tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Biomolecules
. 2021 Dec 24;12(1):21.
doi: 10.3390/biom12010021.
Sex-Related Factors in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to COVID-19
Francesca Megiorni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Pontecorvi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giulia Gerini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eleni Anastasiadou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cinzia Marchese[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Simona Ceccarelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations seem to be correlated with disease severity. COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality show a significant sex imbalance, with men being more prone to infection and showing a higher rate of hospitalization and mortality compared to women. Such variability can be ascribed to both sex-related biological factors and gender-related behavioral cues. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms accounting for sex/gender influence in vulnerability to COVID-19. Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in determining COVID-19 outcome, whether they are pre-existent or arose upon infection. We will pay particular attention to the impact of sex and gender on cardiovascular manifestations related to COVID-19. Finally, we will discuss the sex-dependent variability in some biomarkers for the evaluation of COVID-19 infection and prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the significance of gendered medicine in setting up personalized programs for COVID-19 prevention, clinical evaluation and treatment.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; gender; sex.
. 2021 Dec 24;12(1):21.
doi: 10.3390/biom12010021.
Sex-Related Factors in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to COVID-19
Francesca Megiorni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Pontecorvi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giulia Gerini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eleni Anastasiadou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cinzia Marchese[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Simona Ceccarelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35053169
- DOI: 10.3390/biom12010021
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations seem to be correlated with disease severity. COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality show a significant sex imbalance, with men being more prone to infection and showing a higher rate of hospitalization and mortality compared to women. Such variability can be ascribed to both sex-related biological factors and gender-related behavioral cues. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms accounting for sex/gender influence in vulnerability to COVID-19. Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in determining COVID-19 outcome, whether they are pre-existent or arose upon infection. We will pay particular attention to the impact of sex and gender on cardiovascular manifestations related to COVID-19. Finally, we will discuss the sex-dependent variability in some biomarkers for the evaluation of COVID-19 infection and prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the significance of gendered medicine in setting up personalized programs for COVID-19 prevention, clinical evaluation and treatment.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; gender; sex.