Burundi - Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak 2024-2025

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Gitega Province
/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitega_Province
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Gitega: Mpox epidemic in an overcrowded detention center

October 20, 2024

An outbreak of Mpox has hit the Gitega police station, also highlighting the alarming sanitary conditions and critical overcrowding in the detention center. Cases have been confirmed among detainees, raising serious concerns about the rapid spread of the disease in the confined environment.

The police station's dungeon, designed to accommodate 30 people, currently houses more than 100 inmates. This extreme overcrowding forces prisoners to sleep in shifts, with some remaining standing while others rest in a cramped space. The unsanitary conditions of the premises are aggravated by the lack of hygiene and the presence of parasites.

In this context, an outbreak of Mpox has occurred. The majority of prisoners have skin rashes, a characteristic symptom of the disease. Positive cases have been confirmed and are currently being treated in local health facilities.

Despite the urgency of the situation, systematic screening has not been implemented, leaving many potential cases undiagnosed. This neglect could lead to rapid spread within the prison, delayed access to care for infected prisoners, and a risk of dissemination into the community when infected prisoners are released.

Families of the detainees are sounding the alarm, urging authorities to take immediate steps to improve conditions, conduct comprehensive screening, provide adequate medical care and prevent the spread of the disease beyond prison walls.

https://www.rpa.bi/index.php/actual...de-mpox-dans-un-centre-de-detention-surpeuple

 

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Gitega: Regional hospital overwhelmed by monkeypox epidemic

November 3, 2024

Gitega Regional Hospital is facing an alarming situation in its management of the monkeypox outbreak. Hospitalized patients report a critical shortage of medicines, while the number of cases continues to rise, putting a strain on the facility's capacity.

According to internal sources, the situation is getting worse by the day. “Some patients have not received treatment for three days due to the lack of medicines, especially tablets and other essential medical devices,” reveals a patient who wishes to remain anonymous. This shortage seriously compromises the quality of care provided to those affected.

Faced with the increasing influx of patients, the hospital is forced to take drastic measures. Beds are being pushed together to accommodate the new arrivals, and some patients are being sent home before they are fully recovered to free up space. This situation raises concerns about the potential spread of the disease within the community.

Even more worrying, restrictions on visits have been relaxed. “Visitors are no longer banned. The sick are given meals, but outside visitors can now meet them, which could facilitate the spread of the disease,” our source warns.

Monkeypox patients at the Gitega Regional Hospital are urgently appealing to the hospital management and the Ministry of Health. They are calling for immediate action to stop the spread of the epidemic and improve treatment conditions.

https://www.rpa.bi/index.php/actual...l-submerge-par-l-epidemie-de-variole-du-singe

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WHO Burundi@WhoBurundi
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Nov 6

Reception on 05/11 at @MairieBuja of a batch of 16 tents and various materials. This equipment, acquired by @WhoBurundi with the financial support of USAID @US_Emb_Burundi , will be used to relieve congestion in the #Mpox PEC centers and to create some in the other affected districts in the country

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3:41 AM · Nov 6, 2024​
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WHO Burundi@WhoBurundi
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Nov 6

Agents of the @mspls_bdi and of @WhoBurundi received training on 06/11, provided by a logistics expert from @WHO_Africa, on the installation of said tents in accordance with current international standards for the prevention and control of infections.​

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3:42 AM · Nov 6, 2024​

 

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Preliminary analysis of 98 genomic sequences of MPXV clade Ib cases from Burundi, July to September 2024

NZOYIKORERA

2 4h Nov 19
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Introduction

A large mpox clade Ib virus outbreak started in the province of South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and is rapidly geographically expanding to other areas within the DRC as well as to other countries surrounding the DRC. Especially Burundi is severely affected with close to 1531 confirmed cases of mpox Clade Ib virus infections since the first detection at the end of July 2024. In addition, travel related cases linked to east African countries have been identified in Germany, Kenya, India, Sweden and Thailand.

