tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Am J Public Health
. 2023 Mar 9;e1-e12.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233. Online ahead of print.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the First and Second Pandemic Waves in Spain: the ENE-COVID Study
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roberto Pastor-Barriuso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nerea Fernández-de-Larrea[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Miguel A Hernán[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mayte Pérez-Olmeda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jesús Oteo-Iglesias[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pablo Fernández-Navarro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aurora Fernández-García[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mariano Martín[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Israel Cruz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José L Sanmartín[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José León-Paniagua[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juan F Muñoz-Montalvo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Faustino Blanco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Yotti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marina Pollán[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objectives. To describe participant characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Spain's first 2 COVID-19 waves per the Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (ENE-COVID). Methods. A representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population, selected through stratified 2-stage sampling, answered a questionnaire and received point-of-care testing April to June 2020 (first wave: n = 68 287); previously seronegative participants repeated the questionnaire and test November 2020 (second wave: n = 44 451). We estimated seropositivity by wave and participant characteristics, accounting for sampling weights, nonresponse, and design effects. Results. We found that 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7%, 6.4%) of Spain's population was infected by June and 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5%, 4.1%) more by November 2020. Both genders were equally affected. Seroprevalence decreased with age in adults 20 years and older in the second wave; socioeconomic differences increased. Health care workers were affected at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.0%, 13.6%) and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.4%, 8.5%) in the first and second waves, respectively. Living with an infected person increased infection risk to 22.1% (95% CI = 18.9%, 25.6%) in the first and 35.0% (95% CI = 30.8%, 39.4%) in the second wave. Conclusions. ENE-COVID characterized the first 2 pandemic waves, when information from surveillance systems was incomplete. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1-e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233).
. 2023 Mar 9;e1-e12.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233. Online ahead of print.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the First and Second Pandemic Waves in Spain: the ENE-COVID Study
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roberto Pastor-Barriuso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nerea Fernández-de-Larrea[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Miguel A Hernán[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mayte Pérez-Olmeda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jesús Oteo-Iglesias[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pablo Fernández-Navarro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aurora Fernández-García[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mariano Martín[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Israel Cruz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José L Sanmartín[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José León-Paniagua[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juan F Muñoz-Montalvo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Faustino Blanco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Yotti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marina Pollán[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36893370
- DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233
Abstract
Objectives. To describe participant characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Spain's first 2 COVID-19 waves per the Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (ENE-COVID). Methods. A representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population, selected through stratified 2-stage sampling, answered a questionnaire and received point-of-care testing April to June 2020 (first wave: n = 68 287); previously seronegative participants repeated the questionnaire and test November 2020 (second wave: n = 44 451). We estimated seropositivity by wave and participant characteristics, accounting for sampling weights, nonresponse, and design effects. Results. We found that 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7%, 6.4%) of Spain's population was infected by June and 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5%, 4.1%) more by November 2020. Both genders were equally affected. Seroprevalence decreased with age in adults 20 years and older in the second wave; socioeconomic differences increased. Health care workers were affected at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.0%, 13.6%) and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.4%, 8.5%) in the first and second waves, respectively. Living with an infected person increased infection risk to 22.1% (95% CI = 18.9%, 25.6%) in the first and 35.0% (95% CI = 30.8%, 39.4%) in the second wave. Conclusions. ENE-COVID characterized the first 2 pandemic waves, when information from surveillance systems was incomplete. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1-e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233).