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  • Mpox African region (WHO Africa, Week 22: 22-28 May 2023)

    WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
    AND OTHER EMERGENCIES


    Week 22 : 23 - 29 May 2022
    Data as reported by: 17:00; 29 May 2022
    ...

    Monkeypox African region

    1 408 cases
    66 Death
    4.7% CFR



    EVENT DESCRIPTION

    Human monkeypox cases continue to be reported across the
    African region since the beginning of the year. As of 26 May
    2022, there have been 1 408 suspected cases with 66 deaths
    (case fatality ratio 4.7%) reported from seven countries across
    the African region: Cameroon (28 cases with two deaths), Central
    African Republic (17 cases with two deaths), Congo (seven cases
    with three deaths), Democratic Republic of the Congo (1 284
    cases with 58 deaths), Liberia (four cases with zero deaths),
    Nigeria (66 cases with one death), and Sierra Leone (two cases
    with zero deaths).

    A total of 44 cases have been confirmed for monkeypox virus
    infection across five countries, namely, Cameroon (three), Central
    African Republic (eight), Congo (two), Democratic Republic of
    the Congo (10), and Nigeria (21).

    Since its first detection in the region in 1970 in the Democratic
    Republic of the Congo, cases of human monkeypox were reported
    sporadically until 2017. Cases spiked in 2017, with a total of 2
    828 suspected cases with 69 deaths reported from five countries
    and continue to increase annually with a peak of 6 368 suspected
    cases with 231 deaths reported from seven countries in 2020.
    The reasons for these spikes are not fully known but may be due
    to deforestation and the encroachment of people into the habitats
    of monkeypox animal hosts. Cases dropped by 49% (n= 3 240)
    in 2021 compared to the previous year.

    Since 2017, a cumulative total of 23 428 suspected cases with
    589 deaths (CFR 2.5%) have been reported from seven countries
    across the region. Of these, 409 were laboratory-confirmed for
    monkeypox virus infection. The Democratic Republic of the
    Congo accounts for the highest burden, reporting 96% (n=22
    379) of the cumulative suspected cases since 2017.

    Suspected cases of human monkeypox in the Democratic
    Republic of the Congo have been reported from 87 health zones
    across 18 provinces since the beginning of 2022.

    From 1 January – 8 May 2022, a total of 1 284 suspected cases
    with 58 deaths (CFR 4.5%) were reported. The most affected
    provinces accounting for 71% of the total cases reported in 2022
    are Sankuru (n=468, 36.4%), Tshopo (n=169, 13.2%), Ecuador
    (n=168, 13.1%), and Tshuapa (n=108, 8.4%). A total of 10 cases
    out of 19 sampled were confirmed positive for monkeypox virus
    infection.

    In Nigeria, 66 suspected cases with one death have been reported
    from nine states. Of these, 21 cases were laboratory-confirmed
    from the following states: Adamawa (5), Bayelsa (2), Cross River
    (2), Delta (2), Federal Capital Territory (2), Imo (1), Kano (2),
    Lagos (4), and River (1). One death was recorded in a 40-year-old
    male with renal co-morbidity.

    See the dashboard below for other countries reporting outbreaks
    of monkeypox in the African region.

    Most outbreaks across affected countries have occurred in
    hard-to-reach forest communities. An increase in the number of
    districts reporting cases since 2017 has been observed, indicating
    a geographic spread of the disease.

    Results of genomic analysis showed two clades, West and Central
    Africa, of the monkeypox virus across the African region. While
    the Central African clade has been exclusively found in countries of
    the Central African belt, the West African clade has been identified
    in West Africa and parts of Cameroon. The Central African clade
    has been associated with higher virulence than the West African
    clade.

    The ongoing outbreaks in Congo, Cameroon, Central African
    Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria are
    unrelated to the events of monkeypox reported from 23 countries
    across the European, American, Eastern Mediterranean, and
    Western Pacific Regions. Although epidemiological investigations
    are ongoing, no travel or exposure links to areas reporting
    monkeypox cases in Africa have so far been established for the
    majority of cases reported outside of the African region. The
    sudden and unexpected appearance of monkeypox simultaneously
    in several countries outside of the African region suggests that
    there may have been undetected transmission for possibly an
    extended period of time.

    PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

    All affected countries have established One-Health
    committees to coordinate partners and multi-sectoral
    response to the monkeypox outbreaks.
    In Nigeria, the National Multisectoral Emergency Operations
    Centre has been activated at level 2 to coordinate response
    to the outbreak.

    As part of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
    (IDSR) strategy, all affected countries have included
    monkeypox among the list of priority diseases for immediate
    notification.

    Surveillance for improved case detection is being
    strengthened through training of health workers. In Nigeria,
    enhanced surveillance for monkeypox is being conducted in
    high burden states such as Delta, Bayelsa, and River states.

    Capacity of diagnostic tests are available at national reference
    laboratories in Cameroon, Central African Republic,
    Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria.

    Rapid response teams are being mobilized in Cameroon,
    Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria to conduct
    detailed epidemiological investigation of monkeypox
    outbreak events.

    Identified cases are being provided clinical care. In the Central
    African Republic, a treatment centre in Mbaïki district, one of
    the hotspot areas for monkeypox, has been setup to provide
    clinical care for cases.
    ...
    View/Open

    OEW22-2329052022.pdf (‎2.568Mb)‎

    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

  • #2
    WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
    AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

    Week 34: 15 - 21 August 2022
    Data as reported by: 17:00; 21 August 2022

    ...
    Monkeypox Multiple Countries

    404 cases
    7 Deaths
    17.0% CFR


    EVENT DESCRIPTION

    Following the second sitting of the International Health
    Regulations (IHR) emergency committee, the Director General
    of WHO declared the multi-country Monkeypox outbreak a
    public health event of international concern (PHEIC). This was
    based mainly on the fact that the outbreak was spreading rapidly
    through new modes of transmission, about which too little is
    understood and meets the criteria in the IHR 2005.

    The multi-country monkeypox outbreak continues to evolve
    insidiously in the Africa continent. Between 8 and 17 August 2022,
    28 new confirmed cases were reported from three countries in
    AFRO region; Nigeria (15), Ghana (12) and South Africa (1), with
    no new death reported during the same period. There are eight
    countries which have not reported new cases for over 21 days,
    the maximum incubation period of the disease.

    As of 17 August 2022, there have been 406 confirmed cases
    of monkeypox reported in 11 African countries; Nigeria (172),
    Democratic Republic of the Congo (163), Ghana (47), Cameroon
    (7), South Africa (4), Benin (3), Central Africa Republic (3), Congo
    (3), Liberia (2), Morocco (1), Sudan (1), with seven deaths.
    These represent 1.0% and 58.0% of global cases and deaths
    respectively. The top reporting countries; Nigeria (172 cases)
    and Democratic Republic of the Congo (163 cases) account for
    83.0% of all confirmed cases in Africa.

    Based on 291 confirmed cases with available information on age
    and gender, 59% of the confirmed cases are males. The most
    affected age groups were between 9 and 32 years, with a median
    age of 20 years. While children have also been affected, the
    analysis shows that Africa’s young and most active age group is
    the most exposed.

    Currently, there are two distinct patterns of transmission in
    Africa: the first one involves the sporadic transmission of
    monkeypox cases in remote rural communities, mainly in Central
    Africa around the Congo Basin; and a second insidious sustained
    person-to-person transmission in rural-peri-urban-urban
    communities, mainly in West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana).
    Between 1 January and 17 August 2022, a total of 37 736
    laboratory-confirmed cases and 179 probable cases, including
    12 deaths, have been reported to WHO from 93 Member States
    across all six WHO regions.

    The number of weekly reported new cases globally has increased
    by 20.3% in week 32 (08 Aug - 14 Aug) (7 477 cases) compared
    to week 31 (01 Aug - 07 Aug) (6 217 cases). The 10 most affected
    countries globally are: United States of America (11 915), Spain
    (5 792), Germany (3 187), The United Kingdom (3 055), Brazil (2
    985), France (2 749), Canada (1 059), Netherlands (1 029), Peru
    (834), and Portugal (770). Together, these countries account for
    88.4% of the cases reported globally.

    PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

    WHO continues to provide technical assistance to countries
    to enhance their readiness to respond to potential monkeypox
    outbreaks promptly and effectively.