Previously, we have described the MPXV Clade Ib introduction into Burundi and the phylogenetic analysis of the first two whole genome sequences (Nzoyikorera et al., 2024). Here, we describe the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of an additional 96 near-complete genome sequences generated in the first three months to better understand the ongoing mpox Clade Ib virus outbreak in Burundi.
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Conclusion

Here we show sustained circulation of the clade Ib mpox virus in Burundi, most likely after initial introduction from South Kivu in DRC. The virus acquired several additional APOBEC-3 mediated mutations, in line with ongoing human to human transmission. More genomic sequencing is needed from neighbouring countries and more recent time points but it seems that the outbreak in Burundi is caused by in-country transmission after the initial introduction into Burundi.
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https://virological.org/t/prelimina...ses-from-burundi-july-to-september-2024/987/1

 

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Burundi: strengthening of the laboratory pillar in the response to MPOX

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November 21, 2024

Bujumbura – The biomedical laboratory plays a vital role in the response to any epidemic. In Burundi, it is one of the pillars of the response to the current mpox epidemic. When the epidemic was declared on 25 July, the country was facing a lack of staff qualified enough to effectively manage the laboratory pole. Burundi is the second most affected country in the African Region by the current mpox epidemic, with 2003 confirmed cases as of 17 November.

“There are only two of us lab technicians and we take at least ten samples a day. We were even called in the middle of the night,” says Thierry Nzeyimana, a biomedical technologist at Kamenge hospital in Bujumbura, the district most affected by the epidemic in the country. “The lack of triple packaging equipment complicated the management and sending of samples to the national laboratory. It was very hard, but it is our lives and those of our fellow citizens that are at stake.”

Following this observation, the health authorities strengthened the laboratory pillar with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the Organization provided diagnostic inputs and supported the deployment of a mobile laboratory to bring the screening service closer to the population and ensure early detection of cases.

In Bujumbura Nord district, which alone accounts for over 40% of all reported cases and continues to experience active community transmission, WHO anticipated an imminent shortage of testing kits and ensured timely delivery of supplies. This rapid action by WHO was crucial in slowing transmission, particularly in high-risk areas such as Bujumbura Nord district, and helped maintain uninterrupted detection of MPOS cases and ensure timely delivery of laboratory results.

Also, more than 120 laboratory technicians, like Thierry, were trained in sampling and analysis techniques. “The training allowed me to better manage samples during this MPOX epidemic and we benefited from essential equipment, such as a sequencer, for rapid diagnostic tests,” he says.

This training focused on sample collection and security techniques. "The briefing of laboratory technicians was a valuable aid in the decentralization of screening at the district level and the involvement of the decentralized level in the management of this epidemic. Indeed, currently it is the trained laboratory technicians who ensure the sampling and the samples are sent to the national reference laboratory for analysis," explains Dr. Parfait Shingiro, Head of the Health Information and Communication Service of COUSP Burundi.

Rapid case detection helps to start life-saving treatment early. “The disease came on quickly, without headache or fever. Spots appeared on my face, hands and feet. Since I had no other symptoms, I waited two days to see if the spots would disappear on their own; instead, they kept coming back. So I went to the hospital in the northern district,” says Egide Bitangimana, 32, a trader in Bujumbura.

“I was tested and then confined until the results were available. And when the results came back positive, I was not afraid, because I knew that the disease could be cured. I stayed in the hospital for two weeks and the medical staff took good care of me until I recovered.”

For rapid availability of results, WHO provided the national laboratory with GeneXpert cartridges, which reduced the turnaround time from 24 hours to 1 hour.

Also, isolation areas and specialized centers have been set up where patients receive free medical care and food support. Efforts are being intensified to end the mpox epidemic in Burundi. The health authorities, supported by their partners, are implementing a multi-pronged strategy that has allowed them to record only one death to date.

This success is the result of concerted actions, in particular the strengthening of the essential pillars of the response, namely care, surveillance, active case finding, training of front-line workers, risk communication and community engagement, and rapid diagnosis.

“We will continue to build the capacity of frontline responders, including district medical officers, laboratory technicians and members of rapid response teams,” says Dr Issa Diallo, health emergency officer and incident manager for MPOS at the WHO Burundi office. “Their role in the fight against MPOS is essential, and the training also prepares them to deal with future outbreaks.”

