A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

[sharon sanders]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

The acquisition of Lysine at 627 of PB2 allows the virus to replicate more readily at cooler temperatures, meaning upper respiratory system, and therefore could make the virus more transmissable. Sneezes and coughs would spread higher viral loads into the air than is likely going at present with the Swine Flu viruses.

Once the virus spreads more readily throughout a population with no immunity to the virus, then one would expect substantially more hospitalizations and deaths, especially for those with underlying health conditions. So, one (transmission) sort of goes with the other (pathogenicity) to some extent for those at risk.

Thank you!

 

[thebes]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

This is another of Dr. Niman's commentaries which is relevant:

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05120903/Swine_H1N1_Seasonal.html

This movement of swine H1N1 into the human population is cause for concern. The increase over seasonal flu may be driven by the avian PB2 gene in the swine isolate. Position 627 is E, which favors growth at the higher body temperature of birds. Seasonal flu has a K at position 627, which allows for more rapid replication at a lower temperature, which is consistent with the internal temperature of a human nose in the winter.

The presence of avian PB2 may offer a selective advantage over the summer, when seasonal flu falls to barely detectable levels. However, the swine H1N1 that moves south in the upcoming months will be growing under colder conditions, which may favor the acquisition of E627K though reassortment or recombination. This change could create a more virulent H1N1 in the fall in the northern hemisphere.

Thus, the swine H1N1 may be launching a two virus strategy. The H1N1 with avian PB2 will dominate in the northern hemisphere over the summer, while the H1N1 in the southern hemisphere will acquire E627K and establish dominance during the winter months.

 

[Blue]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Thanks Mamabird and Thebes!

Your posts were very helpful.

 

[Blue]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Oops! Let me not forget to thank you also, Dr. Niman!

 

[Mamabird]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Please be aware also that this virus looks in all respects like the variant "iv" types dominated by the New York sequences, however, NA is a mixture that is predominately found in swine viruses. I have not found any human infection isolates with this mix at positions 106 and 247 of NA.

I have located a number of Swine Flu sequences that have the unique combination in NA of V106I and D247N like that of A/Shanghai/71T and the swine isolates. Interestingly, they are are all, without exception, from Japan. We probably should keep a wary eye out for E627K in the Japan PB2 for all future sequences posted.

 

[wotan]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

What would be more favourable for invasion of the lungs? I can see how the avian component would be more beneficial there (presumably the lungs have a higher temperature. But better replication in the upper repiratory tract could also allow for more chances for the virus to invade the middle and lower respiratory tracts.

 

[gsgs]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

the virus is the Cancun-strain, but it misses 2 of the 11 Cancun markers (C1408T(4),A742G(6)),
the same as Korea/1 and the Japan viruses.
However those have not the other 6 Cancun markers which 71T has.

That could indicate reassortment ?!? 123578 from Cancun,
46 from Japan/Korea

 

[sharon sanders]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

It would also seem that with the development of a more mammalian type of replication gene that higher viral loads could develop quicker in individual patients perhaps leading to some of the faster development of disease we are seeing and be more difficult to fight off. Also the shortened incubation time could increase transmission rates...

Thanks for all the great explanations for lay persons. Also Kent too!

 

[Mamabird]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

What would be more favourable for invasion of the lungs? I can see how the avian component would be more beneficial there (presumably the lungs have a higher temperature. But better replication in the upper repiratory tract could also allow for more chances for the virus to invade the middle and lower respiratory tracts.

Once the Swine Flu virus has invaded and infected its human host, it seems to have little problem in replicating in both the lungs and the nose where the alpha 2,6 receptors are readily found. And remember, most of the isolates collected from humans are nasal swabs.

However, with the E627K change, the viral loads in the nose will likely be even higher than they are currently. So the virus will still replicate in both the lungs and nose, but with higher viral loads in the nose, the coughs and sneezes will spread more of the pathogen into the air for all of us to breath.

If you think that the current Swine Flu spreads rapidly, hide and watch what happens when E627K becomes predominant. No country has adequate medical facilities to handle the influz of patients that will unsue.

 

[Nancy]

Shanghai virus back in 1990

Shanghai virus back in 1990

In case any one else out there is asking themselves, "what's Shanghai virus?" as I was, here is an OLD (1990) NY Times article about it. If it is irrelevant, feel free to delete.

