tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
BMC Infect Dis
. 2024 Jul 22;24(1):715.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09631-3. The evaluation of risk factors for prolonged viral shedding during anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and long-term administration of antivirals in COVID-19 patients with B-cell lymphoma treated by anti-CD20 antibody
Shuhei Maruyama[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daiki Wada[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shuji Kanayama[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Haruka Shimazu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yumiko Miyano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Akira Inoue[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Masami Kashihara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyuki Okuda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fukuki Saito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yasushi Nakamori[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyoshi Ishii[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yasuyuki Kuwagata[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Immunocompromised patients, particularly those treated for B-cell lymphoma, have shown an increased risk of persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 and severe outcomes and mortality. Multi-mutational SARS-CoV-2 variants can arise during the course of such persistent cases of COVID-19. No optimal, decisive strategy is currently available for patients with persistent infection that allows clinicians to sustain viral clearance, determine optimal timing to stop treatment, and prevent virus reactivation. We introduced a novel treatment combining antivirals, neutralizing antibodies, and genomic analysis with frequent monitoring of spike-specific antibody and viral load for immunocompromised patients with persistent COVID-19 infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to report and evaluate the efficacy of our novel treatment for immunocompromised B-cell lymphoma patients with persistent COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive analysis had no controls. Patients with B-cell lymphoma previously receiving immunotherapy including anti-CD20 antibodies, diagnosed as having COVID-19 infection, and treated in our hospital after January 2022 were included. We selected anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies according to subvariants. Every 5 days, viral load was tested by RT-PCR, with antivirals continued until viral shedding was confirmed. Primary outcome was virus elimination. Independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding time were determined by multivariate Cox regression.
Results: Forty-four patients were included in this study. Thirty-five patients received rituximab, 19 obinutuzumab, and 26 bendamustine. Median treatment duration was 10 (IQR, 10-20) days; 22 patients received combination antiviral therapy. COVID-19 was severe in 16 patients, and critical in 2. All patients survived, with viral shedding confirmed at median 28 (IQR, 19-38) days. Bendamustine use or within 1 year of last treatment for B-cell lymphoma, and multiple treatment lines for B-cell lymphoma significantly prolonged time to viral shedding.
Conclusions: Among 44 consecutive patients treated, anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and long-term administration of antiviral drugs, switching, and combination therapy resulted in virus elimination and 100% survival. Bendamustine use, within 1 year of last treatment for B-cell lymphoma, and multiple treatment lines for B-cell lymphoma were the significant independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding time.
Keywords: Anti-CD20; B-cell lymphoma; Bendamustine; COVID-19; Persistent infection.
. 2024 Jul 22;24(1):715.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09631-3. The evaluation of risk factors for prolonged viral shedding during anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and long-term administration of antivirals in COVID-19 patients with B-cell lymphoma treated by anti-CD20 antibody
Shuhei Maruyama[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daiki Wada[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shuji Kanayama[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Haruka Shimazu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yumiko Miyano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Akira Inoue[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Masami Kashihara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyuki Okuda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fukuki Saito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yasushi Nakamori[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kazuyoshi Ishii[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yasuyuki Kuwagata[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39039440
- DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09631-3
Background: The global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Immunocompromised patients, particularly those treated for B-cell lymphoma, have shown an increased risk of persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 and severe outcomes and mortality. Multi-mutational SARS-CoV-2 variants can arise during the course of such persistent cases of COVID-19. No optimal, decisive strategy is currently available for patients with persistent infection that allows clinicians to sustain viral clearance, determine optimal timing to stop treatment, and prevent virus reactivation. We introduced a novel treatment combining antivirals, neutralizing antibodies, and genomic analysis with frequent monitoring of spike-specific antibody and viral load for immunocompromised patients with persistent COVID-19 infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to report and evaluate the efficacy of our novel treatment for immunocompromised B-cell lymphoma patients with persistent COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive analysis had no controls. Patients with B-cell lymphoma previously receiving immunotherapy including anti-CD20 antibodies, diagnosed as having COVID-19 infection, and treated in our hospital after January 2022 were included. We selected anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies according to subvariants. Every 5 days, viral load was tested by RT-PCR, with antivirals continued until viral shedding was confirmed. Primary outcome was virus elimination. Independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding time were determined by multivariate Cox regression.
Results: Forty-four patients were included in this study. Thirty-five patients received rituximab, 19 obinutuzumab, and 26 bendamustine. Median treatment duration was 10 (IQR, 10-20) days; 22 patients received combination antiviral therapy. COVID-19 was severe in 16 patients, and critical in 2. All patients survived, with viral shedding confirmed at median 28 (IQR, 19-38) days. Bendamustine use or within 1 year of last treatment for B-cell lymphoma, and multiple treatment lines for B-cell lymphoma significantly prolonged time to viral shedding.
Conclusions: Among 44 consecutive patients treated, anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and long-term administration of antiviral drugs, switching, and combination therapy resulted in virus elimination and 100% survival. Bendamustine use, within 1 year of last treatment for B-cell lymphoma, and multiple treatment lines for B-cell lymphoma were the significant independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding time.
Keywords: Anti-CD20; B-cell lymphoma; Bendamustine; COVID-19; Persistent infection.