Ronan Kelly
Retired 2020
Link to 2014 thread: https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum...eats-ah/159616-africa-outbreak-bulletins-2014
WHO Regional Office for Africa
Outbreak Bulletin
Vol. 5 Issue 2, 30 May 2015
...
3. Overview of the Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa has affected six countries namely Guinea, Liberia,
Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal and Mali. As of 20 May 2015, a cumulative total of 27 165 cases and 11 115
deaths have been reported (Table 1). 3.8% of the cases and 5% of deaths are among health care workers
(1040 cases and 529 deaths).
Liberia declared an end to the outbreak on 9 May while Guinea and Sierra Leone continue to report EVD cases
and deaths. The Ebola outbreaks in Senegal, Nigeria and Mali ended on 17 October 2014, 20 October
2014 and 6 December 2014 respectively.
...
4. Overview of cholera outbreaks in the WHO African Region
In the African Region, 14 of 47 countries (30%) have experienced cholera outbreaks between 1 January and
3 May 2015 (epidemiological week 1-18). A total of 20 058 cholera cases including 289 deaths (CFR: 1.4%)
have been reported from 14 of 47 countries (30%) in the Region. Ninety percent of the total number of cases
were reported from four countries: Mozambique (44%), DR Congo (27%), Nigeria (10%) and Kenya (9%).
The distribution of cholera cases and deaths is shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
Morbidity and mortality rates of cholera are still high in many African countries.
In order to contribute to the reduction of these burdens, WHO/AFRO has developed
a multi-year work plan for the prevention and control of cholera in the Region.
...
5. Overview of meningitis outbreaks
Since January 2015, three countries have registered cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) outbreaks, namely Ghana,
Niger and Nigeria. The Niger outbreak is the largest recorded outbreak from Nesisseria meningococus
serotype C, affecting 13 districts. In Nigeria three states (Kano, River state and Zamfara states) are affected
and two districts in Ghana.
In the African Region, between January-April 2015, a total of 11 838 meningitis cases and 910 deaths have
been reported from 17 countries (Table 2). The case fatality ratio (CFR) was estimated at 7.7%. A total of 15
districts from Ghana, Niger and Nigeria crossed the epidemic threshold as shown in Table 2 and Figure 6.
...
6.1. Cholera in Kenya
The Ministry of Health (MOH) in Kenya notified WHO of an outbreak of cholera that started on 29 December
2014. The outbreak started in Nairobi county and spread to 10 other counties. As of 19 May 2015, a total of
3234 cases including 65 deaths (CFR: 2.0%) have been reported from 11 counties (Table 4).
Cholera outbreaks have been controlled in the following three counties: Migori, Homa bay and Bomet while
the remaining 8 counties are still reporting cholera cases and deaths. Samples tested positive for vibrio cholera.
The Ministry of Health with support from WHO and partners is implementing cholera control measures. Treatment
centres have been set up in all affected counties and health care workers are managing cases according
to national guidelines. Drugs and materials have also been dispatched to the affected regions.
...
6.2. Cholera in Mozambique and Malawi
Mozambique and Malawi are experiencing outbreaks of cholera since 25 December 2014 and 11 February 2015 respectively. Both outbreaks have been exacerbated by associated heavy rains and flooding which led to the destruction of homes and internal displacement of about 124 381 people in Mozambique and 230 000 in Malawi.
As of 14 May 2015, a total of 8819 cases including 65 deaths (CFR: 0.7%) have been reported from Mozambique and 620 cases including 11 deaths (CFR: 1.7%) from Malawi (Figure 5). Many of the cases in Malawi are epidemiologically linked to cases in Mozambique and are occurring along the border. The numbers of reported cholera cases have recently decreased.
...
6.3. Meningitis in Niger
The Ministry of Health in Niger has declared a rapidly evolving outbreak of meningitis. As of 18 May 2015, 7254 cases including 467 deaths (CFR: 6.4%) have been reported. Suspected cases have been increasing very quickly, tripling over the last two weeks (Figure 10). This is the first large-scale and fast-spreading meningitis outbreak caused by Neisseria meningitides serogroup C to hit any country in Africa?s meningitis belt.
Eleven districts including the capital Niamey have crossed the epidemic threshold (Figure 11). Sixty five percent (4706/7254) of cases have been reported from the five districts of Niamey.
Of 1395 samples laboratory tested, 44.2% (617/1395 ) turned positive with pre-dominance of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm); Nm serogroup C (72%) and NmW135 (14.4%).
...
6.4. Lead poisoning in Nigeria
On 15 May 2015, WHO was notified by the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria of a suspected lead poisoning outbreak that resulted in human and livestock fatalities. The outbreak occurred among Unguwan Magiro and Unguwan Kawo communities in Rafi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the Niger State. A total of 48 cases including 14 deaths (CRF 29.2 %) have been reported since 9 March 2015. Children have been the main victims, particularly in the age range of 7 months ? 11 years. High levels of serum lead (between 171.5 ? 224 μg Pb/dl) have been reported in the blood samples of four hospitalized patients.
Lead poisoning is a medical condition that is caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body. It interferes with a variety of body process and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys and reproductive and nervous systems. The common symptoms of lead poisoning include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, convulsion and an altered level of consciousness.