I don't understand why, if Shanghai virus was a significant problem in the winter of 1989-1990, it wouldn't ALREADY have acquired the ability to spread easily during cold weather?? But you're saying this is new? And is Shanghai currently widespread? More than other strains of seasonal influenza? I'm confused.

Here's the article I found:
http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/26/us/us-health-agency-declares-flu-epidemic.html

U.S. Health Agency Declares Flu EpidemicBy WILLIAM K. STEVENS
Published: Friday, January 26, 1990

Centers for Disease Control declared yesterday [January 25, 1990] that a nationwide influenza epidemic exists and that it is the most widespread outbreak of the disease since 1984-85.

The flu, predominantly a strain called A-Shanghai, has been identified in every part of the country, and major outbreaks have been found in 35 states, epidemiologists at the centers say.

''We're in an epidemic,'' said Dr. Walter Gunn, a specialist in viral diseases at the centers, in Atlanta.

Based on Death Reports

The epidemic was declared on the basis of reports of deaths from 121 cities around the country. The proportion of deaths caused by influenza and pneumonia, a complication of the flu, was higher than expected for the second consecutive week, meeting the center's definition of an epidemic.

Because there is a lag between the onset of the flu and death and because it takes a week or so to report the deaths, the figures actually reflect the incidence of flu in late December and early January, said Dr. Stephen Ostroff, another epidemiologist at the centers in Atlanta.

Ordinarily, he said, the peak of the flu season comes in the middle to the end of February. This year, he said, ''the surge has come earlier, and we don't know whether it's going to subside early.''

Immunization Still Effective

Dr. Gunn urged flu immunization for people older than 65, those of any age who are in ill health ''and anyone who doesn't want to get the flu.''

Symptoms include a sudden onset of fever, chills, sore throat, headache, muscle aches and pains, general malaise and a dry cough. Dr. Gunn said simple gastrointestinal upset, which seems to have afflicted many in the New York region recently, is probably caused by viruses or infections other than the flu unless the stomach distress is accompanied by other flu symptoms.

When the flu kills people, epidemiologists say, it usually does so through pneumonia, which develops as a secondary infection. But it can also cause death through kidney failure and heart attacks, Dr. Gunn said.

Britain Hit by Same Strain

Dr. Gunn said A-Shanghai flu has been associated with more deaths and more instances of severe complications than other strains.

The A-Shanghai virus has also been responsible for Britain's worst flu epidemic in 14 years. Much of Europe, including the Soviet Union, has also been affected. In Britain last month, the epidemic put so many people in the hospital that London hospitals had to cancel thousands of routine operations and accept only emergency admissions.

In an average year in the United State, Dr. Gunn said, the flu plays a role in at least 20,000 deaths. ''This year we think it's going to be worse,'' he added. ''We don't know how much worse.''

In the outbreak in the winter of 1984-85, 57,400 deaths were attributed to the flu or pneumonia.

Linked to 7.6 Percent of Deaths

Last week, 1,132, or 7.6 percent, of the 15,090 deaths reported to the disease control centers from the 121 cities were attributed to flu or pneumonia. The percentage a week earlier was identical. Usually, the figure is between 6 percent and 6.5 percent for those two weeks, Dr. Ostroff said. Not since the 1984-85 season has that usual level been exceeded by as much as it was in the last two weeks.

The centers said that last week 18 states experienced flu outbreaks considered widespread, with outbreaks in counties accounting for more than half the state's population. Seventeen other states experienced regional outbreaks, with outbreaks in counties accounting for less than half the state population.

The epidemic did not begin in any specific part of the country, Dr. Gunn said. Rather, he said, ''it has been all over the place right from the beginning and has kept enlarging.''

The states reporting widespread outbreaks last week were Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas, Montana, Idaho and Arizona.

Those states reporting regional outbreaks were New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Delaware, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Alaska, Washington and New Mexico.

Two other varieties of flu, A-Taiwan and Influenza B, have also been detected in limited outbreaks, the first in Alaska, Arizona, Massachusetts and Iowa, and the second in Virginia and Nebraska, Dr. Gunn said. The symptoms are similar to those of A-Shanghai.

Map of the United States showing the influenza outbreaks by state (NYT)

 

[Giuseppe]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

We have to see how epidemic will grow in Hong Kong region before conclude that H1N1 with E627K is more pathogenic than without.

