tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Arch Virol
. 2023 Jun 23;168(7):188.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05815-5. The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated and vaccinated populations in Mumbai, India, between 28 December 2020 and 30 August 2021
Venkanna Bhanothu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kiran Munne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shailesh Pande[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Priyanka Singh[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Dhanashree Jagtap[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Clara Aranha[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dimpu Gogoi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sharad Bhagat[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Reshma Gaonkar[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Shilpa Kerkar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karan Shah[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Nupur Mukherjee[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Vikrant Bhor[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Vainav Patel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Smita D Mahale[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Geetanjali Sachdeva[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shahina Begum[SUP] 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The emergence and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that could compromise vaccine efficacy (VE) with re-infections in immunized individuals have necessitated continuous surveillance of VE. Here, the occurrence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of vaccination during the second wave of infection in Mumbai were evaluated. RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of the open reading frame (ORF)/envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N) genes obtained from a total of 42415 samples, comprising unvaccinated (96.88%) and vaccinated cases (3.12%) were analyzed between December 28, 2020, and August 30, 2021. A lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated cases (5.07%) compared to partially vaccinated cases (6.5%) and unvaccinated cases (13.453%) was recorded. VE was significant after the first dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.003429, and E/N gene p-value = 0.000866). Furthermore, VE was observed to be significant when the post-immunization (first dose) period was stratified to within 30 days (ORF gene p-value = 0.0094 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0023) and to 60 days following the second dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.0238). Also, significantly higher efficacy was observed within individuals receiving two doses compared to a single dose (ORF gene p-value = 0.0132 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0387). The emergence of breakthrough infections was also evident (odds ratio= 0.34; 95% confidence interval= 0.27-0.43). Interestingly, viral loads trended towards being higher in some groups of partially vaccinated individuals compared to completely vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Finally, our results delineated a significantly higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in males, asymptomatic individuals, individuals with comorbidities, and those who were unvaccinated.
Keywords: COVID-19; Ct value; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; incidence; unvaccinated and vaccinated.
. 2023 Jun 23;168(7):188.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05815-5. The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated and vaccinated populations in Mumbai, India, between 28 December 2020 and 30 August 2021
Venkanna Bhanothu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kiran Munne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shailesh Pande[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Priyanka Singh[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Dhanashree Jagtap[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Clara Aranha[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dimpu Gogoi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sharad Bhagat[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Reshma Gaonkar[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Shilpa Kerkar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karan Shah[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Nupur Mukherjee[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Vikrant Bhor[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Vainav Patel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Smita D Mahale[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Geetanjali Sachdeva[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shahina Begum[SUP] 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37351663
- DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05815-5
The emergence and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that could compromise vaccine efficacy (VE) with re-infections in immunized individuals have necessitated continuous surveillance of VE. Here, the occurrence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of vaccination during the second wave of infection in Mumbai were evaluated. RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of the open reading frame (ORF)/envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N) genes obtained from a total of 42415 samples, comprising unvaccinated (96.88%) and vaccinated cases (3.12%) were analyzed between December 28, 2020, and August 30, 2021. A lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated cases (5.07%) compared to partially vaccinated cases (6.5%) and unvaccinated cases (13.453%) was recorded. VE was significant after the first dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.003429, and E/N gene p-value = 0.000866). Furthermore, VE was observed to be significant when the post-immunization (first dose) period was stratified to within 30 days (ORF gene p-value = 0.0094 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0023) and to 60 days following the second dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.0238). Also, significantly higher efficacy was observed within individuals receiving two doses compared to a single dose (ORF gene p-value = 0.0132 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0387). The emergence of breakthrough infections was also evident (odds ratio= 0.34; 95% confidence interval= 0.27-0.43). Interestingly, viral loads trended towards being higher in some groups of partially vaccinated individuals compared to completely vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Finally, our results delineated a significantly higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in males, asymptomatic individuals, individuals with comorbidities, and those who were unvaccinated.
Keywords: COVID-19; Ct value; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; incidence; unvaccinated and vaccinated.