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2006 WHO Situation Updates - Avian Influenza Archive

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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt


20 March 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has confirmed the country?s first case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus.


The case occurred in a 30-year-old woman from the Qaliubiya governorate near Cairo. She developed symptoms in early March following close contact with diseased chickens, ducks, and a turkey in the household flock. She was hospitalized on 16 March and died the following day.


Monitoring of the woman?s family members and close contacts has found no signs of influenza-like illness.


Testing was conducted by the US Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU-3), which is based in Cairo. Samples are being sent abroad for diagnostic verification and further analysis by a WHO collaborating laboratory. WHO will adjust the figures in its cumulative number of cases following the results of this external verification.


Egypt confirmed its first H5N1 outbreak in poultry on 17 February. The virus has since been reported in 18 of the country?s 26 governorates. In Egypt, poultry are often kept in close proximity to households, also in urban areas.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Azerbaijan - update 2


21 March 2006

Samples from 11 patients under investigation in Azerbaijan for possible H5N1 infection have now been tested at a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom. Positive H5N1 results were obtained for seven of these patients. Five cases were fatal.


Today is an official holiday in Azerbaijan. The government will issue an official statement on the situation shortly.


Six of the cases occurred in Salyan Rayon in the south-eastern part of the country. All six cases resided in the small Daikyand settlement of around 800 homes.


A 17-year-old girl died on 23 February. Her first cousin, a 20-year-old woman, died on 3 March. The 16-year-old brother of this woman died on 10 March. A 17-year-old girl, a close friend of the family, died on 8 March. All four of these cases lived together or near each other. The source of their infection is presently under investigation.


The additional two cases in Salyan involve a 10-year-old boy, who has recovered, and a 15-year-old girl, who is hospitalized in critical condition.
The seventh case occurred in a 21-year-old woman from the western rayon of Tarter. She died on 9 March.


Two additional patients, from Salyan and the adjacent rayon of Neftchela, have been hospitalized with symptoms of bilateral pneumonia. Testing of these patients is presently under way.


Last week, WHO strengthened its field team in Azerbaijan to include experts in clinical management and infection control and additional senior epidemiologists.


Over the weekend, a field investigation in Salyan, jointly conducted by WHO and the Azeri Ministry of Health, found some evidence that carcasses of numerous swans, dead for some weeks but not buried, may have been collected by residents as a source of feathers. In this community, the defeathering of birds is a task usually undertaken by adolescent girls and young women. The WHO team is today investigating whether this practice may have been the source of infection in Daikyand, where the majority of cases have occurred in females between the ages of 15 and 20 years.


Interviews with surviving family members have failed to uncover a history of direct exposure to dead or diseased poultry for several of the cases.


Excellent collaboration between the Ministry of Health and the WHO team continues. WHO is confident that ongoing house-to-house surveillance for cases of influenza-like illness, undertaken by more than 90 local medical teams in Salyan and Tarter, will detect patients requiring further
investigation. On-site diagnostic capacity continues to be provided by the US Naval Medical Research Unit 3 (NAMRU-3). A better understanding of the situation in animals is, however, urgently needed.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Cambodia


24 March 2006

The Ministry of health in Cambodia has confirmed the country?s fifth case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 3-year-old girl from Kampong Speu Province, west of Phnom Penh in the southern part of the country.


The child developed fever on 14 March. Her condition deteriorated rapidly and she was hospitalized in Phnom Penh on 20 March. She died on 21 March. Samples from the girl tested positive for H5N1 infection at the Pasteur Institute in Cambodia.


A team of officials from the Ministry of Health and WHO have investigated the situation in the remote village where the child lived. Backyard poultry began dying in the village in February, and chicken deaths have continued. The child is known to have played with chickens, including some showing signs of illness.


The investigation found seven residents with fever but no respiratory symptoms. All had a history of recent contact with diseased birds or had been involved in caring for the child. Although none of these people presently shows symptoms compatible with H5N1 infection, all have been placed under medical observation as a precaution. Samples have been taken from these people and other close contacts of the child. Test results are expected next week.


