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Sci Rep
. 2024 Feb 20;14(1):4204.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54421-1. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a co-formulated two-in-one inactivated whole virus particle COVID-19/influenza vaccine
Chimuka Handabile 1 2 , Marumi Ohno 1 2 3 , Toshiki Sekiya 1 2 4 5 , Naoki Nomura 1 2 6 , Tomomi Kawakita 1 7 , Mamiko Kawahara 2 , Masafumi Endo 8 , Tomohiro Nishimura 8 , Minako Okumura 8 , Shinsuke Toba 9 10 , Michihito Sasaki 1 10 , Yasuko Orba 1 10 , Brendon Y Chua 4 5 , Louise C Rowntree 5 , Thi H O Nguyen 5 , Masashi Shingai 1 2 4 7 , Akihiko Sato 1 9 10 , Hirofumi Sawa 1 3 4 10 , Kazumasa Ogasawara 2 , Katherine Kedzierska 1 4 5 , Hiroshi Kida 11 12 13 14
Affiliations
Due to the synchronous circulation of seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is need for routine vaccination for both COVID-19 and influenza to reduce disease severity. Here, we prepared individual WPVs composed of formalin-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 WK 521 (Ancestral strain; Co WPV) or influenza virus [A/California/07/2009 (X-179A) (H1N1) pdm; Flu WPV] to produce a two-in-one Co/Flu WPV. Serum analysis from vaccinated mice revealed that a single dose of Co/Flu WPV induced antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies against both viruses, similar to those induced by either type of WPV alone. Following infection with either virus, mice vaccinated with Co/Flu WPV showed no weight loss, reduced pneumonia and viral titers in the lung, and lower gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as observed with individual WPV-vaccinated. Furthermore, a pentavalent vaccine (Co/qFlu WPV) comprising of Co WPV and quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qFlu WPV) was immunogenic and protected animals from severe COVID-19. These results suggest that a single dose of the two-in-one WPV provides efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections with no evidence of vaccine interference in mice. We propose that concomitant vaccination with the two-in-one WPV can be useful for controlling both diseases.
. 2024 Feb 20;14(1):4204.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54421-1. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a co-formulated two-in-one inactivated whole virus particle COVID-19/influenza vaccine
Chimuka Handabile 1 2 , Marumi Ohno 1 2 3 , Toshiki Sekiya 1 2 4 5 , Naoki Nomura 1 2 6 , Tomomi Kawakita 1 7 , Mamiko Kawahara 2 , Masafumi Endo 8 , Tomohiro Nishimura 8 , Minako Okumura 8 , Shinsuke Toba 9 10 , Michihito Sasaki 1 10 , Yasuko Orba 1 10 , Brendon Y Chua 4 5 , Louise C Rowntree 5 , Thi H O Nguyen 5 , Masashi Shingai 1 2 4 7 , Akihiko Sato 1 9 10 , Hirofumi Sawa 1 3 4 10 , Kazumasa Ogasawara 2 , Katherine Kedzierska 1 4 5 , Hiroshi Kida 11 12 13 14
Affiliations
- PMID: 38378856
- PMCID: PMC10879490
- DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54421-1
Due to the synchronous circulation of seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is need for routine vaccination for both COVID-19 and influenza to reduce disease severity. Here, we prepared individual WPVs composed of formalin-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 WK 521 (Ancestral strain; Co WPV) or influenza virus [A/California/07/2009 (X-179A) (H1N1) pdm; Flu WPV] to produce a two-in-one Co/Flu WPV. Serum analysis from vaccinated mice revealed that a single dose of Co/Flu WPV induced antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies against both viruses, similar to those induced by either type of WPV alone. Following infection with either virus, mice vaccinated with Co/Flu WPV showed no weight loss, reduced pneumonia and viral titers in the lung, and lower gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as observed with individual WPV-vaccinated. Furthermore, a pentavalent vaccine (Co/qFlu WPV) comprising of Co WPV and quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qFlu WPV) was immunogenic and protected animals from severe COVID-19. These results suggest that a single dose of the two-in-one WPV provides efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections with no evidence of vaccine interference in mice. We propose that concomitant vaccination with the two-in-one WPV can be useful for controlling both diseases.