tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
bioRxiv
[Preprint]. 2026 Mar 6:2026.03.06.710145.
doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710145.
Compartmentalized cytokine networks and systemic immune remodeling in bovine mammary H5N1 infection
Gagandeep Singh, Konner Cool, Shristi Ghimire, Jessie D Trujillo, Igor Morozov, Natasha N Gaudrault, Huibin Lv, Kaijun Jiang, Yonghai Li, Tuvshintulga Bumduuren, Chester D McDowell, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Nicholas C Wu, Juergen A Richt
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 has recently expanded its mammalian host range; in 2024, genotype B3.13 emerged in U.S. dairy cattle with pronounced mammary tropism. In the past, Influenza A virus immunology has been characterized primarily in respiratory infection models, whereas this study delineates immune responses after intramammary infection. An intramammary H5N1 challenge in Jersey cows in the early dry-off period enabled integration of dose- and compartment-resolved (alveoli versus teat cistern) cytokine and chemokine profiles with peripheral leukocyte dynamics and H5/N1-specific antibody responses. Infection-induced quarter-restricted, monophasic inflammatory networks peaking at 3-7 days post-infection, coordinated peripheral myeloid expansion and IFN-γ-competent lymphocyte activation, and rising antibody titers across quarters.
[Preprint]. 2026 Mar 6:2026.03.06.710145.
doi: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710145.
Compartmentalized cytokine networks and systemic immune remodeling in bovine mammary H5N1 infection
Gagandeep Singh, Konner Cool, Shristi Ghimire, Jessie D Trujillo, Igor Morozov, Natasha N Gaudrault, Huibin Lv, Kaijun Jiang, Yonghai Li, Tuvshintulga Bumduuren, Chester D McDowell, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Nicholas C Wu, Juergen A Richt
- PMID: 41846986
- PMCID: PMC12991162
- DOI: 10.64898/2026.03.06.710145
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 has recently expanded its mammalian host range; in 2024, genotype B3.13 emerged in U.S. dairy cattle with pronounced mammary tropism. In the past, Influenza A virus immunology has been characterized primarily in respiratory infection models, whereas this study delineates immune responses after intramammary infection. An intramammary H5N1 challenge in Jersey cows in the early dry-off period enabled integration of dose- and compartment-resolved (alveoli versus teat cistern) cytokine and chemokine profiles with peripheral leukocyte dynamics and H5/N1-specific antibody responses. Infection-induced quarter-restricted, monophasic inflammatory networks peaking at 3-7 days post-infection, coordinated peripheral myeloid expansion and IFN-γ-competent lymphocyte activation, and rising antibody titers across quarters.