The Ministry of Agriculture has taken samples from chickens in the area. Testing is under way.


This is the fifth confirmed case in Cambodia and the first in almost a year. The four previous cases, all from the adjacent Kampot Province which borders Viet Nam, and all fatal, occurred from end-January 2005 through mid-April 2005.



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Avian influenza ? situation in China ? update 8


24 March 2006

The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed the country?s 16th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 29-year-old female migrant worker. She was hospitalized in Shanghai on 15 March with symptoms of pneumonia and died on 21 March.


This is the first case reported in Shanghai. Her source of infection is under investigation. No poultry outbreaks have been reported in the Shanghai area since February 2004.


According to Chinese authorities, the woman?s close contacts have been placed under medical observation.


To date, China has reported 16 cases of H5N1 infection, of which 11 have been fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update


29 March 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has confirmed the country?s second fatal case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus.


The death occurred in a 30-year-old woman from the Qaliubiya governorate near Cairo. She developed symptoms on 12 March following the home slaughter of chickens. She was hospitalized on 16 March and died on 27 March.


The country?s first case, previously reported, occurred in a 30-year-old woman, also from Qaliubiya, who died on 17 March.


Tests conducted by the Cairo-based US Naval Medical Research Unit 3 (NAMRU-3) have confirmed an additional three cases.


A 32-year-old man, who worked on a farm where poultry were recently culled, developed symptoms on 16 March and was hospitalized the same day. He has since recovered.


A 17-year-old boy, whose father runs a poultry farm in the Gharbiya governorate in the Nile Delta, developed symptoms on 18 March and was hospitalized the following day. He has since recovered.


The fifth case is an 18-year-old girl from the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. She developed symptoms following the slaughter of sick backyard poultry. She was hospitalized on 25 March.


At present, the Ministry of Health has confirmed all five cases based on results from the NAMRU-3 laboratory. Samples from these cases have been sent to a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom for diagnostic verification. WHO will adjust the figures in its cumulative number of cases following the results of this external verification. Test results are expected later this week.


Health authorities have screened more than 350 people who were contacts of these patients or had a recent history of exposure to diseased birds. All test results have been negative for H5N1 infection.


Egypt has a large population of poultry, many of which are kept on roof terraces in close proximity to humans. H5N1 outbreaks in poultry have now been reported in 19 of the country?s 26 governorates. Since the first outbreak was confirmed on 17 February, more than 25 million birds have died or been destroyed.



http://www.who.int/csr/don/2006_03_29/en/print.html

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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 2


3 April 2006

Samples from four patients, previously announced by the Egyptian Ministry of Health as infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus, have now been tested in a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom. Positive H5N1 results were obtained for all four patients. WHO has updated its cumulative number of cases accordingly.


The four cases were described in WHO updates issued on 20 March and 29 March. Two of the patients died. Two patients fully recovered and have now been discharged from hospital.


A fifth patient, previously announced by the Ministry of Health, remains hospitalized. External diagnostic confirmation of this patient, an 18-year-old girl from the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, is pending.


On 2 April, Egyptian authorities announced that an additional two residents of Kafr El-Sheikh, a 6-year-old girl and her 18-month-old sister, were shown to have H5N1 infections in local laboratory tests. Further diagnostic confirmation is pending. Both girls remain hospitalized in stable condition.


Egypt is the ninth country to report laboratory-confirmed human cases in the current outbreak, which began in Viet Nam in December 2003. Four of these countries reported their first human cases this year: Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and Egypt.
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Avian influenza ? situation in Indonesia - update 8


4 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has confirmed an additional case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 20-month-old girl who resided in Kapuk, West Jakarta. She developed symptoms of fever and cough on 17 March, was hospitalized on 22 March, and died on 23 March.


Field investigation found a history of deaths in a chicken flock near her home about one week prior to symptom onset. Chicken deaths in the neighbourhood have continued, but the cause has not yet been identified.
Family members and neighbours have been placed under observation and samples from these people have been taken for testing. Preliminary results are negative, but follow-up investigation is continuing.


