Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, full text: (LINK). Abstract, edited. Hat-Tip Shiloh http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showpost.php?p=427564&postcount=1 :tiphat:]
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Dual Infection of Novel Influenza Viruses A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 in a Cluster of Cambodian Patients
Christopher A. Myers, Matthew R. Kasper, Chadwick Y. Yasuda, Chin Savuth, David J. Spiro, Rebecca Halpin, Dennis J. Faix, Robert Coon, Shannon D. Putnam, Thomas F. Wierzba and Patrick J. Blair*
Author Affiliations
Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California; US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia; National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Author Notes
During the early months of 2009, a novel influenza A/H1N1 virus (pH1N1) emerged in Mexico and quickly spread across the globe. In October 2009, a 23-year-old male residing in central Cambodia was diagnosed with pH1N1. Subsequently, a cluster of four influenza-like illness cases developed involving three children who resided in his home and the children's school teacher. Base composition analysis of internal genes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that specimens from two of the secondary victims were coinfected with influenza A/H3N2 and pH1N1. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin genes from these isolated viruses showed that they were closely related to existing pH1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses circulating in the region. Genetic recombination was not evident within plaque-purified viral isolates on full genome sequencing. This incident confirms dual influenza virus infections and highlights the risk of zoonotic and seasonal influenza viruses to coinfect and possibly, reassort where they cocirculate.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the US Government.
Footnotes
-Christopher A. Myers, Matthew R. Kasper, Chadwick Y. Yasuda, Chin Savuth, David J. Spiro, Rebecca Halpin, Dennis J. Faix, Robert Coon, Shannon D. Putnam, Thomas F. Wierzba and Patrick J. Blair*
Author Affiliations
Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California; US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia; National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Author Notes
- Authors' addresses: Christopher A. Myers, Dennis J. Faix, and Robert Coon, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, E-mails: Chris.Myers2@med.navy.mil, dennis.faix@med.navy.mil, and robert.coon@med.navy.mil. Matthew R. Kasper, Chadwick Y. Yasuda, Shannon D. Putnam, and Thomas F. Wierzba, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, E-mails: Matthew.Kasper@med.navy.mil, Chad@namru2.org.kh, shan.putnam@med.navy.mil, and twierzba@IVI.int. Chin Savuth, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, E-mail: savuth_chin@yahoo.com. David J. Spiro and Rebecca Halpin, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, E-mails: david.spiro@nih.gov and rhalpin@jcvi.org. Patrick J. Blair, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA and US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, E-mail: patrick.blair@med.navy.mil.
- ↵*Address correspondence to Patrick J. Blair, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106. E-mail: patrick.blair@med.navy.mil
During the early months of 2009, a novel influenza A/H1N1 virus (pH1N1) emerged in Mexico and quickly spread across the globe. In October 2009, a 23-year-old male residing in central Cambodia was diagnosed with pH1N1. Subsequently, a cluster of four influenza-like illness cases developed involving three children who resided in his home and the children's school teacher. Base composition analysis of internal genes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that specimens from two of the secondary victims were coinfected with influenza A/H3N2 and pH1N1. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin genes from these isolated viruses showed that they were closely related to existing pH1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses circulating in the region. Genetic recombination was not evident within plaque-purified viral isolates on full genome sequencing. This incident confirms dual influenza virus infections and highlights the risk of zoonotic and seasonal influenza viruses to coinfect and possibly, reassort where they cocirculate.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the US Government.
Footnotes
- Financial support: This work was funded in part by grants from the US Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center division of the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC/GEIS) and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, (DARPA) under work unit number 60941. A portion of this project was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contract number HHSN272200900007C.
- Received February 16, 2011.
- Accepted June 6, 2011.
- ?The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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