I would like to remember that the pathogenicity determinants we have seen for H5N1 aren't present in novel H1N1 segments; it is also to note that the HA has not developed human-like receptors affinity through known mutations.

In the coming weeks, Hong Kong will enter in the peak seasonal epidemic time, so we will see the rate of new infections, as well as hospitalization and death rate.

Until now, there are not information by HK authorities about severe cases of novel influenza H1N1.

 

[gjs47]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Did I see the word reassortment above? And the 627 reference would be reflected back to:

I suspect the swine H1N1 in the southern hemisphere will pick up E627K, either by acquiring a human PB2 via reassortment, or simply through recombination with seasonal flu.
Thus, there will be a...

On the contrary, the fact that all of the California sequences have a Lysine at position 627 of the PB2 segment is fantastic news. Years of research would suggest that the California virus does not...

......among many, many others from long periods ago advising, warning, educating.

I am an avid FluTrackers follower and have been somewhat disconcerted with all the various messages that have been circulating on the site. It would seem that there is only one truth about this, and that truth is what we lay people need to know to prepare and especially to know what to really trust for managing our lives.

So, do I understand that the majority has climbed onboard with Dr. Niman?

 

[HenryN]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

I have located a number of Swine Flu sequences that have the unique combination in NA of V106I and D247N like that of A/Shanghai/71T and the swine isolates. Interestingly, they are are all, without exception, from Japan. We probably should keep a wary eye out for E627K in the Japan PB2 for all future sequences posted.

Asian NA travel log

gb|GQ253504.1| Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1)) ... 38.2 0.18
gb|GQ250162.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guangdong/03/2009(H1N1)) ... 38.2 0.18
gb|GQ247727.1| Influenza A virus (A/Moscow/02/2009(H1N1)) seg... 38.2 0.18
gb|GQ232087.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guangdong/02/2009(H1N1)) ... 38.2 0.18
gb|GQ223436.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guangdong/05/2009(H1N1)) ... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY041032.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/37/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY041024.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/35/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY041016.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/33/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY041008.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/17/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY040992.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/13/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
dbj|AB470662.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hokkaido/257/2004(H... 38.2 0.18
dbj|AB435523.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/1/2008(H5N1... 38.2 0.18
gb|CY029537.1| Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/1455... 38.2 0.18
dbj|AB355931.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007... 38.2 0.18
gb|DQ376699.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Taiwan/WB29/99(H6N1)... 38.2 0.18
gb|DQ376698.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Taiwan/165/99(H6N... 38.2 0.18

 

[HenryN]

Re: Shanghai virus back in 1990

Re: Shanghai virus back in 1990

In case any one else out there is asking themselves, "what's Shanghai virus?" as I was, here is an OLD (1990) NY Times article about it. If it is irrelevant, feel free to delete.

I don't understand why, if Shanghai virus was a significant problem in the winter of 1989-1990, it wouldn't ALREADY have acquired the ability to spread easily during cold weather?? But you're saying this is new? And is Shanghai currently widespread? More than other strains of seasonal influenza? I'm confused.

Here's the article I found:
http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/26/us/us-health-agency-declares-flu-epidemic.html

U.S. Health Agency Declares Flu EpidemicBy WILLIAM K. STEVENS
Published: Friday, January 26, 1990

Centers for Disease Control declared yesterday [January 25, 1990] that a nationwide influenza epidemic exists and that it is the most widespread outbreak of the disease since 1984-85.

The flu, predominantly a strain called A-Shanghai, has been identified in every part of the country, and major outbreaks have been found in 35 states, epidemiologists at the centers say.

''We're in an epidemic,'' said Dr. Walter Gunn, a specialist in viral diseases at the centers, in Atlanta.

Based on Death Reports

The epidemic was declared on the basis of reports of deaths from 121 cities around the country. The proportion of deaths caused by influenza and pneumonia, a complication of the flu, was higher than expected for the second consecutive week, meeting the center's definition of an epidemic.

Because there is a lag between the onset of the flu and death and because it takes a week or so to report the deaths, the figures actually reflect the incidence of flu in late December and early January, said Dr. Stephen Ostroff, another epidemiologist at the centers in Atlanta.

Ordinarily, he said, the peak of the flu season comes in the middle to the end of February. This year, he said, ''the surge has come earlier, and we don't know whether it's going to subside early.''