    A dedicated monkeypox incident management support
    system has been established at AFRO and in the respective
    countries to strengthen coordination and harmonize the
    response.

    Surveillance technical guidelines and reporting tools have
    been developed and disseminated to all countries to facilitate
    case detection, reporting, case investigations, contact tracing
    and follow-up.

    Standard and community case definitions for Monkeypox
    have been incorporated into the priority diseases list and
    reporting tools and disseminated to various levels of the
    healthcare systems to enhance surveillance.

    A system for proactive information and data gathering
    using the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS)
    platform has been established to improve signal detection
    and verification with the national authorities.

    An epidemiology analytics cell has been established at AFRO
    to improve data capture, management, analysis, interpretation
    and use of the resulting information for decision-making.

    A monkeypox vaccination strategy has been developed to
    guide the identification of high-risk and priority groups for
    vaccination.

    SITUATION INTERPRETATION

    The multi-country monkeypox outbreak continues to evolve
    in Africa, with 11 countries affected from January to August
    2022. However, most cases (> 90 %) have been reported in
    countries that previously notified monkeypox cases. Ghana and
    South Africa need more attention since they have not reported
    monkeypox outbreaks previously. Improved case investigations
    and testing of suspected cases is required. In addition, enhanced
    risk communication and community engagement are needed
    to overcome the no urgency attached to monkeypox. WHO
    is providing necessary support to improve surveillance and
    laboratory capacity, including genomic surveillance in affected
    countries.

    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

    Comment


    • #3
      WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
      AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

      Week 35: 22 - 28 August 2022
      Data as reported by: 17:00; 28 August 2022

      ...

      Monkeypox Multiple Countries

      449 cases
      9 Deaths
      2.0% CFR


      EVENT DESCRIPTION

      The African continent continues to respond to the Monkeypox
      pandemic, however, with an increasing trend observed
      since April 2022. As of August 28 2022, there have been 449
      confirmed cases of Monkeypox reported in 11 African countries:
      (Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (195), Nigeria (172),
      Ghana (56), Cameroon (7), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3),
      Central Africa Republic (CAR) (3), Congo (3), Liberia (2), Sudan
      (2), and Morocco (1).

      In addition, nine deaths have been reported from Nigeria (4),
      Ghana (3), and CAR (2). The number of Monkeypox cases and
      deaths in Africa represents 1.0% and 60.0% of global cases and
      fatalities, respectively.

      The top three countries reporting the highest number of
      confirmed cases include; DRC 195 (43.6%), Nigeria 172 (38.5%),
      and Ghana 56 (12.5%), accounting for 94.6% (n = 423) of all
      confirmed cases. An average age of 21 years has been noted
      among all Monkeypox cases reported. Males (59%) have been
      more affected than females.

      Between 18 and 28 August 2022, 34 new confirmed cases were
      reported from three countries in the African region; DRC (32),
      South Sudan (1) and South Africa (1). No new country has
      reported a monkeypox case in the previous week.

      Between 1 January and 28 August 2022, 47 652 laboratory
      confirmed Monkeypox cases were reported globally. Similarly, 15
      deaths were reported from Brazil (1), Cuba (1), Ecuador (1), India
      (1), CAR (2), Spain (2), Ghana (3), and Nigeria (4) across all six
      WHO regions. Between 20 and 26 August 2022, there was an
      increase of 15% in the number of cases reported globally. During
      the period, 23% increase was reported in the WHO Region of the
      Americas, 13% in the WHO Western Pacific Region; 8% in the
      WHO South-East Asia Region; 7% in the WHO European Region;
      and 3% in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.

      PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

      WHO continues to provide technical assistance to countries
      to enhance their readiness to respond to potential monkeypox
      outbreaks promptly and effectively.

      A dedicated monkeypox incident management support
      system has been established at AFRO and in the respective
      countries to strengthen coordination and harmonize the
      response.

      Ghana is currently sensitising all regions on the monkeypox
      disease and its preventive measures.

      Standard and community case definitions for Monkeypox
      have been incorporated into the priority diseases list and
      reporting tools and disseminated to various levels of the
      healthcare systems to enhance surveillance.

