tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
BMC Infect Dis
. 2025 Nov 24;25(1):1641.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12020-z. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in interstitial lung disease patients and its association with clinical deterioration: a two-year prospective cohort study
Yuanying Wang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dongmei Wang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yawen Song[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Na Wu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xuqin Du[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qiao Ye[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about respiratory sequelae, particularly in the patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal impacts of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection on patients with preexisting ILD, focusing on differential outcomes between single and multiple infection episodes.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted (December 2022-March 2023), enrolling 347 adults with preexisting ILD and confirmed COVID-19 infection. Follow-up assessments were performed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals. Data included demographics, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores, and clinical outcomes. Composite deterioration endpoint incorporating acute exacerbation (AE), decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), decline in diffusing capacity (D[SUB]LCO[/SUB]), and radiographic progression of lung fibrosis on HRCT.
Results: Among 347 patients (82.13% single infection, 17.87% multiple infections), the multiple infection group exhibited significantly higher disease deterioration rates (61.29% vs. 41.75%, P = 0.005). Multivariable Cox analysis identified multiple infections (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.03-2.19), higher baseline fibrosis scores (HR = 1.64), respiratory failure (HR = 1.84), and COVID-19 pneumonia (HR = 1.58) as independent risk factors. Patients with multiple infections showed accelerated FVC% decline (P = 0.016). All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between groups (11.29% vs. 9.12%, P = 0.598). Subgroup analyses suggested broadly consistent risks across ILD subtypes.
Conclusion: Repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections may be associated with disease deterioration in patients with preexisting lung fibrosis.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Keywords: COVID-19; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Interstitial lung disease; Prognosis.
. 2025 Nov 24;25(1):1641.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12020-z. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in interstitial lung disease patients and its association with clinical deterioration: a two-year prospective cohort study
Yuanying Wang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dongmei Wang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yawen Song[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Na Wu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xuqin Du[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qiao Ye[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41286664
- PMCID: PMC12642266
- DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-12020-z
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about respiratory sequelae, particularly in the patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal impacts of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection on patients with preexisting ILD, focusing on differential outcomes between single and multiple infection episodes.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted (December 2022-March 2023), enrolling 347 adults with preexisting ILD and confirmed COVID-19 infection. Follow-up assessments were performed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals. Data included demographics, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores, and clinical outcomes. Composite deterioration endpoint incorporating acute exacerbation (AE), decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), decline in diffusing capacity (D[SUB]LCO[/SUB]), and radiographic progression of lung fibrosis on HRCT.
Results: Among 347 patients (82.13% single infection, 17.87% multiple infections), the multiple infection group exhibited significantly higher disease deterioration rates (61.29% vs. 41.75%, P = 0.005). Multivariable Cox analysis identified multiple infections (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.03-2.19), higher baseline fibrosis scores (HR = 1.64), respiratory failure (HR = 1.84), and COVID-19 pneumonia (HR = 1.58) as independent risk factors. Patients with multiple infections showed accelerated FVC% decline (P = 0.016). All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between groups (11.29% vs. 9.12%, P = 0.598). Subgroup analyses suggested broadly consistent risks across ILD subtypes.
Conclusion: Repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections may be associated with disease deterioration in patients with preexisting lung fibrosis.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Keywords: COVID-19; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Interstitial lung disease; Prognosis.