tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;123:225-47. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00010-9.
Adaptive immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system.
Libbey JE1, Fujinami RS2.
Author information
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the adaptive immune response to viral infection outside of and within the central nervous system (CNS). It begins with a description of the concept of immune privilege, discusses how immune privilege pertains to the CNS, and presents mechanisms that function to maintain immune privilege in the CNS. This is followed by a brief description of the steps in viral infection from the portal of entry into the host to dissemination into the CNS. Next, the adaptive immune response is discussed in detail to include general information on antigen presentation and the various cell types involved in the cellular and humoral immune responses, characteristics that are specific for the periphery (outside of the CNS) and characteristics that are specific for the CNS, such as the mechanisms by which effector cells of the adaptive immune response enter the CNS (tethering, integrin activation, firm adhesion, transmigration/diapedesis) and what happens to the effector cells of the adaptive immune response once inside the CNS (regulation by resident CNS cells). Viral clearance, via cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms, versus viral persistence, established through incomplete clearance and immune evasion mechanisms, is discussed followed by brief discussions of the adaptive immune response to individual DNA and RNA viruses that can: (1) cause an acute disease, after which the virus must be cleared or the host succumbs (West Nile virus, Venezuelan, Western and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses, rabies virus, influenza virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, poliovirus); (2) persist (measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus); and (3) remain latent (retroviruses, herpesviruses, JC virus).
? 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
adaptive immune response; cellular immunity; central nervous system; humoral immunity; immune privilege; immunopathology; neurotropic viruses; viral clearance; viral infection; viral latency; viral persistence
PMID:
25015488
[PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25015488
Adaptive immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system.
Libbey JE1, Fujinami RS2.
Author information
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the adaptive immune response to viral infection outside of and within the central nervous system (CNS). It begins with a description of the concept of immune privilege, discusses how immune privilege pertains to the CNS, and presents mechanisms that function to maintain immune privilege in the CNS. This is followed by a brief description of the steps in viral infection from the portal of entry into the host to dissemination into the CNS. Next, the adaptive immune response is discussed in detail to include general information on antigen presentation and the various cell types involved in the cellular and humoral immune responses, characteristics that are specific for the periphery (outside of the CNS) and characteristics that are specific for the CNS, such as the mechanisms by which effector cells of the adaptive immune response enter the CNS (tethering, integrin activation, firm adhesion, transmigration/diapedesis) and what happens to the effector cells of the adaptive immune response once inside the CNS (regulation by resident CNS cells). Viral clearance, via cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms, versus viral persistence, established through incomplete clearance and immune evasion mechanisms, is discussed followed by brief discussions of the adaptive immune response to individual DNA and RNA viruses that can: (1) cause an acute disease, after which the virus must be cleared or the host succumbs (West Nile virus, Venezuelan, Western and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses, rabies virus, influenza virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, poliovirus); (2) persist (measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus); and (3) remain latent (retroviruses, herpesviruses, JC virus).
? 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
adaptive immune response; cellular immunity; central nervous system; humoral immunity; immune privilege; immunopathology; neurotropic viruses; viral clearance; viral infection; viral latency; viral persistence
PMID:
25015488
[PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25015488