The newly confirmed case brings the total in Indonesia to 30. Of these cases, 23 were fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Cambodia ? update


6 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Cambodia has confirmed the country?s sixth case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case occurred in a 12-year-old boy from the south-eastern province of Prey Veng, which borders Viet Nam.


The boy developed symptoms of fever and headache on 29 March. He was initially treated at a private clinic, then hospitalized in Phnom Penh on 4 April. He died on 5 April. Samples from the boy tested positive for H5N1 infection at the Pasteur Institute in Cambodia.


A team from the Ministry of Health, WHO, and the Pasteur Institute investigated the situation in the child?s village yesterday. Numerous chicken deaths and some duck deaths were noted to have occurred in the neighbourhood in recent weeks. The child reportedly gathered dead chickens for distribution to village families for consumption.


The investigative team identified 25 close contacts of the child. None of these people show signs of illness at present. House-to-house surveillance for signs of influenza-like illness is continuing.


This case is the sixth in Cambodia and the second this year. All six cases were fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 3


6 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has announced the country?s 11th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian virus and its third death. The case occurred in an 18-year-old girl from the Minufiyah governorate, north of Cairo. She developed symptoms on 29 March, was hospitalized on 5 April, and died today.


Tests conducted by the country?s Central Public Health Laboratory were positive for H5N1 infection.


To date, Egyptian health authorities have confirmed 11 human cases of H5N1 infection. Three of these cases were fatal. In a pattern similar to that seen elsewhere, all case have occurred in children and young adults, and all have a history of close contact with dead or diseased poultry.
The country?s first seven cases and two fatalities have been described in previous WHO updates.


The eighth case is a 31-year-old Egyptian national who works in Jordan. The man recently visited his hometown in Fayoum governorate, south of Cairo, where poultry outbreaks were officially confirmed during the last week of February. While there, he participated in the slaughter of poultry. He returned to Jordan on 29 March, following two days of travel by ferry boat. He was hospitalized with symptoms of respiratory disease on 30 March. He remains hospitalized in Jordan in stable condition. Given his exposure history and what is known about the incubation period of this disease, health authorities in both Egypt and Jordan have concluded that the man almost certainly acquired his infection while in Egypt.


The ninth case, announced by the government on 5 April, is a 16-month-old girl from the southern governorate of Sohaj. The child?s infection was detected on 4 April. She is presently hospitalized in stable condition.


The tenth case, announced today, is an 8-year-old boy from the Qaliubiya governorate near Cairo. He is presently hospitalized in stable condition.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Azerbaijan - update 3


11 April 2006

Tests conducted at a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom have retrospectively identified an additional human case of H5N1 infection. The case is a 17-year-old girl who developed symptoms on 11 March. She was seriously ill with bilateral pneumonia but has since fully recovered and been discharged from hospital. Early in her course of illness, a diagnosis of H5N1 infection was presumed based on her clinical symptoms and preliminary laboratory results, and she was treated accordingly.


Her 15-year-old cousin, previously confirmed by WHO, developed symptoms on the same day and was hospitalized in critical condition. She has also fully recovered and been discharged from hospital. Both girls, who are neighbours, reside in the small Daikyand settlement in Salyan rayon, where 7 of the 8 cases in Azerbaijan occurred. Active house-to-house surveillance in the settlement has failed to detect any further cases.


Retrospective confirmation of this case brings the total in Azerbaijan to 8. Five of these cases were fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Indonesia - update 9


12 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has confirmed the country?s 31st case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case occurred in a 23-year-old man employed as a poultry worker in West Java.


He developed symptoms on 20 March and has since fully recovered. Poultry deaths occurred in the two weeks preceding his visit to a farm.


Of the 31 laboratory-confirmed cases in Indonesia, 23 have been fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 4


13 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has informed WHO of the country?s 12th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The patient is an 18-year-old girl from the northern governorate of Minufiyah. She developed symptoms on 5 April and was hospitalized on 11 April. She remains hospitalized in stable condition. As with all other cases in Egypt, her infection has been linked to direct contact with diseased birds.


