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Expert group of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences answers new questions about pneumococcal infection
2020-01-28 08 : 12: 07Source : Guangming Daily
At present, the new coronavirus epidemic is entering a more complicated period. On January 27, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences specially organized Jin Qi, the director of the Institute of Pathogen Biology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Guang Liang, Cao Bin, Executive Deputy Dean of the Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Deputy Dean of China-Japan Hospital, Executive Deputy Director of Respiratory Center, Zhan Qingyuan, Deputy Director of Respiratory Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Deputy Director of Respiratory Center of China-Japan Hospital, etc. Experts to answer questions of public concern.
Q: What is the difference between coronavirus and new coronavirus?
Jin Qi: Coronavirus is a large class of viruses widely existing in nature. In technical terms, it belongs to the genus Trotaviridae, coronaviridae, and coronavirus. It is a class of single-stranded positive chain with a capsule and a genome. RNA viruses can be divided into four genera: α, β, γ and δ. Before the pneumonia epidemic of new coronavirus infection, a total of 6 coronaviruses that could infect humans were found. After being infected with these viruses, people will show different clinical symptoms from common cold to severe lung infections, such as the Middle East breath we are familiar with Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). As long as it is a severe respiratory infection, it can be called SARI. The full name of SARI is "severe acute respiratory infection", and the Chinese translation is "severe acute respiratory infection".
Now, the "identity" of the new coronavirus that caused the epidemic has been confirmed. Its Chinese name is the new coronavirus Wuhan strain 01, which is classified as 2019-nCoV, and belongs to the coronavirus β genus. The virus was isolated on January 6, 2020. The reason why it is called "new" coronavirus is that the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV discovered in Wuhan this time is a new branch that has not been found in humans before, and is different from SARS and MERS. The successful confirmation of the "identity" of the virus laid an important foundation for the prevention and control of the epidemic.
According to the previous research on the physical and chemical properties of coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS, coronaviruses, including new coronaviruses, are sensitive to heat, 30 minutes at 56 ? C, ether, 75% ethanol (alcohol), chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid And lipid solvents such as chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus. But it needs to be emphasized that chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine) cannot effectively inactivate the virus.
Q: It is said that pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus is milder than SARS. Is it true?
Shan Guangliang: At present, new types of coronavirus infections are in the epidemic period. People are still gradually discovering and continuously cognizing the sources, infectiousness, transmission routes, and diagnosis and treatment methods of new coronaviruses. Based on the currently observed surface phenomena, the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV is simply compared with SARS in terms of lethal harm, infectivity, and speed of transmission. It also lacks clinically systematic and comparable data support and sufficient epidemiology. evidence. At present, China is at a critical juncture in the prevention and control of new-type coronavirus infections. The statement about "new-type coronaviruses being milder than SARS viruses" may be misleading and even weaken the public's emphasis on prevention. What is more frightening is that it is possible Cause some people to have a sense of laxity and fluke.
Chinese scholars recently published in the "Lancet" magazine a study of 41 cases of 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, showing that 2019-nCoV infection has clinical symptoms of respiratory diseases similar to SARS, and the mortality rate should not be underestimated. Therefore, the seriousness of the current epidemic must be taken seriously.
Q: Does the new coronavirus really come from bats? Is there an "intermediate host" during the infection?
Jin Qi: More and more scientific evidence suggests that the new coronavirus originated from bats. But the key problem is that bat virus cannot directly infect humans under normal conditions, and may infect humans through "intermediate hosts". The question now is, who is the "intermediate host"? There are scientific research papers and popular sayings in the society that pointing "suspects" to snakes, tadpoles and other animals require further confirmation. In fact, the determination of the "intermediate host" requires rigorous and recognized scientific procedures, and conclusions cannot be easily reached. It should be encouraged to continue the research of new coronavirus through various scientific methods.
Q: The number of confirmed and suspected cases across the country has increased so fast. Has there been a "super communicator"?