With the capacity building, laboratory technicians are more than aware of their importance in the country's response strategy. "We are an essential link in the response chain," recognizes laboratory technician Thierry Nzeyimana. "Today, thanks to the WHO training, I am able to contribute effectively to the fight against this mpox epidemic and I feel ready to face any other health crisis to come."


​https://www.afro.who.int/fr/countri...du-pilier-laboratoire-dans-la-riposte-la-mpox

 

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Burundian government's silence on MPOX epidemic disgraceful

2 hours ago
AFP

The disease has been detected in 46 of Burundi's 49 health districts, with a main focus in Bujumbura, which accounts for 60% of the cases recorded in the country.

The Burundian government has not communicated about the MPOX epidemic for months, even though the disease is present in almost the entire country, a doctor and journalists complain to AFP. In September, Burundi was the second most affected African country after the DRC.

"The management of the current MPOX in Burundi by the authorities is catastrophic, irresponsible and criminal ," said a Burundian doctor who requested anonymity. The authorities "have chosen to turn a blind eye, to hide the progression of this epidemic which is now affecting almost all the health districts in the country ," he added to AFP.

The practitioner accuses the state of having prohibited the Ministry of Health from continuing to publish statistics. Data from December 13, which he obtained and transmitted to AFP, indicate that 50% of the 5,339 suspected cases tested between the start of the epidemic in Burundi on July 25 and December 12 tested positive.

The disease has been detected in 46 of the country's 49 health districts, with a main focus in Bujumbura, which accounts for 60% of the cases recorded in the country. One person has died, according to the document.

"The fact that we discover about ten cases every day, that dozens of suspected cases are not tested or disappear into thin air confirms the fact that the epidemic (...) is not at all under control in Burundi, on the contrary ," the doctor insisted. The doctor urged the authorities to agree to use the vaccines against mpox proposed by international agencies, "which they have so far refused."

For months, "the Ministry of Health (...) has refused us access to treatment centers for patients ," a manager of a local private radio station added to AFP, on condition of anonymity. "The government no longer talks about MPOX" and no longer imposes health measures in meeting places, added another journalist. Contacted by AFP, neither the Ministry of Health nor the WHO office in Burundi responded.

MPOX, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that spreads from animals to humans but is also transmitted between humans, causing fever, muscle pain and skin lesions. The WHO had issued its highest level of international alert in August in the face of a resurgence of cases in Africa.

During a press briefing at the end of November, the health agency Africa CDC praised "the management of cases" in the country, while deploring "the weakness of prevention and surveillance" , which contributed to their increase.

https://www.voaafrique.com/a/burund...t-sur-l-épidémie-de-mpox-indigne/7904309.html

 

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Burundi: Mpox invades 93% of health districts

January 15, 2025

Monkeypox (MPox) continues its alarming progression in Burundi, now affecting 93% of the country's health districts. According to the latest UNICEF report published on January 12, 2025, the situation has worsened considerably compared to the previous year, with a rapid and widespread spread of the disease.

As of January 5, 2025, UNICEF specifies in its report, 46 of Burundi's 49 health districts have reported cases of Mpox, compared to only 33 the previous year. Out of 3,355 people screened, 1,767 tested positive, revealing the scale of the epidemic. Children are particularly vulnerable, representing 37% of positive cases among those under 15, making them the most affected age group.

Bujumbura province remains the epicenter of the epidemic, with its health districts being the hardest hit.

In the same report, UNICEF stresses that it is committed to continuing its support to the Burundian government, particularly by providing the kits needed to fight the epidemic.

https://www.rpa.bi/index.php/actualites/8sante/burundi-le-mpox-envahit-93-des-districts-sanitaires
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13 January 2025
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Burundi Mpox Level 3 Emergency

HIGHLIGHTS

As of January 05, 2025, the epidemic has spread from 46 health
districts out of 49, or 93.8% of the districts. Of these, 17 are currently
active, having reported at least one confirmed case in the last 21 days
compared to 26 in November and 33 in October.

A total of 1,767 cases out of 3,035 confirmed cases reported were
recorded in three health districts of Bujumbura (Bujumbura North,
Center and South), or 58,2%. Bujumbura North continues to be the
most affected district with 1,142 cases, or 37.6% compared to 38.1% in
November.

