tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
BMC Pulm Med
. 2023 Apr 26;23(1):146.
doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02418-3.
Impact of respiratory bacterial infections on mortality in Japanese patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Kensuke Nakagawara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hirofumi Kamata[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shotaro Chubachi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Namkoong[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hiromu Tanaka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shiro Otake[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takahiro Fukushima[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tatsuya Kusumoto[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Atsuho Morita[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuhei Azekawa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mayuko Watase[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takanori Asakura[SUP] 1 4 5 [/SUP], Katsunori Masaki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Makoto Ishii[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Akifumi Endo[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ryuji Koike[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Hiroyasu Ishikura[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Tohru Takata[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yasushi Matsushita[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Norihiro Harada[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Kokutou[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Takashi Yoshiyama[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Kensuke Kataoka[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Yoshikazu Mutoh[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Masayoshi Miyawaki[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Soichiro Ueda[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Hiroshi Ono[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Takuya Ono[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Tomohisa Shoko[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Muranaka[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kodai Kawamura[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Nobuaki Mori[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Takao Mochimaru[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Mototaka Fukui[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yusuke Chihara[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yoji Nagasaki[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Masaki Okamoto[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Masaru Amishima[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Toshio Odani[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Mayuko Tani[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Koichi Nishi[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Yuya Shirai[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Ryuya Edahiro[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Akira Ando[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Naozumi Hashimoto[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shinji Ogura[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Yuichiro Kitagawa[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Toshiyuki Kita[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Takashi Kagaya[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Yasuhiro Kimura[SUP] 29 [/SUP], Naoki Miyazawa[SUP] 29 [/SUP], Tomoya Tsuchida[SUP] 30 [/SUP], Shigeki Fujitani[SUP] 31 [/SUP], Koji Murakami[SUP] 32 [/SUP], Hirohito Sano[SUP] 32 [/SUP], Yuki Sato[SUP] 33 [/SUP], Yoshinori Tanino[SUP] 33 [/SUP], Ryo Otsuki[SUP] 34 [/SUP], Shuko Mashimo[SUP] 34 [/SUP], Mizuki Kuramochi[SUP] 35 [/SUP], Yasuo Hosoda[SUP] 35 [/SUP], Yoshinori Hasegawa[SUP] 36 [/SUP], Tetsuya Ueda[SUP] 36 [/SUP], Yotaro Takaku[SUP] 37 [/SUP], Takashi Ishiguro[SUP] 37 [/SUP], Akiko Fujiwara[SUP] 38 [/SUP], Naota Kuwahara[SUP] 38 [/SUP], Hideya Kitamura[SUP] 39 [/SUP], Eri Hagiwara[SUP] 39 [/SUP], Yasushi Nakamori[SUP] 40 [/SUP], Fukuki Saito[SUP] 40 [/SUP], Yuta Kono[SUP] 41 [/SUP], Shinji Abe[SUP] 41 [/SUP], Tomoo Ishii[SUP] 42 [/SUP], Takehiko Ohba[SUP] 43 [/SUP], Yu Kusaka[SUP] 43 [/SUP], Hiroko Watanabe[SUP] 44 [/SUP], Makoto Masuda[SUP] 45 [/SUP], Hiroki Watanabe[SUP] 45 [/SUP], Yoshifumi Kimizuka[SUP] 46 [/SUP], Akihiko Kawana[SUP] 46 [/SUP], Yu Kasamatsu[SUP] 47 [/SUP], Satoru Hashimoto[SUP] 48 [/SUP], Yukinori Okada[SUP] 49 50 51 [/SUP], Tomomi Takano[SUP] 52 [/SUP], Kazuhiko Katayama[SUP] 53 [/SUP], Masumi Ai[SUP] 54 [/SUP], Atsushi Kumanogoh[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Toshiro Sato[SUP] 55 [/SUP], Katsushi Tokunaga[SUP] 56 [/SUP], Seiya Imoto[SUP] 57 [/SUP], Yuko Kitagawa[SUP] 58 [/SUP], Akinori Kimura[SUP] 59 [/SUP], Satoru Miyano[SUP] 60 [/SUP], Naoki Hasegawa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Seishi Ogawa[SUP] 61 [/SUP], Takanori Kanai[SUP] 62 [/SUP], Koichi Fukunaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP]; Japan COVID-19 Task Force
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Although cases of respiratory bacterial infections associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been reported, their impact on the clinical course remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated and analyzed the complication rates of bacterial infections, causative organisms, patient backgrounds, and clinical outcome in Japanese patients with COVID-19.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that included inpatients with COVID-19 from multiple centers participating in the Japan COVID-19 Taskforce (April 2020 to May 2021) and obtained demographic, epidemiological, and microbiological results and the clinical course and analyzed the cases of COVID-19 complicated by respiratory bacterial infections.
Results: Of the 1,863 patients with COVID-19 included in the analysis, 140 (7.5%) had respiratory bacterial infections. Community-acquired co-infection at COVID-19 diagnosis was uncommon (55/1,863, 3.0%) and was mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hospital-acquired bacterial secondary infections, mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were diagnosed in 86 patients (4.6%). Severity-associated comorbidities were frequently observed in hospital-acquired secondary infection cases, including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The study results suggest that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (> 5.28) may be useful in diagnosing complications of respiratory bacterial infections. COVID-19 patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired secondary infections had significantly increased mortality.
Conclusions: Respiratory bacterial co-infections and secondary infections are uncommon in patients with COVID-19 but may worsen outcomes. Assessment of bacterial complications is important in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and the study findings are meaningful for the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and management strategies.
Keywords: Intensive care unit; Invasive mechanical ventilation; Mortality; Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; SARS-CoV-2 infection.
