tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol
. 2026 Jan 23:2026:5007103.
doi: 10.1155/cjid/5007103. eCollection 2026.
Clinical Characteristics and Cytokines of Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Influenza A After COVID-19
Yue Qi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xinqian Xu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hongrong Dan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Miao He[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qinxin Zheng[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xing Liu[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Li Xiang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yingshun Zhou[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Cheng Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: To date, there is a lack of research on the clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles in children with influenza A following COVID-19 infection.
Methods: Children with influenza A lower respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from March 15 to April 15, 2023, were divided into mild and severe groups according to their symptoms, followed up on the COVID-19 infection status by telephone, and selected those who had been infected with COVID-19 for comparison of clinical characteristics and cytokines.
Results: An analysis of influenza A case in children with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that the proportion of previous infection was significantly higher in the severe group compared to the mild group. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of convulsions, concurrent or secondary bacterial infections, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte percentage (L%), neutrophil percentage (N%), and interferon-induced protein-10 (IP-10) (all P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified IP-10 and WBC as independent risk factors for severe influenza A following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the combination of IP-10 and WBC demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for disease severity.
Conclusion: IP-10 and WBC count serve as diagnostic biomarkers for severe influenza infection following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their combination significantly enhances diagnostic performance.
Keywords: COVID-19; children; clinical characteristic; cytokine; influenza A.
. 2026 Jan 23:2026:5007103.
doi: 10.1155/cjid/5007103. eCollection 2026.
Clinical Characteristics and Cytokines of Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Influenza A After COVID-19
Yue Qi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xinqian Xu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hongrong Dan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Miao He[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qinxin Zheng[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xing Liu[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Li Xiang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yingshun Zhou[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Cheng Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41583020
- PMCID: PMC12828273
- DOI: 10.1155/cjid/5007103
Background: To date, there is a lack of research on the clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles in children with influenza A following COVID-19 infection.
Methods: Children with influenza A lower respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from March 15 to April 15, 2023, were divided into mild and severe groups according to their symptoms, followed up on the COVID-19 infection status by telephone, and selected those who had been infected with COVID-19 for comparison of clinical characteristics and cytokines.
Results: An analysis of influenza A case in children with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that the proportion of previous infection was significantly higher in the severe group compared to the mild group. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of convulsions, concurrent or secondary bacterial infections, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte percentage (L%), neutrophil percentage (N%), and interferon-induced protein-10 (IP-10) (all P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified IP-10 and WBC as independent risk factors for severe influenza A following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the combination of IP-10 and WBC demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for disease severity.
Conclusion: IP-10 and WBC count serve as diagnostic biomarkers for severe influenza infection following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their combination significantly enhances diagnostic performance.
Keywords: COVID-19; children; clinical characteristic; cytokine; influenza A.