J Infect Dis . Pneumonia following symptomatic influenza infection among Nicaraguan children before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

[tetano]

J Infect Dis


. 2020 Dec 22;jiaa776.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa776. Online ahead of print.
Pneumonia following symptomatic influenza infection among Nicaraguan children before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine


John Kubale ¹ , Angel Balmaseda ² , Nery Sanchez ³ , Roger Lopez ² , Lionel Gresh ³ , Sergio Ojeda ³ , Eva Harris ⁴ , Guillermina Kuan ⁵ , Jon Zelner ¹ , Aubree Gordon ¹



Affiliations

• PMID: 33351091
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa776

Abstract

Influenza is associated with primary viral and secondary bacterial pneumonias; however, the dynamics of this relationship in populations with varied levels of pneumococcal vaccination remain unclear. We conducted nested matched case-control studies in two prospective cohorts of Nicaraguan children aged 2-14 years: one before PCV introduction (2008-2010) and one following its introduction and near universal adoption (2011-2018). The association between influenza and pneumonia was similar in both cohorts. Participants with influenza (across types/subtypes) had higher odds of developing pneumonia in the month following influenza infection. These findings underscore the importance of considering influenza in interventions to reduce global pneumonia burden.

Keywords: Nicaragua; child health; global health; influenza; pneumonia.