Africa Outbreak Bulletins 2014

[Ronan Kelly]

Previous thread: Africa: Outbreak Bulletins 2012, 2013 http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=184961

WHO Regional Office for Africa
Outbreak Bulletin
Vol. 3 Issue 11, 31 January 2014
https://wca.humanitarianresponse.in...s/Outbreak_bulletin_issue 11_January 2014.pdf




1. Cholera
Between 01 January and 31 December 2013, a total of 49 465 cholera cases including 1 197 deaths (CFR:
2.4%) were reported from 21 countries.
The highest proportion of reported cases were from Democratic Republic of Congo which accounted for 54%
(26 944 / 49 465) of cases followed by Angola (13%) and Nigeria (13%). The distribution of cholera cases
and deaths is shown in table 2 and figures 3 and 4.

In 2012, a total of 94 553 cases and 1 834 deaths
were reported from 25 countries resulting in a CFR
of 1.9%. DR Congo, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Guinea,
Uganda and Niger accounted for 90% (85 293 / 94
553) of the total number of cases and 70% (1 596 /
1 834) of all deaths.

...
2. Meningitis
Between January and December 2013, a total of 88 786 meningitis cases and 1 742 deaths were reported
from 18 countries (Table 3). The Case Fatality Ratio was estimated at 9.3%. A total of 6 districts from 4
countries crossed the epidemic threshold as shown in Table 3 and Figure 5. A total of 28 351 meningitis cases and 2 468 deaths (CFR: 8.7) were reported during the same period in 2012 and 46 districts in 12 countries crossed the epidemic threshold.

...
3. Polio
Between January and December 2013, the African region reported 79 wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases
from Nigeria (53 cases), Kenya (14 cases), Ethiopia (8 cases) and Cameroon (4 cases) compared to 109
cases reported during the same period in 2012. The situation of polio in Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Cameroon as follows:

Nigeria: almost half of the cases occurred in security compromised states of Borno and Yobe, and other cases are genetically linked to these states.

Ethiopia: the current Horn of Africa outbreak
of wild poliovirus type 1 has spread to Ethiopia. Eight WPV1 cases have been confirmed
in Ethiopia, Somali region (Geladi district of
Warder zone). The cases are genetically related to the Somalia viruses.

Kenya: fourteen wild poliovirus type 1
(WPV1) cases have occurred, all from north
eastern province (Dadaab, Fafi and Hulugho
districts). The latest case in Kenya has date
of onset of the paralysis on 14 July 2013
Cameroon: four wild poliovirus case type 1
(WPV1) has been reported from Quest
(Malentouen District).
...


4. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Between January and December 2013, seven countries experienced Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) outbreaks. Yellow Fever outbreaks were reported from Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, DR. Congo,
Niger, Ethiopia and Uganda; Lassa Fever in Nigeria, Liberia and Ghana; CCHF in Namibia, South Africa,
and Uganda. The distribution of these VHFs by country is shown in figure 8.

...
5. Dengue Fever
Between January and December 2013, a total of 1081 cases and 10 deaths were reported from Angola
(1008 cases and 10 deaths), Cape Verde (2 cases and 0 death), Namibia (1 case and 0 death) and Seychelles (70 cases and 0 death). Circulating dengue virus serotypes were 1, 2 and 3.
...

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: Africa Outbreak Bulletins 2014

WHO Regional Office for Africa
Outbreak Bulletin
Vol. 4 Issue 1, 24 March 2014
https://wca.humanitarianresponse.in...es/outbreak_bulletin_issue_1_ March _2014.pdf



Cholera
From 01 January - 02 March 2014, a total of 8 351 cholera cases including 133 deaths (CFR: 1.6%) were
reported from 9 countries in the Region. Nigeria and DR Congo accounted for 92% (7 679 / 8 351) of cases
and 87% (116 / 133) of deaths. The distribution of cholera cases and deaths is shown in figures 2 and 3.



...
Meningitis
From 01 January - 02 March 2014, a total of 4 592 meningococcal meningitis cases and 455 deaths (CFR:
10%) were reported from 18 countries in the Region. A total of seven districts from four countries (Ethiopia,
Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda) crossed the epidemic threshold as shown in Figure 4.



