tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Antiviral Res
. 2022 Jun 20;105367.
doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367. Online ahead of print.
Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies
Marwah Karim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sirle Saul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Ghita[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Malaya Kumar Sahoo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chengjin Ye[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nishank Bhalla[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chieh Wen Lo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jing Jin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jun-Gyu Park[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Belén Martinez-Gualda[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Michael Patrick East[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gary L Johnson[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Benjamin A Pinsky[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Luis Martinez-Sobrido[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Christopher R M Asquith[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Aarthi Narayanan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Steven De Jonghe[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shirit Einav[SUP] 11 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose serious threats to global health. We previously reported that AAK1, BIKE and GAK, members of the Numb-associated kinase family, control intracellular trafficking of multiple RNA viruses during viral entry and assembly/egress. Here, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we probe the functional relevance of NAKs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. Both known and novel small molecules with potent AAK1/BIKE, GAK or STK16 activity suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, combination treatment with the approved anti-cancer drugs, sunitinib and erlotinib, with potent anti-AAK1/BIKE and GAK activity, respectively, demonstrated synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that pharmacological inhibition of AAK1 and BIKE suppressed viral entry as well as late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Lastly, suppression of NAKs expression by siRNAs inhibited entry of both wild type and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses.
Keywords: Host-targeted antivirals; Kinase inhibitors; Numb-associated kinases; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2022 Jun 20;105367.
doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367. Online ahead of print.
Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies
Marwah Karim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sirle Saul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Ghita[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Malaya Kumar Sahoo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chengjin Ye[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nishank Bhalla[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chieh Wen Lo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jing Jin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jun-Gyu Park[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Belén Martinez-Gualda[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Michael Patrick East[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gary L Johnson[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Benjamin A Pinsky[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Luis Martinez-Sobrido[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Christopher R M Asquith[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Aarthi Narayanan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Steven De Jonghe[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shirit Einav[SUP] 11 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35738348
- DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose serious threats to global health. We previously reported that AAK1, BIKE and GAK, members of the Numb-associated kinase family, control intracellular trafficking of multiple RNA viruses during viral entry and assembly/egress. Here, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we probe the functional relevance of NAKs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. Both known and novel small molecules with potent AAK1/BIKE, GAK or STK16 activity suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, combination treatment with the approved anti-cancer drugs, sunitinib and erlotinib, with potent anti-AAK1/BIKE and GAK activity, respectively, demonstrated synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that pharmacological inhibition of AAK1 and BIKE suppressed viral entry as well as late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Lastly, suppression of NAKs expression by siRNAs inhibited entry of both wild type and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses.
Keywords: Host-targeted antivirals; Kinase inhibitors; Numb-associated kinases; SARS-CoV-2.