Children under 15 years of age remain the most affected group with
37.8% compared to 39.5% in November; children under 5 years of age
represent 20.6% of total confirmed cases, compared to 21.7% in
November. However, young adults between 20 and 30 years of age
now represent 30,7% of cases, compared to 29.7% in November.
6,924 people affected by Mpox, including 3,557 children (51,3%), have
benefited from psychosocial support and mental health services in the
treatment centers and in the community.
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https://www.unicef.org/media/166936/file/Burundi-Humanitarian-SitRep-Mpox-31-December-2024.pdf

 

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Special Briefing on Mpox & other Health Emergencies || Feb. 13, 2025

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Sustaining efforts to end mpox outbreak in Burundi

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03 March 2025


Bujumbura – Since the beginning of 2025, Burundi has recorded fewer mpox cases, with an average of 70 new cases per week during the first nine weeks of the year, as efforts continue to end the outbreak.

In the week ending on 26 February, 21 new cases were confirmed. A reduction of nearly 95% compared with the peak observed in the week of 21 – 27 October 2024 when 222 new cases were reported. Currently 15 of the 49 health districts out are reporting active transmission of the virus, down from 34 in September 2024.

One of Burundi’s mpox response priorities is providing adequate clinical care. For instance, the country’s Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (COUPS), with support from World Health Organization (WHO), has trained and deployed 246 rapid response teams to improve capacity to respond to the outbreak.

"Mpox was not well known among our communities and it can be very frightening because of the skin lesions patients can develop," says Dr Ange Larissa Nsabiyumva, a member of the rapid response team in the Matana health district in the southeast of the capital Bujumbura. "Some health workers were reluctant to administer the treatment for fear of infection or because of misdiagnoses such as scabies that were confusing. Nurses sometimes entered isolation rooms without precautions or protection to bring food, increasing the risk of transmission."

In July 2024, Burundi declared an outbreak of mpox. As of 26 February 2025, 147 cases were hospitalized out of the 3568 recorded since the beginning of outbreak. A total of 3420 people have recovered from the disease. Initially, the outbreak was aggravated by factors such as overcrowding, lack of access to clean water, as well as stigma related to the disease and lack of trained health professionals.

"Through the training, we were able to guide health workers to effectively allay their concerns by informing them about the disease and about adequate protective measures, such as infection prevention and control equipment," notes Dr Nsabiyumva.

A total of 83 district and provincial head doctors have also been trained in clinical care protocol as well as supervision of community health workers, who are responsible for monitoring patients at home. More than 90 community health workers and 40 health promotion officers have been trained on active contact tracing, patient referral and follow-up for 21 days.

"Following the training, we explained to our staff that a patient with mpox should be treated like everyone else," says Dr Armel Bitaneza, chief medical officer of Bujumbura North, the most affected district in the country. "Since we sensitized communities and trained staff in health facilities on mpox, early detection and follow-up of cases have improved significantly."

In the field, community health workers and trained health promotion officers are strengthening surveillance. As soon as the first symptoms appear, they refer patients to the treatment centre for appropriate care.

"One night I had a high fever and headache, so I thought it was malaria. The next day, pimples appeared on my face, arms and legs so I was referred to the hospital," says Tharcisse, 43, a resident of Bujumbura’s Carama district. "The medical teams were very committed and took good care of me. What is most urgent is to stop the spread of the disease in our country."

To date, Burundi has recorded only one death due to mpox. The health authorities, with support from WHO, have continued to improve the response. The Organization has supported the decentralization of diagnosis by pre-positioning kits and medical supplies, deploying experts to support rapid case detection and disease surveillance, investigation of alerts, as well as contact tracing and follow-up. WHO has also supported the development of treatment guidelines, risk communication and community engagement and resource mobilization.