. 2023 Apr 26;23(1):146.
doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02418-3.
Impact of respiratory bacterial infections on mortality in Japanese patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Kensuke Nakagawara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hirofumi Kamata[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shotaro Chubachi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Namkoong[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hiromu Tanaka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shiro Otake[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takahiro Fukushima[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tatsuya Kusumoto[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Atsuho Morita[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuhei Azekawa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mayuko Watase[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Takanori Asakura[SUP] 1 4 5 [/SUP], Katsunori Masaki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Makoto Ishii[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Akifumi Endo[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Ryuji Koike[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Hiroyasu Ishikura[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Tohru Takata[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yasushi Matsushita[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Norihiro Harada[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Kokutou[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Takashi Yoshiyama[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Kensuke Kataoka[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Yoshikazu Mutoh[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Masayoshi Miyawaki[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Soichiro Ueda[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Hiroshi Ono[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Takuya Ono[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Tomohisa Shoko[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Muranaka[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kodai Kawamura[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Nobuaki Mori[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Takao Mochimaru[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Mototaka Fukui[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yusuke Chihara[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Yoji Nagasaki[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Masaki Okamoto[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Masaru Amishima[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Toshio Odani[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Mayuko Tani[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Koichi Nishi[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Yuya Shirai[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Ryuya Edahiro[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Akira Ando[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Naozumi Hashimoto[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shinji Ogura[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Yuichiro Kitagawa[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Toshiyuki Kita[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Takashi Kagaya[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Yasuhiro Kimura[SUP] 29 [/SUP], Naoki Miyazawa[SUP] 29 [/SUP], Tomoya Tsuchida[SUP] 30 [/SUP], Shigeki Fujitani[SUP] 31 [/SUP], Koji Murakami[SUP] 32 [/SUP], Hirohito Sano[SUP] 32 [/SUP], Yuki Sato[SUP] 33 [/SUP], Yoshinori Tanino[SUP] 33 [/SUP], Ryo Otsuki[SUP] 34 [/SUP], Shuko Mashimo[SUP] 34 [/SUP], Mizuki Kuramochi[SUP] 35 [/SUP], Yasuo Hosoda[SUP] 35 [/SUP], Yoshinori Hasegawa[SUP] 36 [/SUP], Tetsuya Ueda[SUP] 36 [/SUP], Yotaro Takaku[SUP] 37 [/SUP], Takashi Ishiguro[SUP] 37 [/SUP], Akiko Fujiwara[SUP] 38 [/SUP], Naota Kuwahara[SUP] 38 [/SUP], Hideya Kitamura[SUP] 39 [/SUP], Eri Hagiwara[SUP] 39 [/SUP], Yasushi Nakamori[SUP] 40 [/SUP], Fukuki Saito[SUP] 40 [/SUP], Yuta Kono[SUP] 41 [/SUP], Shinji Abe[SUP] 41 [/SUP], Tomoo Ishii[SUP] 42 [/SUP], Takehiko Ohba[SUP] 43 [/SUP], Yu Kusaka[SUP] 43 [/SUP], Hiroko Watanabe[SUP] 44 [/SUP], Makoto Masuda[SUP] 45 [/SUP], Hiroki Watanabe[SUP] 45 [/SUP], Yoshifumi Kimizuka[SUP] 46 [/SUP], Akihiko Kawana[SUP] 46 [/SUP], Yu Kasamatsu[SUP] 47 [/SUP], Satoru Hashimoto[SUP] 48 [/SUP], Yukinori Okada[SUP] 49 50 51 [/SUP], Tomomi Takano[SUP] 52 [/SUP], Kazuhiko Katayama[SUP] 53 [/SUP], Masumi Ai[SUP] 54 [/SUP], Atsushi Kumanogoh[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Toshiro Sato[SUP] 55 [/SUP], Katsushi Tokunaga[SUP] 56 [/SUP], Seiya Imoto[SUP] 57 [/SUP], Yuko Kitagawa[SUP] 58 [/SUP], Akinori Kimura[SUP] 59 [/SUP], Satoru Miyano[SUP] 60 [/SUP], Naoki Hasegawa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Seishi Ogawa[SUP] 61 [/SUP], Takanori Kanai[SUP] 62 [/SUP], Koichi Fukunaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP]; Japan COVID-19 Task Force
Affiliations
- PMID: 37101265
- DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02418-3
Abstract
Background: Although cases of respiratory bacterial infections associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been reported, their impact on the clinical course remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated and analyzed the complication rates of bacterial infections, causative organisms, patient backgrounds, and clinical outcome in Japanese patients with COVID-19.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that included inpatients with COVID-19 from multiple centers participating in the Japan COVID-19 Taskforce (April 2020 to May 2021) and obtained demographic, epidemiological, and microbiological results and the clinical course and analyzed the cases of COVID-19 complicated by respiratory bacterial infections.
Results: Of the 1,863 patients with COVID-19 included in the analysis, 140 (7.5%) had respiratory bacterial infections. Community-acquired co-infection at COVID-19 diagnosis was uncommon (55/1,863, 3.0%) and was mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hospital-acquired bacterial secondary infections, mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were diagnosed in 86 patients (4.6%). Severity-associated comorbidities were frequently observed in hospital-acquired secondary infection cases, including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The study results suggest that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (> 5.28) may be useful in diagnosing complications of respiratory bacterial infections. COVID-19 patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired secondary infections had significantly increased mortality.
Conclusions: Respiratory bacterial co-infections and secondary infections are uncommon in patients with COVID-19 but may worsen outcomes. Assessment of bacterial complications is important in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and the study findings are meaningful for the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and management strategies.
Keywords: Intensive care unit; Invasive mechanical ventilation; Mortality; Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; SARS-CoV-2 infection.