Immunization Still Effective

Dr. Gunn urged flu immunization for people older than 65, those of any age who are in ill health ''and anyone who doesn't want to get the flu.''

Symptoms include a sudden onset of fever, chills, sore throat, headache, muscle aches and pains, general malaise and a dry cough. Dr. Gunn said simple gastrointestinal upset, which seems to have afflicted many in the New York region recently, is probably caused by viruses or infections other than the flu unless the stomach distress is accompanied by other flu symptoms.

When the flu kills people, epidemiologists say, it usually does so through pneumonia, which develops as a secondary infection. But it can also cause death through kidney failure and heart attacks, Dr. Gunn said.

Britain Hit by Same Strain

Dr. Gunn said A-Shanghai flu has been associated with more deaths and more instances of severe complications than other strains.

The A-Shanghai virus has also been responsible for Britain's worst flu epidemic in 14 years. Much of Europe, including the Soviet Union, has also been affected. In Britain last month, the epidemic put so many people in the hospital that London hospitals had to cancel thousands of routine operations and accept only emergency admissions.

In an average year in the United State, Dr. Gunn said, the flu plays a role in at least 20,000 deaths. ''This year we think it's going to be worse,'' he added. ''We don't know how much worse.''

In the outbreak in the winter of 1984-85, 57,400 deaths were attributed to the flu or pneumonia.

Linked to 7.6 Percent of Deaths

Last week, 1,132, or 7.6 percent, of the 15,090 deaths reported to the disease control centers from the 121 cities were attributed to flu or pneumonia. The percentage a week earlier was identical. Usually, the figure is between 6 percent and 6.5 percent for those two weeks, Dr. Ostroff said. Not since the 1984-85 season has that usual level been exceeded by as much as it was in the last two weeks.

The centers said that last week 18 states experienced flu outbreaks considered widespread, with outbreaks in counties accounting for more than half the state's population. Seventeen other states experienced regional outbreaks, with outbreaks in counties accounting for less than half the state population.

The epidemic did not begin in any specific part of the country, Dr. Gunn said. Rather, he said, ''it has been all over the place right from the beginning and has kept enlarging.''

The states reporting widespread outbreaks last week were Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas, Montana, Idaho and Arizona.

Those states reporting regional outbreaks were New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Delaware, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Alaska, Washington and New Mexico.

Two other varieties of flu, A-Taiwan and Influenza B, have also been detected in limited outbreaks, the first in Alaska, Arizona, Massachusetts and Iowa, and the second in Virginia and Nebraska, Dr. Gunn said. The symptoms are similar to those of A-Shanghai.

Map of the United States showing the influenza outbreaks by state (NYT)

The virus described in the above article has nothing to do with the isolate being discussed on this thread (other than being isolated in Shanghai).

 

[HenryN]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Did I see the word reassortment above? And the 627 reference would be reflected back to:





......among many, many others from long periods ago advising, warning, educating.

I am an avid FluTrackers follower and have been somewhat disconcerted with all the various messages that have been circulating on the site. It would seem that there is only one truth about this, and that truth is what we lay people need to know to prepare and especially to know what to really trust for managing our lives.

So, do I understand that the majority has climbed onboard with Dr. Niman?

The PB2 is not due to reassortment. It is closley related to the other swine sequences in humans and therefore did not pick a PB2 from a distantly related virus (like human H1N1 or some other mammalian flu with PB2 with E627K).

Some will propose that this is yet another "random mutation" and the match of adjacent sequences with the H7N7 from the dead vet, or the Hong Kong outbreak in 1997 is a yet another "coincidence".

 

[Commonground]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

The Shanghai virus has acquired an important characteristic that may affect pathogenicity of Swine Flu.

A/Shanghai/71T/2009, sample acquired on May 31, has Lysine at position 627 of the PB2 segment.

Bears watching, but this is definitely not pleasant news.

Thank you Mamabird. Can you tell me when this sample was available to the public for viewing? Was it on May 31st?

 

[Mamabird]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Thank you Mamabird. Can you tell me when this sample was available to the public for viewing? Was it on May 31st?

