tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Brain Res Bull
. 2021 Sep 24;S0361-9230(21)00284-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.015. Online ahead of print.
Manifestations and mechanisms of central nervous system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2
Fan Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hai Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hongtao Liu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Xiuying Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yongnan Li[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its threat to humans have drawn worldwide attention. The acute and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system pose major public health challenges. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 present diverse symptoms of the central nervous system. Exploring the mechanism of coronavirus damage to the nervous system is essential for reducing the long-term neurological complications of COVID-19. Despite rapid progress in characterizing SARS-CoV-2, the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the brain remain unclear. The possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 injury to the central nervous system include: 1) direct injury of nerve cells, 2) activation of the immune system and inflammatory cytokines caused by systemic infection, 3) a high affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein for the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2, 4) cerebrovascular disease caused by hypoxia and coagulation dysfunction, and 5) a systemic inflammatory response that promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Although we do not fully understand the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes nerve injury, we hope to provide a framework by reviewing the clinical manifestations, complications, and possible mechanisms of neurological damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. With hope, this will facilitate the early identification, diagnosis, and treatment of possible neurological sequelae, which could contribute toward improving patient prognosis and preventing transmission.
Keywords: ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; central nervous system; olfactory disorders.
. 2021 Sep 24;S0361-9230(21)00284-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.015. Online ahead of print.
Manifestations and mechanisms of central nervous system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2
Fan Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hai Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hongtao Liu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Xiuying Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yongnan Li[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34571039
- DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.015
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its threat to humans have drawn worldwide attention. The acute and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system pose major public health challenges. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 present diverse symptoms of the central nervous system. Exploring the mechanism of coronavirus damage to the nervous system is essential for reducing the long-term neurological complications of COVID-19. Despite rapid progress in characterizing SARS-CoV-2, the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the brain remain unclear. The possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 injury to the central nervous system include: 1) direct injury of nerve cells, 2) activation of the immune system and inflammatory cytokines caused by systemic infection, 3) a high affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein for the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2, 4) cerebrovascular disease caused by hypoxia and coagulation dysfunction, and 5) a systemic inflammatory response that promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Although we do not fully understand the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes nerve injury, we hope to provide a framework by reviewing the clinical manifestations, complications, and possible mechanisms of neurological damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. With hope, this will facilitate the early identification, diagnosis, and treatment of possible neurological sequelae, which could contribute toward improving patient prognosis and preventing transmission.
Keywords: ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; central nervous system; olfactory disorders.