.