      Surveillance technical guidelines and reporting tools have
      been developed and disseminated to all countries to facilitate
      case detection, reporting, case investigations, contact tracing
      and follow-up.

      A system for proactive information and data gathering using
      the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources platform was
      established to improve signal detection and verification with
      the national authorities.

      An epidemiology analytics cell has been established at AFRO
      to improve data capture, management, analysis, interpretation
      and use of the resulting information for decision-making.

      A monkeypox vaccination strategy has been developed to
      guide the identification of high-risk and priority groups for
      vaccination.

      SITUATION INTERPRETATION

      No new country reported a Monkeypox case in Africa in the
      past seven days. DRC, Nigeria and Ghana continue to report the
      highest burden of disease. New weekly cases were reported from
      three countries in the AFRO region, including the Democratic
      Republic of Congo, South Sudan and South Africa. More than
      half of the confirmed monkeypox cases are males. Improved case
      investigations and testing of suspected cases are required. WHO
      AFRO is providing necessary support to improve surveillance and
      laboratory capacity, including genomic surveillance in affected
      countries.

      "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
      -Nelson Mandela

      Comment


      • #4
        WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
        AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

        Week 36: 29 August - 4 September 2022
        Data as reported by: 17:00; 4 September 2022

        ...

        Monkeypox Multiple Countries 1.9%

        524 cases
        10 Deaths
        1.9% CFR


        EVENT DESCRIPTION

        The number of newly confirmed monkeypox cases has continued
        to increase in African countries since January 2022. Between
        August 28 and 4 September 2022, the number of confirmed
        monkeypox cases increased by 12.7% (59), with one additional
        death reported in Ghana. Within this period, three countries
        reported new cases, including Nigeria (48), Ghana (9) and
        Morocco (2). In Africa, 11 countries have reported monkeypox
        cases, (Nigeria (220), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
        (195), Ghana (76), Cameroon (7), South Africa (5), Benin Republic
        (3), Central Africa Republic (CAR) (3), Congo (3), Morocco (3),
        Liberia (2), and Sudan (2).

        Nigeria (42.0%), DRC (37.2%) and Ghana (14.5%) remain
        the top three countries reporting the highest number of cases,
        accounting for 95.0% of all confirmed cases. More than half
        (59%) of monkeypox cases in Africa are males with an average
        age of 21 years.

        In the past week, Ghana recorded the fourth death, making a total
        of 10 deaths in Africa. Nigeria (4), Ghana (3), and CAR (2). The
        number of Monkeypox cases and deaths in Africa represents
        1.0% and 58.8% of global cases and fatalities, respectively. No
        new country has reported a monkeypox case in the previous
        week.

        Between 1 January and 4 September 2022, 51 163 laboratory
        confirmed and 302 probable Monkeypox cases were reported
        globally. Similarly, 17 deaths were reported from Belgium (1),
        Brazil (1), Cuba (1), Ecuador (1), India (1), CAR (2), Spain (2),
        Ghana (4), and Nigeria (4) across all six WHO regions. WHO
        Region of the Americas (27 803; 54.3%) and European region (22
        648; 44.3%) reported the highest number of cases. The top ten
        countries with the highest number of Monkeypox cases include
        the United States of America (18 303), Spain (6543), Brazil (4
        876), France (3 558), Germany (3 480), The United Kingdom
        (3.413), Peru (1.496), Canada (1.228), Netherlands (1,166), and
        Portugal (846).

        PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

        WHO has developed a policy response tracker to understand
        better the characteristics of response measures put in place
        by countries and their impact on epidemic trends

        Daily tracking, monitoring and response to rumours and
        misinformation of monkeypox is currently ongoing in Nigeria

        WHO continues to provide technical assistance to countries
        to enhance their readiness to respond to potential monkeypox
        outbreaks promptly and effectively.

        Liberia to conduct refresher training for surveillance officers
        and laboratory technicians on case detection and specimen
        collection

        A dedicated monkeypox incident management support
        system has been established at AFRO and in the respective
        countries to strengthen coordination and harmonize the
        response.

        Standard and community case definitions for monkeypox
        have been incorporated into the priority diseases list and
        reporting tools and disseminated to various levels of the
        healthcare systems to enhance surveillance.