Samples from the patient tested positive for H5N1 infection in the country's Central Public Health Laboratory and the Cairo-based US Naval Medical Research Unit 3 (NAMRU-3).


Of the 12 cases in Egypt, three have died and four remain hospitalized. Five patients have fully recovered and been discharged from hospital.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Indonesia ? update 10


19 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has confirmed the country?s 32nd case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case occurred in a 24-year-old man from Tangerang, near Greater Jakarta. He developed symptoms on 29 March, was hospitalized on 5 April, and died on 8 April.


His source of exposure is presently under investigation.


Of the 32 laboratory-confirmed cases in Indonesia, 24 have been fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in China ? update 9


19 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed the country?s 17th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case occurred in a 21-year-old male migrant worker employed in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. He developed symptoms on 1 April. He is presently hospitalized in critical condition.


The man?s source of exposure is under investigation. No poultry outbreaks have been reported in Hubei Province since November 2005. His close contacts have been placed under medical observation.


To date, China has reported 17 cases of H5N1 infection. Of these, 11 have been fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in China ? update 10


21 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in China has informed WHO of the country?s 12th death from H5N1 avian influenza. The death occurred in a previously reported case, a 21-year-old man from Hubei Province. He died of severe respiratory disease on 19 April.


Of the 17 laboratory-confirmed cases in China, 12 have been fatal.


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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 5


21 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has informed WHO of the country?s fourth death from H5N1 avian influenza. The death occurred in a previously announced patient, an 18-year-old girl from the northern governorate of Minufiyah. She developed symptoms on 5 April and died on 14 April.


The Ministry of Health regards cases as confirmed when positive results are obtained in two laboratories: the country?s national public health laboratory and the Cairo-based US Naval Medical Research Unit 3 (NAMRU-3). Test results on the country?s initial cases have been fully validated by a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom. All cases confirmed by the Ministry of Health are now listed in the WHO cumulative table of laboratory-confirmed cases.


Of the 12 cases in Egypt, four patients have died and one remains hospitalized in stable condition. Seven patients have fully recovered and been discharged from hospital.



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Avian influenza ? situation in China ? update 11


27 April 2006

The Ministry of Health in China has reported the country?s 18th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The patient is an 8-year-old girl from the south-western province of Sichuan. She developed symptoms of fever and pneumonia on 16 April. She remains hospitalized.


According to the Ministry of Health, an initial investigation determined that poultry deaths recently occurred near the child?s home.


Of the 18 laboratory-confirmed cases in China, 12 have been fatal.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 6


4 May 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has announced the country?s 13th case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Tests conducted by both the national public health laboratory and the Cairo-based US Naval Medical Research Unit 3 (NAMRU-3) produced positive results.


The patient is a 27-year-old woman from Cairo who was hospitalized with bilateral pneumonia on 1 May. She is presently in stable condition.


Her infection has been linked to exposure to diseased poultry during a recent visit to the Minufiyah governorate. While there, she stayed in a household where numerous chickens were slaughtered.


The woman is the first new case in Egypt reported since early April.
Of the 13 laboratory-confirmed cases in Egypt, four were fatal. Eight patients have fully recovered and been discharged from hospital.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Egypt - update 7


5 May 2006

The Ministry of Health in Egypt has announced the country?s 5th death from H5N1 avian influenza. The death occurred in a previously reported case, a 27-year-old woman from Cairo. She was hospitalized on 1 May and died on 4 May.



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Avian influenza ? situation in Indonesia ? update 11


8 May 2006

The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has confirmed the country?s 33rd case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 30-year-old man from Greater Jakarta. He developed symptoms on 17 April, was hospitalized on 21 April, and died on 26 April.


An investigation to determine the source of his infection is continuing. He lived in close proximity to pens where animals, including poultry, were kept.
Of the 33 laboratory-confirmed cases in Indonesia, 25 have been fatal.



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