Posted to GenBank about a week ago:

June 11, 2009, 56 submitted by JCVI; 16 by Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, China

 

[HenryN]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

</PRE>LOCUS GQ253501 2280 bp cRNA linear VRL 11-JUN-2009
DEFINITION Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1)) segment 1 polymerase
PB2 (PB2) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION GQ253501
VERSION GQ253501.1 GI:239813009
DBLINK Project:37813
KEYWORDS .
SOURCE Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1))
ORGANISM Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1))
Viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Orthomyxoviridae;
Influenzavirus A.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 2280)
AUTHORS Hu,Y., Song,Z., Tian,D., He,J., Zhou,Z., Zhang,X., Guan,W., Yin,K.,
Wu,M., Chen,Z., Zhang,X., Lu,H., Zhang,Z. and Yuan,Z.
TITLE Genetic Characterization of Swine-Origin 2009 A (H1N1) Influenza
Viruses Isolated in Shanghai
JOURNAL Unpublished
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 2280)
AUTHORS Hu,Y., Song,Z., Tian,D., He,J., Zhou,Z., Zhang,X., Guan,W., Yin,K.,
Wu,M., Chen,Z., Zhang,X., Lu,H., Zhang,Z. and Yuan,Z.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (10-JUN-2009) Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health
Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901,
Shanghai 201508, China
COMMENT GenBank Accession Numbers GQ253497-GQ253504 represent sequences
from the 8 segments of Influenza A virus
(A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1)).

Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus isolated during human swine flu
outbreak of 2009.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..2280
/organism="Influenza A virus (A/Shanghai/71T/2009(H1N1))"
/mol_type="viral cRNA"
/strain="A/Shanghai/71T/2009"
/serotype="H1N1"
/host="Homo sapiens"
/db_xref="taxon:651578"
/segment="1"
/country="China"
/collection_date="31-May-2009"
/note="lineage: swl"
gene 1..2280
/gene="PB2"
CDS 1..2280
/gene="PB2"
/codon_start=1
/product="polymerase PB2"
/protein_id="ACS27790.1"
/db_xref="GI:239813010"
/translation="MERIKELRDLMSQSRTREILTKTTVDHMAIIKKYTSGRQEKNPA
LRMKWMMAMRYPITADKRIMDMIPERNEQGQTLWSKTNDAGSDRVMVSPLAVTWWNRN
GPTTSTVHYPKVYKTYFEKVERLKHGTFGPVHFRNQVKIRRRVDTNPGHADLSAKEAQ
DVIMEVVFPNEVGARILTSESQLAITKEKKEELQDCKIAPLMVAYMLERELVRKTRFL
PVAGGTGSVYIEVLHLTQGTCWEQMYTPGGEVRNDDVDQSLIIAARNIVRRAAVSADP
LASLLEMCHSTQIGGVRMVDILRQNPTEEQAVDICKAAIGLRISSSFSFGGFTFKRTS
GSSVKKEEEVLTGNLQTLKIRVHEGYEEFTMVGRRATAILRKATRRLIQLIVSGRDEQ
SIAEAIIVAMVFSQEDCMIKAVRGDLNFVNRANQRLNPMHQLLRHFQKDAKVLFQNWG
IESIDNVMGMIGILPDMTPSTEMSLRGIRVSKMGVDEYSSTERVVVSIDRFLRVRDQR
GNVLLSPEEVSETQGTEKLTITYSSSMMWEINGPESVLVNTYQWIIRNWEIVKIQWSQ
DPTMLYNKMEFEPFQSLVPKATRSRYSGFVRTLFQQMRDVLGTFDTVQIIKLLPFAAA
PPKQSRMQFSSLTVNVRGSGLRILVRGNSPVFNYNKATKRLTVLGKDAGALTENPNEG
TSGVESAVLRGFLILGKENKKYGPALSINELSNLAKGEKANVLIGQGDVVLVMKRKRD
SSILTDSQTATKRIRMAIN"
ORIGIN
1 atggagagaa taaaagaact gagagatcta atgtcgcagt cccgcactcg cgagatactc
61 actaagacca ctgtggacca tatggccata atcaaaaagt acacatcagg aaggcaagag
121 aagaaccccg cactcagaat gaagtggatg atggcaatga gatacccaat tacagcagac
181 aagagaataa tggacatgat tccagagagg aatgaacaag gacaaaccct ctggagcaaa
241 acaaacgatg ctggatcaga ccgagtgatg gtatcacctc tggccgtaac atggtggaat
301 aggaatggcc caacaacaag tacagttcat taccctaagg tatataaaac ttatttcgaa
361 aaggtcgaaa ggttgaaaca tggtaccttc ggccctgtcc acttcagaaa tcaagttaaa
421 ataaggagga gagttgatac aaaccctggc catgcagatc tcagtgccaa ggaggcacag
481 gatgtgatta tggaagttgt tttcccaaat gaagtggggg caagaatact gacatcagag
541 tcacagctgg caataacaaa agagaagaaa gaagagctcc aggattgtaa aattgctccc
601 ttgatggtgg cgtacatgct agaaagagaa ttggtccgta aaacaaggtt tctcccagta
661 gccggcggaa caggcagtgt ttatattgaa gtgttgcact taacccaagg gacgtgctgg
721 gagcagatgt acactccagg aggagaagtg agaaatgatg atgttgacca aagtttgatt
781 atcgctgcta gaaacatagt aagaagagca gcagtgtcag cagacccatt agcatctctc
841 ttggaaatgt gccacagcac acagattgga ggagtaagga tggtggacat ccttagacag
901 aatccaactg aggaacaagc cgtagacata tgcaaggcag caatagggtt gaggattagc
961 tcatctttca gttttggtgg gttcactttc aaaaggacaa gcggatcatc agtcaagaaa
1021 gaagaagaag tgctaacggg caacctccaa acactgaaaa taagagtaca tgaagggtat
1081 gaagaattca caatggttgg gagaagagca acagctattc tcagaaaggc aaccaggaga
1141 ttgatccagt tgatagtaag cgggagagac gagcagtcaa ttgctgaggc aataattgtg
1201 gccatggtat tctcacaaga ggattgcatg atcaaggcag ttaggggcga tctgaacttt
1261 gtcaataggg caaaccagcg actgaacccc atgcaccaac tcttgaggca tttccaaaaa
1321 gatgcaaaag tgcttttcca gaactgggga attgaatcca tcgacaatgt gatgggaatg
1381 atcggaatac tgcccgacat gaccccaagc acggagatgt cgctgagagg gataagagtc
1441 agcaaaatgg gagtagatga atactccagc acggagagag tggtagtgag tattgaccga
1501 tttttaaggg ttagagatca aagagggaac gtactattgt ctcccgaaga agtcagtgaa
1561 acgcaaggaa ctgagaagtt gacaataact tattcgtcat caatgatgtg ggagatcaat
1621 ggccctgagt cagtgctagt caacacttat caatggataa tcaggaactg ggaaattgtg
1681 aaaattcaat ggtcacaaga tcccacaatg ttatacaaca aaatggaatt tgaaccattt
1741 cagtctcttg tccctaaggc aaccagaagc cggtacagtg gattcgtaag gacactgttc
1801 cagcaaatgc gggatgtgct tgggacattt gacactgtcc aaataataaa acttctcccc
1861 tttgctgctg ctccaccaaa acagagtagg atgcaatttt cctcattgac tgtgaatgtg
1921 agaggatcag ggttgaggat actggtaaga ggcaattctc cagtattcaa ttacaacaag
1981 gcaaccaaac gacttacagt tcttggaaag gatgcaggtg cattgactga aaatccaaat
2041 gaaggcacat ctggggtgga gtctgctgtc ctgagaggat ttctcatttt gggcaaagaa
2101 aacaagaaat atggcccagc attaagcatc aatgaactga gcaatcttgc aaaaggagag
2161 aaagctaatg tgctaattgg gcaaggggac gtagtgttgg taatgaaacg aaaacgggac
2221 tctagcatac ttactgacag ccagacagcg accaaaagaa ttcggatggc catcaattag

 

[HenryN]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

Thank you Mamabird. Can you tell me when this sample was available to the public for viewing? Was it on May 31st?

Submitted (10-JUN-2009) Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health
Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Caolang Road 2901,
Shanghai 201508, China
AUTHORS Hu,Y., Song,Z., Tian,D., He,J., Zhou,Z., Zhang,X., Guan,W., Yin,K.,
Wu,M., Chen,Z., Zhang,X., Lu,H., Zhang,Z. and Yuan,Z.

 

[hornblower]

Re: A/Shanghai/71T/2009 acquired E627K

In the coming weeks, Hong Kong will enter in the peak seasonal epidemic time, so we will see the rate of new infections, as well as hospitalization and death rate.

Did you mean 'novel epidemic'? HK is in the northern hemisphere & their seasonal flu activity is surely over....