        Surveillance technical guidelines and reporting tools have
        been developed and disseminated to all countries to facilitate
        case detection, reporting, case investigations, contact tracing
        and follow-up.

        A system for proactive information and data gathering using
        the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources platform was
        established to improve signal detection and verification with
        the national authorities.

        An epidemiology analytics cell has been established at AFRO
        to improve data capture, management, analysis, interpretation
        and use of the resulting information for decision-making.


        SITUATION INTERPRETATION
        No new country reported a Monkeypox case in Africa in the past seven days. One new death was reported in Ghana. Nigeria, DRC,
        and Ghana continue to report the highest disease burden. New weekly cases were reported from two countries in the WHO African
        region, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo. More than half of the confirmed monkeypox cases are males. Improved
        case investigations and testing of suspected cases are required. WHO is providing necessary support to enhance surveillance and
        laboratory capacity, including genomic surveillance in affected countries.


        "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
        -Nelson Mandela

        Comment


        • #5
          WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
          AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

          Week 37: 5 - 11 September 2022
          Data as reported by: 17:00; 11 September 2022

          ...

          Monkeypox Multiple Countries

          590 cases
          12 Deaths
          2.0% CFR


          EVENT DESCRIPTION

          The number of confirmed monkeypox cases in Africa has
          increased by 12.6% from 524 in Week 35 (29 Aug - 04 Sept) to
          590 in week 36 (5 Sep - 11 Sep). In the past week, three countries
          reported 66 new cases, including Ghana (8) and Liberia (1). An
          additional 57 cases were retrospectively reported from Nigeria.
          Nigeria recorded two deaths in the past week.

          Between 1 January and 4 September 2022, 11 African countries
          have reported monkeypox, including nine countries in the WHO
          African region (Nigeria (277), Democratic Republic of the Congo
          (DRC) (195), Ghana (84), Central Africa Republic (CAR) (8),
          Cameroon (7), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Congo (3) and
          Liberia (3) and two countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean
          Region: Morocco (3) and Sudan (2).

          Nigeria (46.9%), DRC (33.1%) and Ghana (14.2%) remain
          the top three countries reporting the highest number of cases,
          accounting for 94.2% of all confirmed cases. Nigeria recorded
          two deaths in the past week, making a total of 12 deaths in Africa;
          Nigeria (6), Ghana (4), and CAR (2). The number of Monkeypox
          cases and deaths in Africa represents 1.0% and 60.0% of global
          cases and fatalities, respectively. No new country has reported a
          monkeypox case in the previous week.

          Globally, a cumulative total of 54 709 laboratory-confirmed and
          397 probable Monkeypox cases have been reported between
          1 January and 11 September 2022. Similarly, 20 deaths were
          reported from Belgium (1), Cuba (1), Ecuador (1), India (1),
          Brazil (2), CAR (2), Spain (2), Ghana (4), and Nigeria (6) across
          all six WHO regions. Most cases reported in the past 4 weeks
          were notified from the Region of the Americas 30 772 (56.2%)
          and the European Region 23 196 (42.4%).

          The top ten countries with the highest number of Monkeypox
          cases include the United States of America (19 833), Spain (6
          749), Brazil (5 525), France (3 646), Germany (3 505, The United
          Kingdom (3 484), Peru (1 724), Canada (1 289), Netherlands (1
          172), and Colombia (938). Together, these countries account for
          87.5% of the cases reported globally.

          PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

          WHO is currently supporting affected countries to investigate
          the modes of transmission of monkeypox (zoonotic and
          urban outbreaks)

          An epidemiology analytics cell has been established at
          AFRO to improve data capture, management, analysis,
          interpretation and use of the resulting information for
          decision-making.

          Efforts are currently ongoing to understand comorbidities
          and other underlying factors (e.g. HIV infection) of deaths
          associated with monkeypox

          A policy response tracker has been developed and
          disseminated to the affected countries to understand better
          the characteristics of response measures put in place by
          governments and their impact on epidemic trends

          WHO continues to provide technical assistance to countries
          to enhance their readiness to respond to potential monkeypox
          outbreaks promptly and effectively

          A system for proactive information and data gathering using
          the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources platform was
          established to improve signal detection and verification with
          the national authorities.