Ongoing outbreaks
1. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Guinea

The Ministry of Health (MoH) of Guinea has notified WHO of a rapidly evolving outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in forested areas south eastern Guinea. As of 24 March 2014, a total of 86 suspected cases in cluding 59 deaths (case fatality ratio: 69%) had been reported. The cases have been reported in Guekedou,
Macenta, Nzerekore and Kissidougou districts. Four health care workers are among the victims. Reports of
suspected cases in border areas of Liberia and Sierra Leone are being investigated.
Thirteen of the cases have tested positive for Ebola virus by PCR (six by CIRI in Lyon, France, and seven by
Institut Pasteur Dakar, Senegal), confirming the first Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Guinea. Preliminary results from sequencing of a part of the L gene done by CIRI Lyon has showed strong homology with
Zaire Ebolavirus. Two of the three cases which were being investigated in Conakry turned negative for Ebola
virus.
...
2. Lassa Fever in Nigeria
Nigeria continues to experience an outbreak of Lassa Fever in different parts of the country. From 01 January
-16 March 2014, a total of 208 cases including 17 deaths (CFR: 8.2%) were reported from 19 LGAs within
nine states as shown in figures 6 and 7. Eighty three percent (173/208) of the cases were reported from Edo
state.
A total of 27 cases were laboratory confirmed.
...
3. Lassa Fever in Liberia
The Ministry of Health (MOH) of Liberia has notified WHO of an outbreak of Lassa fever in a UN Mission in
Liberia Kakata camp, Margibi County. A total of 14 cases including one death were reported from 27 February
to 10 March 2014. Eleven of the cases had been reported among UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Kakata
camp peace keepers, 2 among UNMIL civil/UNPOL in the camp, while one case is from the neighboring community which is related to cases in the camp. All the 14 cases have been laboratory confirmed to be due to
Lassa fever. Although Lassa fever is endemic in Liberia and occurring as sporadic cases in Bong, Nimba and
Lofa counties, this is the first time a case has been reported in Margibi County which is close to Montserrado
County where the national capital city, Monrovia is located.
...
4. Cholera in DR Congo
From 01 January - 09 March 2014, a total of 4 916 cases with 100 deaths (CFR: 2%) were reported from 7
provinces out of 11 (Figure 9 and 10); with Katanga and Sud-Kivu provinces being the most affected.
...
5. Cholera in Nigeria
The cholera outbreak which was ongoing in Nigeria in 2013 continued on an upward trend in 2014. From 01
January - 09 March 2014, a total of 6 149 suspected cholera cases including 67 deaths (CFR 1%) were reported from 40 LGAs in 12 states. During the same period in 2013, a total of 2 suspected cases including
0 death (CFR: 0%) had been reported.
...

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: Africa Outbreak Bulletins 2014

WHO Regional Office for Africa
Outbreak Bulletin
Vol. 4 Issue 3, 23 May 2014
https://wca.humanitarianresponse.in...files/outbreak_bulletin_issue_3_ May_2014.pdf



Cholera
From 01 January - 11 May 2014, a total of 28 793 cholera cases including 438 deaths (CFR: 1.5%) were reported from 16 countries in the region. Nigeria and DR Congo accounted for 95% (27 687 / 28 793) of cases
and 87% (403 / 438) of deaths. The distribution of cholera cases and deaths is shown in figures 2 and 3.


...
Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa
As of 21 May 2014, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Guinea has reported a cumulative total of 258 clinical
cases ( 146 confirmed, 67 probable and 45 suspected) of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including 174 deaths
( 95 confirmed, 57 probable and 22 suspected). The distribution of cases and deaths by affected districts is
shown in table 1 and figure 4.

On 21 May 2014, WHO was notified of a new cluster of cases in Telimele district located 200kms from Conakry. A total of 3 cases (2 confirmed and 1 suspected ) have been so far reported in Telimele. Outbreak investigations are being conducted.
...
Liberia
Following the confirmation of the last cases on 9 April 2014, no new case or death attributable to EVD have
been reported. Thus, two incubation periods (42 days) have passed meaning the outbreak could be declared
over by the Government of Liberia in accordance with the international health regulations. The total number of
cases reported were 12 including 9 deaths as shown in table 2. of these, six cases from Lofa and Margibi
were laboratory confirmed, 2 cases from Lofa were probable and 4 cases from Bong, Lofa and Nimba were
suspected.
...
Ongoing outbreaks

1. Dengue Fever in Mozambique and Tanzania
Mozambique

The Ministry of Health of Mozambique informed WHO of an outbreak of dengue fever on 21 April 2014. As
of 8 May 2014, the total number of cases was 243 (77 laboratory confirmed and 166 suspected) with no
deaths. Cabo Delgado province, the most affected province, has reported a total of 182 cases (126 suspected and 56 laboratory confirmed). All the cases in Cabo Delgado are from Pemba’s sub-regions sharing borders with Tanzania. Nampula province reported
40 suspected cases with 21 confirmed with no deaths.
Investigations are underway to determine the serotype
of the dengue virus causing this outbreak.