Jin Qi: The so-called "super communicator" is an epidemiological term that generally refers to a person who is highly infectious and is more likely to infect other people than other patients, which affects the speed and scale of the epidemic. At present, no "super communicators" have been identified in the outbreak.
What needs to be understood is that the generation of "super communicators" is affected by many factors. First, according to the law of biological evolution, that is, adaptive changes to the environment conducive to the survival of species. Viral reproduction depends strictly on the place provided by human cells and the required substances, so the ultimate goal of virus evolution must be to enhance infectivity and reduce pathogenicity. Of course, it does not rule out that the phenomenon of enhanced virus pathogenicity occurs within a certain period of time, otherwise the cells All killed by the virus, the virus itself has lost its basis for survival. When the virus mutates in the human body and increases infectivity, the infected person is a "super communicator." And the phenomenon of one person infecting multiple people is not only due to the emergence of "super communicators". Infected individuals produce large amounts of virus (critically ill patients, etc.), more viruses are released through coughing, etc., and they have more contact with others in an easily spreadable manner (face-to-face communication, etc.), and infected individuals have multiple Infecting people in a relatively closed environment, etc., will cause one person to cause multiple infections.
Q: What are the ways in which the new coronavirus is transmitted from person to person?
Cao Bin: From the current situation, more than 95% of pneumonia cases of new coronavirus infection are related to Wuhan. For example, they have been to Wuhan or come from Wuhan. Judging from the incidence of some clustered cases and the infection of medical staff, the characteristics of human-to-human transmission are obvious, and there is a certain range of community transmission. Chinese researchers analyzed a family with a clustered case in Shenzhen. The results showed that the virus sequences isolated from the bodies of several patients were almost the same, suggesting the same source, confirming that the new coronavirus can be transmitted from person to person.
There are three main ways of virus transmission. One is droplet transmission: droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, etc. enter the susceptible mucosal surface; the second is contact transmission: touching the mouth, nose, or eyes of infected persons after contacting something that the infected person has touched, causing the virus to spread The third is airborne: pathogens can be contagious even after long-distance spread. For the new coronavirus, the isolation and protection measures for the above three transmission routes must be done well.
Q: What happens if I unfortunately contract a new coronavirus?
Zhan Qingyuan: Judging from the current situation, patients usually have fever, fatigue, and dry cough as their main symptoms, and upper respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose are rare. About half of the patients will experience dyspnea after one week, and a small number of patients can quickly develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult to correct metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy. Some severe and critically ill patients may have moderate to low fever during the course of the disease, or even no obvious fever. In particular, attention should be paid to the fact that some patients have mild symptoms and no fever. Most patients have a good prognosis, and a few patients are critically ill and even die.
According to a study published in The Lancet in January this year, common symptoms when patients develop symptoms are fever, cough, and myalgia or fatigue. All patients had pneumonia, and chest CT examination revealed abnormalities; complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart injury, and secondary infections. It is worth noting that a number of "atypical" cases have been detected at the local hospital in Wuhan. Patients do not come to see a doctor with respiratory symptoms. Some of them have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, some are flustered, have headaches, suffer from conjunctivitis, and even have only mild sore limbs or lower back muscles. Such "atypical" patients will be the hidden source of infection and need to be diagnosed and isolated as soon as possible.
Q: How should the general public protect themselves? In particular, how should the vulnerable groups with low immunity and chronic diseases be protected?
Cao Bin: The new coronavirus has been confirmed to be transmitted from person to person, mainly by the respiratory tract. Elderly people with low immunity need to pay attention to protection, and young people who rarely get sick should also take protective measures. It needs to be emphasized that for people with “strong immunity”, pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus also poses a great threat. Judging from the current situation, 72% of infected people are over 40 years old, and 64% of male infected people. 40% of infected people have other diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. The National Health Commission issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Medical Treatment of Severe Cases of Pneumonia Infected by New Coronavirus Infection", requiring all places to attach great importance to the medical treatment of severe cases, focusing on the elderly and special populations with basic diseases, and closely monitoring the condition Variety.