          SITUATION INTERPRETATION

          In the past week, three countries reported new cases (Nigeria,
          Ghana, and Liberia) in the African Region. Two new deaths were
          reported in Nigeria. Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo
          and Ghana remain the countries with the highest monkeypox
          burden in the past 4 weeks. Enhanced risk communication and
          community engagement are needed to address rumours and
          misinformation about monkeypox in Africa. WHO AFRO supports
          countries in understanding comorbidities and other underlying
          factors of monkeypox-related deaths.

          "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
          -Nelson Mandela

          Comment


          • #6
            WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
            AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

            Week 38: 12 - 18 September 2022
            Data as reported by: 17:00; 18 September 2022

            ...

            Monkeypox Multiple Countries

            596 cases
            13 Deaths
            2.2% CFR


            EVENT DESCRIPTION

            The number of confirmed monkeypox cases in Africa increased
            by 1.1% to 596 in week 37
            (12 Sep – 18 Sep) from 590 in week
            36
            (5 Sep - 11 Sep), compared to the 12.6% increase between
            weeks 35 and 35. In the past week, two countries reported 6 new
            cases, including the Republic of Congo (2) and Sudan (4).

            Between 1 January and 18 September 2022, 11 African countries
            have reported monkeypox, including nine) countries in the
            WHO African region (Nigeria (277), Democratic Republic of the
            Congo (DRC) (195), Ghana (84), Central Africa Republic (CAR)
            (8), Cameroon (7), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Congo
            (5) and Liberia (3) and two in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean
            Regional Office countries: Sudan (6) and Morocco (3).

            Three countries with the highest monkeypox burden in Africa
            include Nigeria (46.5%), DRC (32.7%) and Ghana (14.1%),
            accounting for 93.3% of all confirmed cases in Africa. With one
            new death from Sudan, the number of Monkeypox cases and
            deaths in Africa represents 1.0% and 56.5% of global cases and
            fatalities, respectively.

            Between 1 January and 18 September 2022, 60 320 laboratory
            confirmed and 525 probable Monkeypox cases were reported
            globally. Similarly, 23 deaths were reported from Belgium (1),
            Cuba (1), Ecuador (1), India (1), Brazil (2), Sudan (1), CAR (2),
            Spain (2), Ghana (4), and Nigeria (6) across all six WHO regions.
            Most cases reported in the past week were notified from the
            Region of the Americas 36 600 (60.7%) and the European Region
            23 897 (39.6%).

            PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

            WHO is supporting countries in conducting case
            investigations, specimen collection, and contact identification
            at both national and sub-national levels

            Capacity building for data analysis, visualization and
            interpretation of monkeypox outbreak dynamics is ongoing
            across the member countries

            WHO is collaborating with countries to train healthcare
            workers on specimen collection, processing, packaging,
            storage, transport and manipulation, as well as infection
            prevention and control strategies.

            Efforts are ongoing to constantly supply health facilities with
            equipment (IPC), including personal protective equipment
            (gloves, face masks, hydroa-lcoholic gel, etc.)

            A policy response tracker has been developed and
            disseminated to the affected countries to understand better
            the characteristics of response measures put in place by
            governments and their impact on epidemic trends

            WHO continues to provide technical assistance to countries
            to enhance their readiness to respond to potential monkeypox
            outbreaks promptly and effectively.

            SITUATION INTERPRETATION

            In the past week, two countries reported new monkeypox cases
            (Sudan and Congo) in Africa. One new death was reported in Sudan.
            Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ghana remain the
            top countries with the highest number of monkeypox cases. WHO
            is supporting countries to enhance media communication to
            create public awareness of monkeypox to address rumours and
            misinformation about the monkeypox situation in Africa.

            https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/...1218082022.pdf
            "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
            -Nelson Mandela

            Comment


            • #7
              WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
              AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

              Week 39: 19 - 25 September 2022
              Data as reported by: 17:00; 25 September 2022

              ...