In response to the dengue fever outbreak, the Ministry of
Health with support from WHO has developed an outbreak response plan and has established a dengue fever management center in the Pemba Hospital . Case
management, training of health care workers, and community mobilization are on-going. In addition, vector control measures is being enhanced.

Tanzania
The Ministry of Health of Tanzania notified WHO of a
dengue fever outbreak on 21 April 2014. As of 19 May, a
total of 1050 cases with 620 confirmed have been reported including 3 deaths from Dares Salaam, Kinondoni, Temeke and Kibaha districts.

The Ministry of Health with support from WHO is implementing a series of preventive and control measures.
These include development of an outbreak response
plan, enhancement of surveillance; training of health
care workers on dengue management and increased
public awareness. The government issued a press
statement on the dengue fever outbreak situation in the
country on 12 May 2014.

WHO, in collaboration with other partners, has provided
advice to extend the response to all Coastal belt Regions from Tanga to Mtwara in particular. WHO is also
supporting the coordination, risk assessment and integrated vector control activities.

2. Lassa Fever in Nigeria
Nigeria continues to experience outbreaks of Lassa Fever in different parts of the country. From 01 January - 11 May 2014, a total of 521 cases including 24 deaths (CFR: 4.6%) were reported from 25 LGAs within nine
states as shown in figures 10 and 11. Eighty seven percent (451/521) of the cases were reported from Edo
state. A total of 60 cases were laboratory confirmed. A cumulative of 671 cases and 26 deaths were reported
during the same period in 2013. The distribution of cases and deaths reported in 2012 and 2013 is given in
table 3
...
3. Cholera in DR Congo
From 01 January - 11 May 2014, a total of 8 427 cases with 159 deaths (CFR: 1.9%) were reported from 7
out of 11 provinces (Figure 8 and 9); with Katanga and Sud-Kivu provinces being the most affected.
...
4. Cholera in Nigeria
The cholera outbreak in Nigeria that started in 2013 continued on an upward trend in 2014. From 01 January
- 11 May 2014, a total of 19 160 suspected cholera cases including 244 deaths (CFR 1.3%) were reported
from 85 LGAs in 15 states. During the same period in 2013, a total of 3 suspected cases including 1 death
had been reported.
...
5. Cholera in South Sudan
The Ministry of Health of the Republic of South Sudan declared an outbreak of cholera in Juba county, Central Equatoria State on 15 May 2014. The outbreak started on 24 April 2014. As of 22 May 2014, a total of
315 cholera cases including 14 deaths (CFR: 4.4%) have been reported. The reported cases are from the
following six Payams within the Juba county: Northern Bari, Muniki, Rejaf, Juba, Kator, and Gondokoro
(Figures 13 and 14).
...

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: Africa Outbreak Bulletins 2014

Vol. 4 Issue 4, 31 October 2014
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefwe...outbreak_bulletin_issue_4_-september_2014.pdf
...

Overview of reported outbreaks in WHO African Region
Based on data received from the Early Warning System through the Event Management System (EMS)*, 52 public health events were reported to the Regional Office between January and September 2014 of which 94% (49 / 52) were due to infectious diseases; cholera being the most frequent-ly reported infectious diseases (33%) followed by Dengue (11%), Ebola (11%) and Meningitis (11%). The distribution of these events is shown in figure 1 below.