...
http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/20...1125506707.htm
Expert group of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences answers new questions about pneumococcal infection
2020-01-28 08 : 12: 07Source : Guangming Daily
At present, the new coronavirus epidemic is entering a more complicated period. On January 27, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences specially organized Jin Qi, the director of the Institute of Pathogen Biology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Guang Liang, Cao Bin, Executive Deputy Dean of the Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Deputy Dean of China-Japan Hospital, Executive Deputy Director of Respiratory Center, Zhan Qingyuan, Deputy Director of Respiratory Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Deputy Director of Respiratory Center of China-Japan Hospital, etc. Experts to answer questions of public concern.
Q: What is the difference between coronavirus and new coronavirus?
Jin Qi: Coronavirus is a large class of viruses widely existing in nature. In technical terms, it belongs to the genus Trotaviridae, coronaviridae, and coronavirus. It is a class of single-stranded positive chain with a capsule and a genome. RNA viruses can be divided into four genera: α, β, γ and δ. Before the pneumonia epidemic of new coronavirus infection, a total of 6 coronaviruses that could infect humans were found. After being infected with these viruses, people will show different clinical symptoms from common cold to severe lung infections, such as the Middle East breath we are familiar with Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). As long as it is a severe respiratory infection, it can be called SARI. The full name of SARI is "severe acute respiratory infection", and the Chinese translation is "severe acute respiratory infection".
Now, the "identity" of the new coronavirus that caused the epidemic has been confirmed. Its Chinese name is the new coronavirus Wuhan strain 01, which is classified as 2019-nCoV, and belongs to the coronavirus β genus. The virus was isolated on January 6, 2020. The reason why it is called "new" coronavirus is that the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV discovered in Wuhan this time is a new branch that has not been found in humans before, and is different from SARS and MERS. The successful confirmation of the "identity" of the virus laid an important foundation for the prevention and control of the epidemic.
According to the previous research on the physical and chemical properties of coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS, coronaviruses, including new coronaviruses, are sensitive to heat, 30 minutes at 56 ? C, ether, 75% ethanol (alcohol), chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid And lipid solvents such as chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus. But it needs to be emphasized that chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine) cannot effectively inactivate the virus.
Q: It is said that pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus is milder than SARS. Is it true?
Shan Guangliang: At present, new types of coronavirus infections are in the epidemic period. People are still gradually discovering and continuously cognizing the sources, infectiousness, transmission routes, and diagnosis and treatment methods of new coronaviruses. Based on the currently observed surface phenomena, the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV is simply compared with SARS in terms of lethal harm, infectivity, and speed of transmission. It also lacks clinically systematic and comparable data support and sufficient epidemiology. evidence. At present, China is at a critical juncture in the prevention and control of new-type coronavirus infections. The statement about "new-type coronaviruses being milder than SARS viruses" may be misleading and even weaken the public's emphasis on prevention. What is more frightening is that it is possible Cause some people to have a sense of laxity and fluke.
Chinese scholars recently published in the "Lancet" magazine a study of 41 cases of 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, showing that 2019-nCoV infection has clinical symptoms of respiratory diseases similar to SARS, and the mortality rate should not be underestimated. Therefore, the seriousness of the current epidemic must be taken seriously.
Q: Does the new coronavirus really come from bats? Is there an "intermediate host" during the infection?
Jin Qi: More and more scientific evidence suggests that the new coronavirus originated from bats. But the key problem is that bat virus cannot directly infect humans under normal conditions, and may infect humans through "intermediate hosts". The question now is, who is the "intermediate host"? There are scientific research papers and popular sayings in the society that pointing "suspects" to snakes, tadpoles and other animals require further confirmation. In fact, the determination of the "intermediate host" requires rigorous and recognized scientific procedures, and conclusions cannot be easily reached. It should be encouraged to continue the research of new coronavirus through various scientific methods.
Q: The number of confirmed and suspected cases across the country has increased so fast. Has there been a "super communicator"?