              Monkeypox Multiple Countries

              577 cases
              15 Deaths
              2.6% CFR


              EVENT DESCRIPTION

              The number of newly confirmed monkeypox cases in Africa
              decreased by 66.7% this week from six in week 37 (12 Sep – 18
              Sep) to two new cases in 38 (19 Sep - 25 Sep). In the past week,
              two countries reported two new cases, including Cameroon (1)
              and Sudan (1).

              Between 1 January and 25 September 2022, 11 African countries
              have reported 577 monkeypox cases, including nine countries in
              the WHO African region (Nigeria (277), Democratic Republic of
              the Congo (DRC) (174), Ghana (84), Central Africa Republic (CAR)
              (8), Cameroon (8), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Congo
              (5) and Liberia (3) and two in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean
              Regional countries: Sudan (7) and Morocco (3).

              The top three countries with the highest number of monkeypox
              cases in Africa include Nigeria (48.0%), DRC (30.2%), and Ghana
              (14.6%). The three countries account for 92.7% of all confirmed
              cases in Africa. With two new deaths from Cameroon, the number
              of Monkeypox cases and deaths in Africa represents 1.0% and
              57.7% of global cases and fatalities, respectively.

              Between 1 January and 25 September 2022, 64 561 laboratory
              confirmed and 3 063 probable Monkeypox cases were reported
              globally. Similarly, 26 deaths were reported from Belgium (1),
              Cuba (1), Czechia (1), Ecuador (1), India (1), Sudan (1), United
              States of America (1), Brazil (2), Cameroon (2), CAR (2), Spain
              (3), Ghana (4), and Nigeria (6) across all six WHO regions.

              Most cases reported in the past week were notified from the
              Region of the Americas 39 355 (61.0%) and the European Region
              24 371 (37.7%). Africa region recorded the highest proportion
              of global monkeypox deaths (53.8%), followed by the European
              region (19.2%) and Region of the Americas (19.2%). Two
              regions, Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia reported
              one death each (3.8%).

              PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

              WHO is providing necessary support to improve surveillance
              and laboratory capacity, including genomic surveillance in
              affected countries.

              Healthcare systems at various levels are currently using the
              standard and community case definitions for Monkeypox
              designed by the WHO and incorporated into the priority
              diseases list and reporting tools to enhance surveillance.
              Countries are using the WHO’s technical surveillance
              guidelines and reporting tools to facilitate case detection,
              reporting, case investigations, contact tracing, and follow-up.
              Monkeypox signal detection and verification are being
              enhanced through proactive information and data gathering
              system using the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources.

              An epidemiology analytics cell has been established at AFRO to
              improve data capture, management, analysis, interpretation,
              and use of the resulting information for decision-making.
              WHO has developed a monkeypox vaccination strategy to
              guide the identification of high-risk and priority groups for
              vaccination.

              SITUATION INTERPRETATION

              No new country has reported a monkeypox case in the previous
              week. Two new cases were reported in Africa in the past week;
              one from Cameroon and one from Sudan. Two new deaths were
              confirmed in Cameroon. Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of
              Congo, and Ghana remain the top countries with the highest
              number of monkeypox cases. WHO continues to support
              countries on monkeypox surveillance and laboratory capacity,
              including genomic sequencing in the affected countries.

              "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
              -Nelson Mandela

              Comment


              • #8
                WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                Week 40: 26 September to 2 October 2022
                Data as reported by: 17:00; 2 October 2022

                ...
                Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                724 cases
                14 Deaths
                1.9% CFR


                EVENT DESCRIPTION

                Between 1 January and 2 October 2022, 11 African countries
                have reported 724 monkeypox cases and 14 deaths, including
                nine countries in the WHO African region (Nigeria (400),
                Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (190), Ghana (91),
                Central Africa Republic (CAR) (9), Cameroon (8), South Africa
                (5), Benin Republic (3), Congo (5) and Liberia (3) and two in the
                WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries: Sudan (7) and
                Morocco (3).

                Nigeria (55.2%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (26.2%),
                and Ghana (12.6%) are the three nations in Africa that have
                reported the highest number of monkeypox cases. Together,
                these three countries account for 94.1% of all confirmed cases
                in Africa. The two deaths reported in CAR were reversed after
                a detailed investigation. There have been 14 fatalities and 724
                laboratory-confirmed cases of Monkeypox in Africa; these
                numbers represent 1.1% and 56% of the total number of cases
                and deaths reported worldwide.