Overview of cholera outbreaks in the WHO African Region

From January - September 2014, a total of 74 127 cholera cases including 1 154 deaths (CFR: 1.6%) were reported from 17 out of 47 countries in the region. Four countries in the region namely Nigeria, Ghana, DR Congo and south Sudan accounted for 98% of total number of cases and 94% of deaths. The distribution of cholera cases and deaths is shown in figures 2 and 3.
During the period under review, the number of cases more than dou-bled, compared to cases reported in 2013, though the number of countries affected were less than that were reported in 2013. During the same period in 2013, a total of 30 916 cholera cases including 640 deaths were reported from 20 coun-tries resulting in a CFR of 2.1%.
...
1. Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa
In the past seven months, the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa has affected six countries namely Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal and Mali. As of 27 October 2014, a cumulative total of 12 328 cases and 4 489 deaths was reported (table 1). 4% of the cases 6% of the deaths were reported among healthcare workers (522 cases and 295 deaths).
Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone continue to report high numbers of cases and deaths. The outbreak is wide-ly spread over large geographic areas with intense transmission (figures 4 and 5)
Mali reported its 1st case on 23 October from Kayes district, bordering Mauritania and Senegal. The index case is a 2 years old child who travelled with her grandmother from Conakry, Guinea to Kayes, Mali. 82 con-tacts have been identified and are under follow-up.
Nigeria reported 20 cases including 8 deaths and Senegal 1 case with 0 death. Senegal and Nigeria have de-clared an end of Ebola outbreak on 17 and 20 of October, 2014 respectively.
...
2. Ebola in DR Congo
On 24 August 2014, the Ministry of Health in Democratic Republic of Congo declared an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Boende District of the Equator province but not related to the EVD in West Africa. As of 28 October 2014, the total number of cases stands at 66 cases (38 Confirmed, 28 probable) including 49 deaths (21 confirmed and 28 probable). A total of 1121 contacts have been listed and all completed 21 days of follow up.
The last confirmed case was reported on 04 October 2014.
The 1st EVD outbreak was reported from DR Con-go in the year 1976 and this is the 7th EVD out-break so far reported by the country.
...
3. Marburg in Uganda
On 5 October 2014, the Ministry of Health of Uganda notified WHO of Marburg outbreak in Kampala. The index case is a 30-year-old radiologist who was working at Mengo Hospital in Kampala. He fell ill on 11 September 2014 and consulted a health care facility in Mpigi district on 18 September. He presented with vomiting blood, epistaxis, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. His condition worsened and was transferred to the Mengo hospital in Kampala on 23 September 2014 (5 days after the onset). The patient?s condition did not improve, and based on the suspicion of viral haemorrhagic; a blood sample was taken on 28 September and sent to Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) in Entebbe. The case deteriorated and died the same day. Blood samples were subsequently laboratory confirmation for Marburg virus disease by UVRI on 30 Septem-ber 2014. As of now, a total of 197 contacts have been identified and all completed 21 days follow-up.
No new Marburg confirmed case have been reported since detection of the index case.
...
4. Cholera in Nigeria
Nigeria is experiencing an outbreak of cholera since May 2013. As of 12 October 2014, a total number of 40 608 suspected cases including 898 deaths (CFR 1.95%) has been reported. An upsurge was observed since epidemiological week 4 (starting 20 January) of 2014. During the year under review (2014), 34 008 in-cluding 664 deaths (CFR 1.95%) were reported from 166 LGAs in 19 out of 37 states (51%).
...
5. Cholera in Ghana
On 28 August 2014, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Ghana notified WHO of an outbreak of cholera that start-ed on June 2014. The index case was a 10 years old girl. As of 19 October 2014, a total of 23,622 cases in-cluding 190 deaths have been recorded (CFR: 0.8%). The disease has affected all the 10 regions of Ghana, Greater Accra being the most affected with 75% of cases and 60% of deaths reported from this region. The outbreak was laboratory confirmed on 6 June 2014.
...
6. Cholera in Cote d?Ivoire
On 22 October 2014, Cote d?Ivoire notified WHO of a cholera outbreak which started on the epi-week 41 (starting 06 October 2014). As of 22 October 2014, 12 cases including 03 deaths (CFR: 25%) were reported from Boulay, in Yopougon East and Vridi3 (Zimbabwe), in Koumassi-Port Bouet Vridi districts, all in the Abid-jan area. Two samples tested positive for Cholera (one sample from each affected district)
...

 

[Ronan Kelly]

No Title

Vol. 4 Issue 5, 19 December 2014

http://www.humanitarianresponse.inf...s/files/WHO_Outbreak_bulletin_#5_ Dec2014.pdf

Overview of reported outbreaks in WHO African Region
Based on data received from the Early Warning System through the Event
Management System (EMS)*
, 56 public health events were reported to the
Regional Office between January and November 2014 of which 94%
(53 / 56) were due to infectious diseases; cholera being the most frequently
reported infectious disease (32%) followed by Ebola (13%), Dengue
(13%), and Meningitis (11%). The distribution of these events is shown in
figure 1 below.

