tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Host Microbe
. 2022 Jul 20;S1931-3128(22)00358-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.012. Online ahead of print.
Immunological memory to common cold coronaviruses assessed longitudinally over a three-year period pre-COVID19 pandemic
Esther Dawen Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tara M Narowski[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Eric Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Emily Garrigan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jose Mateus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], April Frazier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniela Weiskopf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alba Grifoni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lakshmanane Premkumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ricardo da Silva Antunes[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alessandro Sette[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The immune memory to common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) influences SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, and understanding its effect is crucial for pan-coronavirus vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of pre-COVID19-pandemic samples from 2016-2019 in young adults and assessed CCC-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. Notably, CCC responses were commonly detected with comparable frequencies as with other common antigens and were sustained over time. CCC-specific CD4+ T cell responses were associated with low HLA-DR+CD38+ signals, and their magnitude did not correlate with yearly CCC infection prevalence. Similarly, CCC-specific and spike RBD-specific IgG responses were stable in time. Finally, high CCC-specific CD4+ T cell reactivity, but not antibody titers, was associated with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These results provide a valuable reference for understanding the immune response to endemic coronaviruses and suggest that steady and sustained CCC responses are likely from a stable pool of memory CD4+ T cells due to repeated earlier exposures and possibly occasional reinfections.
Keywords: CD4; SARS-CoV-2; T cells; common cold coronaviruses; immune memory; longitudinal analysis; steady state.
. 2022 Jul 20;S1931-3128(22)00358-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.012. Online ahead of print.
Immunological memory to common cold coronaviruses assessed longitudinally over a three-year period pre-COVID19 pandemic
Esther Dawen Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tara M Narowski[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Eric Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Emily Garrigan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jose Mateus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], April Frazier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniela Weiskopf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alba Grifoni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lakshmanane Premkumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ricardo da Silva Antunes[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alessandro Sette[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35932763
- PMCID: PMC9296686
- DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.012
Abstract
The immune memory to common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) influences SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, and understanding its effect is crucial for pan-coronavirus vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of pre-COVID19-pandemic samples from 2016-2019 in young adults and assessed CCC-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. Notably, CCC responses were commonly detected with comparable frequencies as with other common antigens and were sustained over time. CCC-specific CD4+ T cell responses were associated with low HLA-DR+CD38+ signals, and their magnitude did not correlate with yearly CCC infection prevalence. Similarly, CCC-specific and spike RBD-specific IgG responses were stable in time. Finally, high CCC-specific CD4+ T cell reactivity, but not antibody titers, was associated with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These results provide a valuable reference for understanding the immune response to endemic coronaviruses and suggest that steady and sustained CCC responses are likely from a stable pool of memory CD4+ T cells due to repeated earlier exposures and possibly occasional reinfections.
Keywords: CD4; SARS-CoV-2; T cells; common cold coronaviruses; immune memory; longitudinal analysis; steady state.