"All health actors have a fundamental role to play in responding to an outbreak like the current one. To respond effectively, there must be a good understanding of the infection by the actors involved, especially those in the frontlines," says Dr Issa Diallo, Health Emergencies Officer and Mpox Incident Manager with WHO in Burundi. "With proper care, patients recover quickly and there are fewer deaths."
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https://www.afro.who.int/countries/burundi/news/sustaining-efforts-end-mpox-outbreak-burundi

 

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 13: 24 - 30 March 2025
Data as reported by: 17:00; 30 March 2025
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Burundi
Mpox

3 720 Cases
1 Deaths
0.03% CFR​

EVENT DESCRIPTION

Burundi continues to grapple with an active outbreak of
mpox, since the confirmation of the first mpox case on
25 July 2024. In epidemiological week 13 (week ending
30 March 2025), 22 new cases were confirmed across
the country. This marks a 56% decrease in new cases
compared to the previous week when 50 confirmed
cases were reported.

From 25 July 2024 to 29 March 2025, a total of 3 720
cases with one death (CFR 0.03%) have been reported
from 46 districts across the country. Most cases were
reported from Bujumbura Nord (n=1422), Gitega
(n=511), Bujumbura Centre (n=425), Bujumbura Sud
(n=299), and Isare (n=282) districts, which together
accounts for 79.0% of the cumulative cases reported
from the country. In the last three week, the outbreak
remains active in 11 districts.

Males are more affected, accounting for 52.2% of the
cumulative cases reported. Age group 20 to 30 years old
are the most affected, accounting for 30.6% (n=1140) of
the cumulative cases, followed by those less than five
years old who accounts for 20.1% (n=747) of the cases.
Of genomic sequences that were analysed, clade Ib was
identified, indicating linkage to outbreak in the DRC.

Mpox cases showed a gradual rise from late July 2024,
followed by a sharp increase in September 2024. The
outbreak peaked in epidemiological week 43 of 2024
(week ending 27 October 2024) when 222 cases were
reported and remained high for a few weeks. From
late November 2024, cases began to decline steadily.

The decline continued between January and March
2025, with some fluctuations, including small spikes in
mid-January and late February, suggesting that while
the outbreak is slowing, localized transmission or new
introductions may still be occurring.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

The Ministry of Health of Burundi continues to lead the
mpox response, coordinating efforts at both national
and district levels. Daily situation reports are being
disseminated, and response activities are being
decentralized to improve outbreak management.

Resource mobilization efforts are ongoing in collaboration
with government and development partners to sustain
response operations.

Surveillance teams are actively engaged in case
investigation, contact tracing, and alert verification
across affected districts. Active case search is ongoing
in affected districts, with intensified efforts to detect
and respond to new infections. Data harmonization and
analysis are being conducted to strengthen surveillance
and guide decision-making.

Case management remains a priority, with 114 active
cases currently receiving treatment in designated
health facilities. Nutritional support is being provided to
hospitalized patients, and isolation measures are in place
to prevent further transmission.

Laboratory capacity is being strengthened through the decentralization of diagnostic services to selected hospitals. Sample
collection and testing are ongoing to confirm new cases and monitor viral circulation.

Infection prevention and control measures are being implemented, including decontamination of affected households and
treatment centres. Water supply interventions are ongoing in parts of Bujumbura to ensure adequate hygiene conditions in
affected areas.

Risk communication and community engagement activities are being implemented to enhance public awareness and promote
preventive measures. Radio and video messages are being broadcasted, while interactive theatre sessions and community
dialogues in Gitega, Bujumbura Nord, and Kayanza are being conducted to address concerns, gather feedback, and counter
misinformation.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION

The ongoing mpox outbreak in Burundi remains a public health concern, with sustained community transmission in
densely populated urban centres like Bujumbura Nord. While recent declines in new cases are encouraging, gaps in
medical supplies, financial resources, and water availability threaten response effectiveness. The presence of Clade
Ib, linked to the outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, underscores the risk of cross-border transmission
and sustained local circulation. Although active surveillance, case management, and risk communication efforts are
in place, logistical constraints and limited resources hinder outbreak control. Strengthening surveillance and risk
communication and community engagement capacities, and ensuring sustained funding for response activities are
critical to breaking transmission and controlling the outbreak.​

https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates

 

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Special Briefing on Mpox and other Health Emergencies || April 24, 2025

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Special Briefing on Mpox and other Health Emergencies || May 8, 2025

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD0ENkZJBxI
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Gitega: MPOX epidemic progresses, authorities accused of indifference

July 21, 2025

More than 60 cases of monkeypox (MPOX) have been recorded in the town of Gitega in the space of a month, but residents denounce the indifference of the authorities in the face of the spread of this epidemic.