Overview of Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa
In the past nine months, the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa has affected six countries namely
Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal and Mali. As of 15 December 2014, a cumulative total of
18 706 cases and 7 342 deaths was reported (Table 1). 3.5% of the cases and 5% of the deaths reported
were among healthcare workers (647 cases and 356 deaths).

Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone continue to report high numbers of cases and deaths. The epidemic is widely
spread over large geographic areas with intense transmission (Figures 4 and 5)

Mali reported 8 cases including 6 deaths from two districts (Bamako the capital and Kaye). Mali was affected
from cases travelled from Guinea through land crossing.

Nigeria reported 20 cases including 8 deaths and Senegal 1 case with 0 death. Senegal and Nigeria have declared
an end of Ebola outbreak on 17 and 20 of October, 2014 respectively.
...
Overview of cholera outbreaks in the WHO African Region
From January - November 2014, a total of 94 912 cholera cases including 1 603 deaths (CFR: 2%) were reported
from 17 out of 47 countries (36%) in the region. 89% of the total number of cases were reported from
the following 3 countries: Nigeria (38%), Ghana (29%) and DR Congo (22%). The distribution of cholera cases
and deaths is shown in figures 2 and 3.

During the same period in 2013, a total of 44 873 cholera cases including 1 009
deaths were reported from 20 countries resulting in a CFR of 2.2%.
...
Other ongoing outbreaks

1. Cholera in Nigeria
Nigeria is experiencing an outbreak of cholera since May 2013. As of 30 November 2014, a total number of
42 474 suspected cases including 982 deaths (CFR 2%) has been reported. An upsurge was observed since
epidemiological week 4 (starting 20 January) of 2014. During the year under review (2014), 35 874 including
753 deaths (CFR 2%) were reported from 180 LGAs in 20 out of 37 states (51%).
...
2. Cholera in Ghana
The Ministry of Health (MOH) in Ghana notified WHO of an outbreak of cholera that started on June 2014.
The index case was a 10 years old girl. As of 13 December 2014, a total of 28,341 cases including 218
deaths have been recorded (CFR: 0.8%). The disease has affected 126 cases in all the 10 regions of Ghana,
Greater Accra being the most affected region with 70% of cases and 60% of deaths reported from this region.
A decline in reported number of cases was observed
as of week 36 (01 September 2014).
...
3. Cholera in Cote d?Ivoire
On 22 October 2014, Cote d?Ivoire notified WHO of a cholera outbreak which started on the epi-week 41
(starting 06 October 2014). As of 07 December, 183 cases including 08 deaths (CFR: 4.3%) were reported
from 19 districts.
...
4. Plague in Madagascar
On 4th of November 2014, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Madagascar notified WHO of a plague outbreak that started
on 31 August 2014. The index case was a 13 years old male from Soamahatamana village in the district of Tsiroanomandidy
and died on 03 September 2014. As of 07 December 2014, a total of 190 cases including 51 deaths (CFR:
2.7%) have been reported from 20 health districts of 8 regions, Tsiroanomandidy being the most affected district (33%).
10 cases with 1 death have been reported from two health districts of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar.

The case fatality ratio (CFR) of this outbreak is higher compared to the previous outbreaks. Plague is a commonly reported
and seasonal outbreak in Madagascar. The current outbreak is combination of bubonic and pneumonic plague.
...
5. Lassa Fever in Benin

On 10 November 2014, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Benin notified WHO of an unknown disease outbreak that started
on 23 October 2014 in Tanguieta district.

A cluster of cases was reported in Saint Jean de Dieu of Tanguieta hospital. Between 23 October and 14 November
2014, Six cases, all health workers, including four deaths were reported in the pediatric and neonatal wards. They presented
with fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain. Two of the seven samples tested in Nigeria turned
out to be positive for Lassa fever but negative for Ebola and Marburg.

As of the 14 December 2014, a total of 16 cases (2 confirmed, 7 probable and 7 suspected) with 9 deaths (2 confirmed
and 7 probable) have been reported. Among these 6 Heath Workers were affected including 4 deaths. The probable index
case is a 12 day old female baby received in the hospital with fever on 15th October 2014.

230 cases contacts were listed of which 223 completed
follow-up. No new cases were reported after 24 November 2014.
...