tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Am J Health Promot
. 2022 Oct 4;8901171221131021.
doi: 10.1177/08901171221131021. Online ahead of print.
A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit
Mitesh S Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine L Milkman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Linnea Gandhi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heather N Graci[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Dena Gromet[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hung Ho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joseph S Kay[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Timothy W Lee[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jake Rothschild[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Modupe Akinola[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John Beshears[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan E Bogard[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Alison Buttenheim[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Christopher Chabris[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gretchen B Chapman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], James J Choi[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Hengchen Dai[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Craig R Fox[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Amir Goren[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Matthew D Hilchey[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Jillian Hmurovic[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Leslie K John[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Dean Karlan[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Melanie Kim[SUP] 15 [/SUP], David Laibson[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Cait Lamberton[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Brigitte C Madrian[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Michelle N Meyer[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Maria Modanu[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jimin Nam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Todd Rogers[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Renante Rondina[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Silvia Saccardo[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Maheen Shermohammed[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Dilip Soman[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Jehan Sparks[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Caleb Warren[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Megan Weber[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ron Berman[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Chalanda N Evans[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Seung Hyeong Lee[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Christopher K Snider[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Eli Tsukayama[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Christophe Van den Bulte[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kevin G Volpp[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Angela L Duckworth[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates.
Design: Randomized, controlled trial.
Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021.
Subjects: 74,811 adults.
Interventions: Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content.
Measures: Influenza vaccination.
Analysis: Intention-to-treat.
Results: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% (P = .005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as "reserved for you" and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P < .001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as "reserved for you." None of the interventions performed worse than control.
Conclusions: Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
Keywords: COVID-19; behavioral nudge; influenza; text message; vaccination.
. 2022 Oct 4;8901171221131021.
doi: 10.1177/08901171221131021. Online ahead of print.
A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit
Mitesh S Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine L Milkman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Linnea Gandhi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heather N Graci[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Dena Gromet[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hung Ho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joseph S Kay[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Timothy W Lee[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jake Rothschild[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Modupe Akinola[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John Beshears[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan E Bogard[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Alison Buttenheim[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Christopher Chabris[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gretchen B Chapman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], James J Choi[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Hengchen Dai[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Craig R Fox[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Amir Goren[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Matthew D Hilchey[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Jillian Hmurovic[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Leslie K John[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Dean Karlan[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Melanie Kim[SUP] 15 [/SUP], David Laibson[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Cait Lamberton[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Brigitte C Madrian[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Michelle N Meyer[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Maria Modanu[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jimin Nam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Todd Rogers[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Renante Rondina[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Silvia Saccardo[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Maheen Shermohammed[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Dilip Soman[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Jehan Sparks[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Caleb Warren[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Megan Weber[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ron Berman[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Chalanda N Evans[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Seung Hyeong Lee[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Christopher K Snider[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Eli Tsukayama[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Christophe Van den Bulte[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kevin G Volpp[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Angela L Duckworth[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36195982
- DOI: 10.1177/08901171221131021
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates.
Design: Randomized, controlled trial.
Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021.
Subjects: 74,811 adults.
Interventions: Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content.
Measures: Influenza vaccination.
Analysis: Intention-to-treat.
Results: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% (P = .005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as "reserved for you" and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P < .001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as "reserved for you." None of the interventions performed worse than control.
Conclusions: Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
Keywords: COVID-19; behavioral nudge; influenza; text message; vaccination.