According to a medical source at Gitega Regional Hospital, the number of patients continues to rise. "Today, approximately 65 people with MPOX are hospitalized. If nothing is done quickly, the capacity will be exceeded. No awareness-raising initiatives have been launched," she laments.

Despite this worrying situation, residents believe that health authorities are not taking the threat seriously. As an example, they cite the visit of Health Minister Lydwine Baradahana to the Gitega Regional Hospital on July 15. Accompanied by the Tanzanian representative in Burundi for an inauguration ceremony for the tumor and malformation treatment unit, the minister took no specific measures to contain the spread of the disease.

"That day, hand-washing equipment had been set up for the visit, but it disappeared shortly after. This demonstrates a lack of consideration by the authorities regarding the epidemic," worries one resident.

The population of Gitega is calling on health sector officials and administrative officials to take urgent action, particularly through information and prevention campaigns, to prevent the situation from worsening.

https://www.rpa.bi/index.php/actual...ogresse-les-autorites-accusees-d-indifference

 

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FAO in Burundi

Burundi strengthens its ranks against MPOX

Group photo of workshop participants

07/28/2025

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), together with the Government of Burundi and stakeholders involved in the public and animal health sector, validated on Thursday, July 10, 2025, a national strategy for the surveillance and management of Mpox in wildlife in Burundi as part of the project "Strengthening national capacities for prevention, preparedness and response according to the One Health approach" financed by the Pandemic Fund through the World Bank.

The strategy aims to strengthen surveillance and early detection of Mpox in wild animal populations; to assess the risks of inter-species transmission, including to humans; to develop capacities in biosecurity, diagnosis and rapid response as well as to establish a multi-sectoral coordination framework for sustainable surveillance.

Spanning a period of 2 years with an estimated budget of more than USD 4 million, the implementation of the strategy will reduce Burundi's vulnerability to the threat and especially to the risk of introduction and spread of Mpox, due to the cross-border mobility of epidemics and diseases, facilitated by trade and migration from neighboring countries.

Indeed, MPOX is a viral zoonosis, whose resurgence and expansion in recent years constitute a major public health concern. The close link between wildlife, domestic animals, and human populations makes preventive and coordinated adoption imperative, based on the principles of the "One Health" approach.

The spread of Mpox in wildlife poses a major threat to animal, human and environmental health, due in particular to: disruption of ecosystems and animal social interactions, inter-species transmission, increased risk of infection in shared habitats, difficulties in health surveillance and conservation, and the potential impact on the health of domestic animals.

To curb this threat, the strategy implemented is based on three strategic axes: (i) collaborative surveillance which will enable epidemiological investigations to be carried out and the strengthening of the laboratory system; (ii) community protection which will enable risk communication, community mobilization, surveillance at points of entry and animal transport; and (iii) intersectoral coordination for Mpox surveillance in wildlife based on the integrated and multidisciplinary approach: "One Health".

Effective and sustainable surveillance of the epidemic

Developed in a participatory manner, involving key stakeholders in the field, including those from the Ministry of the Environment, Agriculture and Livestock; those from the Ministry of Public Health and the Fight against AIDS, researchers and development partners, the strategy will establish an effective and sustainable surveillance system for Mpox in wildlife in Burundi.

The system will enable early detection of virus circulation in potential reservoir species, guide prevention, communication and awareness-raising actions in at-risk communities and strengthen multi-sectoral coordination between human, animal and environmental health services.

It should be noted that Mpox was officially detected in Burundi in July 2024. Thanks to an effective, rapid and coordinated response, the epidemic did not cause any human casualties. However, risks of a resurgence of the epidemic remain. Areas such as the Mukaza Forest Gallery, Rusizi National Park, Kibira National Park, Ruvubu National Park and the Rumonge Forest Nature Reserve present high risks.

Other areas such as the Bururi Forest Nature Reserve, the Kigwena Forest Nature Reserve; the Eastern Natural Monuments, the Northern Protected Water Landscapes and the Murehe Natural Forest present moderate risks.

https://www.fao.org/burundi/actualites/detail-events/fr/c/1740871/



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