Jin Qi: The so-called "super communicator" is an epidemiological term that generally refers to a person who is highly infectious and is more likely to infect other people than other patients, which affects the speed and scale of the epidemic. At present, no "super communicators" have been identified in the outbreak.
What needs to be understood is that the generation of "super communicators" is affected by many factors. First, according to the law of biological evolution, that is, adaptive changes to the environment conducive to the survival of species. Viral reproduction depends strictly on the place provided by human cells and the required substances, so the ultimate goal of virus evolution must be to enhance infectivity and reduce pathogenicity. Of course, it does not rule out that the phenomenon of enhanced virus pathogenicity occurs within a certain period of time, otherwise the cells All killed by the virus, the virus itself has lost its basis for survival. When the virus mutates in the human body and increases infectivity, the infected person is a "super communicator." And the phenomenon of one person infecting multiple people is not only due to the emergence of "super communicators". Infected individuals produce large amounts of virus (critically ill patients, etc.), more viruses are released through coughing, etc., and they have more contact with others in an easily spreadable manner (face-to-face communication, etc.), and infected individuals have multiple Infecting people in a relatively closed environment, etc., will cause one person to cause multiple infections.
Q: What are the ways in which the new coronavirus is transmitted from person to person?
Cao Bin: From the current situation, more than 95% of pneumonia cases of new coronavirus infection are related to Wuhan. For example, they have been to Wuhan or come from Wuhan. Judging from the incidence of some clustered cases and the infection of medical staff, the characteristics of human-to-human transmission are obvious, and there is a certain range of community transmission. Chinese researchers analyzed a family with a clustered case in Shenzhen. The results showed that the virus sequences isolated from the bodies of several patients were almost the same, suggesting the same source, confirming that the new coronavirus can be transmitted from person to person.
There are three main ways of virus transmission. One is droplet transmission: droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, etc. enter the susceptible mucosal surface; the second is contact transmission: touching the mouth, nose, or eyes of infected persons after contacting something that the infected person has touched, causing the virus to spread The third is airborne: pathogens can be contagious even after long-distance spread. For the new coronavirus, the isolation and protection measures for the above three transmission routes must be done well.
Q: What happens if I unfortunately contract a new coronavirus?
Zhan Qingyuan: Judging from the current situation, patients usually have fever, fatigue, and dry cough as their main symptoms, and upper respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose are rare. About half of the patients will experience dyspnea after one week, and a small number of patients can quickly develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult to correct metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy. Some severe and critically ill patients may have moderate to low fever during the course of the disease, or even no obvious fever. In particular, attention should be paid to the fact that some patients have mild symptoms and no fever. Most patients have a good prognosis, and a few patients are critically ill and even die.
According to a study published in The Lancet in January this year, common symptoms when patients develop symptoms are fever, cough, and myalgia or fatigue. All patients had pneumonia, and chest CT examination revealed abnormalities; complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart injury, and secondary infections. It is worth noting that a number of "atypical" cases have been detected at the local hospital in Wuhan. Patients do not come to see a doctor with respiratory symptoms. Some of them have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, some are flustered, have headaches, suffer from conjunctivitis, and even have only mild sore limbs or lower back muscles. Such "atypical" patients will be the hidden source of infection and need to be diagnosed and isolated as soon as possible.
Q: How should the general public protect themselves? In particular, how should the vulnerable groups with low immunity and chronic diseases be protected?
Cao Bin: The new coronavirus has been confirmed to be transmitted from person to person, mainly by the respiratory tract. Elderly people with low immunity need to pay attention to protection, and young people who rarely get sick should also take protective measures. It needs to be emphasized that for people with “strong immunity”, pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus also poses a great threat. Judging from the current situation, 72% of infected people are over 40 years old, and 64% of male infected people. 40% of infected people have other diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. The National Health Commission issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Medical Treatment of Severe Cases of Pneumonia Infected by New Coronavirus Infection", requiring all places to attach great importance to the medical treatment of severe cases, focusing on the elderly and special populations with basic diseases, and closely monitoring the condition Variety.
...
http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/20...1125506707.htm