...
http://www.humanitarianresponse.inf...les/outbreak_bulletin_issue_2_31_may_2015.pdf
WHO Regional Office for Africa
Outbreak Bulletin
Vol. 5 Issue 2, 30 May 2015
...
3. Overview of the Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa has affected six countries namely Guinea, Liberia,
Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal and Mali. As of 20 May 2015, a cumulative total of 27 165 cases and 11 115
deaths have been reported (Table 1). 3.8% of the cases and 5% of deaths are among health care workers
(1040 cases and 529 deaths).
Liberia declared an end to the outbreak on 9 May while Guinea and Sierra Leone continue to report EVD cases
and deaths. The Ebola outbreaks in Senegal, Nigeria and Mali ended on 17 October 2014, 20 October
2014 and 6 December 2014 respectively.
...
4. Overview of cholera outbreaks in the WHO African Region
In the African Region, 14 of 47 countries (30%) have experienced cholera outbreaks between 1 January and
3 May 2015 (epidemiological week 1-18). A total of 20 058 cholera cases including 289 deaths (CFR: 1.4%)
have been reported from 14 of 47 countries (30%) in the Region. Ninety percent of the total number of cases
were reported from four countries: Mozambique (44%), DR Congo (27%), Nigeria (10%) and Kenya (9%).
The distribution of cholera cases and deaths is shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
Morbidity and mortality rates of cholera are still high in many African countries.
In order to contribute to the reduction of these burdens, WHO/AFRO has developed
a multi-year work plan for the prevention and control of cholera in the Region.
...
5. Overview of meningitis outbreaks
Since January 2015, three countries have registered cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) outbreaks, namely Ghana,
Niger and Nigeria. The Niger outbreak is the largest recorded outbreak from Nesisseria meningococus
serotype C, affecting 13 districts. In Nigeria three states (Kano, River state and Zamfara states) are affected
and two districts in Ghana.
In the African Region, between January-April 2015, a total of 11 838 meningitis cases and 910 deaths have
been reported from 17 countries (Table 2). The case fatality ratio (CFR) was estimated at 7.7%. A total of 15
districts from Ghana, Niger and Nigeria crossed the epidemic threshold as shown in Table 2 and Figure 6.
...
6.1. Cholera in Kenya
The Ministry of Health (MOH) in Kenya notified WHO of an outbreak of cholera that started on 29 December
2014. The outbreak started in Nairobi county and spread to 10 other counties. As of 19 May 2015, a total of
3234 cases including 65 deaths (CFR: 2.0%) have been reported from 11 counties (Table 4).
Cholera outbreaks have been controlled in the following three counties: Migori, Homa bay and Bomet while
the remaining 8 counties are still reporting cholera cases and deaths. Samples tested positive for vibrio cholera.
The Ministry of Health with support from WHO and partners is implementing cholera control measures. Treatment
centres have been set up in all affected counties and health care workers are managing cases according
to national guidelines. Drugs and materials have also been dispatched to the affected regions.
...
6.2. Cholera in Mozambique and Malawi
Mozambique and Malawi are experiencing outbreaks of cholera since 25 December 2014 and 11 February 2015 respectively. Both outbreaks have been exacerbated by associated heavy rains and flooding which led to the destruction of homes and internal displacement of about 124 381 people in Mozambique and 230 000 in Malawi.
As of 14 May 2015, a total of 8819 cases including 65 deaths (CFR: 0.7%) have been reported from Mozambique and 620 cases including 11 deaths (CFR: 1.7%) from Malawi (Figure 5). Many of the cases in Malawi are epidemiologically linked to cases in Mozambique and are occurring along the border. The numbers of reported cholera cases have recently decreased.
...
6.3. Meningitis in Niger
The Ministry of Health in Niger has declared a rapidly evolving outbreak of meningitis. As of 18 May 2015, 7254 cases including 467 deaths (CFR: 6.4%) have been reported. Suspected cases have been increasing very quickly, tripling over the last two weeks (Figure 10). This is the first large-scale and fast-spreading meningitis outbreak caused by Neisseria meningitides serogroup C to hit any country in Africa?s meningitis belt.
Eleven districts including the capital Niamey have crossed the epidemic threshold (Figure 11). Sixty five percent (4706/7254) of cases have been reported from the five districts of Niamey.
Of 1395 samples laboratory tested, 44.2% (617/1395 ) turned positive with pre-dominance of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm); Nm serogroup C (72%) and NmW135 (14.4%).
...
6.4. Lead poisoning in Nigeria
On 15 May 2015, WHO was notified by the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria of a suspected lead poisoning outbreak that resulted in human and livestock fatalities. The outbreak occurred among Unguwan Magiro and Unguwan Kawo communities in Rafi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the Niger State. A total of 48 cases including 14 deaths (CRF 29.2 %) have been reported since 9 March 2015. Children have been the main victims, particularly in the age range of 7 months ? 11 years. High levels of serum lead (between 171.5 ? 224 μg Pb/dl) have been reported in the blood samples of four hospitalized patients.
Lead poisoning is a medical condition that is caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body. It interferes with a variety of body process and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys and reproductive and nervous systems. The common symptoms of lead poisoning include fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, convulsion and an altered level of consciousness.
...
http://www.humanitarianresponse.inf...les/outbreak_bulletin_issue_2_31_may_2015.pdf