tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Rep Med
. 2022 Jan 24;3(2):100523.
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100523. eCollection 2022 Feb 15.
Clinical course impacts early kinetics,magnitude, and amplitude of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies beyond 1 year after infection
Edwards Pradenas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Benjamin Trinité[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Víctor Urrea[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Silvia Marfil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferran Tarrés-Freixas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Ortiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carla Rovirosa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jordi Rodon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Júlia Vergara-Alert[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Joaquim Segalés[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Victor Guallar[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Alfonso Valencia[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Nuria Izquierdo-Useros[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marc Noguera-Julian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jorge Carrillo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roger Paredes[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Lourdes Mateu[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Anna Chamorro[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ruth Toledo[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Marta Massanella[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bonaventura Clotet[SUP] 1 7 8 [/SUP], Julià Blanco[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
To understand the determinants of long-term immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the concurrent impact of vaccination and emerging variants, we follow a prospective cohort of 332 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) over more than a year after symptom onset. We evaluate plasma-neutralizing activity using HIV-based pseudoviruses expressing the spike of different SARS-CoV-2 variants and analyze them longitudinally using mixed-effects models. Long-term neutralizing activity is stable beyond 1 year after infection in mild/asymptomatic and hospitalized participants. However, longitudinal models suggest that hospitalized individuals generate both short- and long-lived memory B cells, while the responses of non-hospitalized individuals are dominated by long-lived B cells. In both groups, vaccination boosts responses to natural infection. Long-term (>300 days from infection) responses in unvaccinated participants show a reduced efficacy against beta, but not alpha nor delta, variants. Multivariate analysis identifies the severity of primary infection as an independent determinant of higher magnitude and lower relative cross-neutralization activity of long-term neutralizing responses.
Keywords: B cell memory; SARS-CoV-2; durability; half-life; humoral response; neutralizing antibodies; pseudovirus; severity; variants of concern.
. 2022 Jan 24;3(2):100523.
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100523. eCollection 2022 Feb 15.
Clinical course impacts early kinetics,magnitude, and amplitude of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies beyond 1 year after infection
Edwards Pradenas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Benjamin Trinité[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Víctor Urrea[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Silvia Marfil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferran Tarrés-Freixas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Ortiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carla Rovirosa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jordi Rodon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Júlia Vergara-Alert[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Joaquim Segalés[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Victor Guallar[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Alfonso Valencia[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Nuria Izquierdo-Useros[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marc Noguera-Julian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jorge Carrillo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roger Paredes[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Lourdes Mateu[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Anna Chamorro[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ruth Toledo[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Marta Massanella[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bonaventura Clotet[SUP] 1 7 8 [/SUP], Julià Blanco[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35233547
- PMCID: PMC8784437
- DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100523
Abstract
To understand the determinants of long-term immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the concurrent impact of vaccination and emerging variants, we follow a prospective cohort of 332 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) over more than a year after symptom onset. We evaluate plasma-neutralizing activity using HIV-based pseudoviruses expressing the spike of different SARS-CoV-2 variants and analyze them longitudinally using mixed-effects models. Long-term neutralizing activity is stable beyond 1 year after infection in mild/asymptomatic and hospitalized participants. However, longitudinal models suggest that hospitalized individuals generate both short- and long-lived memory B cells, while the responses of non-hospitalized individuals are dominated by long-lived B cells. In both groups, vaccination boosts responses to natural infection. Long-term (>300 days from infection) responses in unvaccinated participants show a reduced efficacy against beta, but not alpha nor delta, variants. Multivariate analysis identifies the severity of primary infection as an independent determinant of higher magnitude and lower relative cross-neutralization activity of long-term neutralizing responses.
Keywords: B cell memory; SARS-CoV-2; durability; half-life; humoral response; neutralizing antibodies; pseudovirus; severity; variants of concern.