                Since the start of the monkey pox outbreak in Africa to 02
                October 2022, 67 556 laboratory-confirmed and 3 193 probable
                Monkeypox cases have been reported globally. Similarly, 25
                deaths were reported from Belgium (1), Cuba (1), Czechia (1),
                Ecuador (1), India (1), Sudan (1), United States of America (1),
                Brazil (2), Cameroon (2), Spain (3), Ghana (4), and Nigeria (7)
                across all six WHO regions.

                Most cases reported in the past week were notified from the
                Region of the Americas 41 966 (62.1%) and the European Region
                24 637 (36.5%). Africa region recorded the highest number of
                global monkeypox deaths (13), followed by the European region
                (5) and the Region of the Americas (5).

                PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                WHO AFRO is collaborating with countries to investigate
                modes of transmission of Monkeypox

                Countries are using the WHO’s technical surveillance
                guidelines and reporting tools to facilitate case detection,
                reporting, case investigations, contact tracing, and follow-up

                Efforts are ongoing to improve surveillance and laboratory
                capacity, including genomic surveillance in affected countries.

                • Monkeypox signal detection and verification are being
                enhanced through proactive information and data
                gathering system using the Epidemic Intelligence from
                Open Sources.

                WHO has developed a monkeypox vaccination strategy to
                guide the identification of high-risk and priority groups for
                vaccination.

                SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                A monkeypox outbreak continues in Africa, with new cases
                reported from two countries in the past seven days. One new death
                was confirmed in Nigeria. Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the
                Congo, and Ghana have reported the highest caseload. WHO AFRO
                has deployed high-level support missions to countries prioritized
                for Monkeypox response (DRC, Nigeria, Ghana and CAR).



                "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                -Nelson Mandela

                Comment


                • #9
                  WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                  AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                  Week 41: 3 to 9 October 2022
                  Data as reported by: 17:00; 9 October 2022

                  ...

                  Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                  749 cases
                  14 Deaths
                  1.9% CFR


                  EVENT DESCRIPTION

                  The African continent has been responding to the increasing trend
                  of the Monkeypox pandemic since April 2022. As of 8 October
                  2022, there have been 749 confirmed cases of Monkeypox
                  reported in 13 African countries: (Nigeria (400), Democratic
                  Republic of the Congo (DRC) (190), Ghana (103), Sudan (17),
                  Central Africa Republic (CAR) (10), Cameroon (8), Congo (5),
                  South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Liberia (2), Morocco (3),
                  Egypt (1), and Mozambique (1).

                  Between 3 and 9 October 2022, 25 new confirmed cases were
                  reported in five African countries; Ghana (12), CAR (1), and
                  Sudan (10); two new countries (Egypt and Mozambique) reported
                  a monkeypox case each in the previous week.


                  The top three countries reporting the highest number of confirmed
                  cases include; Nigeria (53.5%), DRC (25.4%), and Ghana

                  (13.8%), accounting for 92.8% of all confirmed cases. More than
                  half (60.8%) of confirmed cases are males with a median age of
                  23.5 years and an interquartile range of 11 – 35 years.

                  In addition, 14 deaths have been reported from Nigeria (7), Ghana
                  (4), Cameroon (2) and Sudan (1). The number of Monkeypox
                  cases and deaths in Africa represents 1.0% and 53.8% of global
                  cases and fatalities, respectively.

                  Between 1 January and 9 October 2022, 71 237 laboratoryconfirmed
                  Monkeypox cases were reported globally. Similarly,
                  26 deaths were reported from Nigeria (7), Ghana (4), Brazil
                  (3), Cameroon (2), Spain (2), the United States of America (2),
                  Belgium (1), Cuba (1), Czechia (1), Ecuador (1), India (1), and
                  Sudan (1).

                  PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                  WHO has deployed high-level support missions to countries
                  prioritized for Monkeypox response (DRC, the Central Africa
                  Republic, Ghana and Nigeria).

                  Efforts are ongoing across countries reporting to identify
                  modes of transmission of Monkeypox

                  WHO AFRO is collaborating with countries to understand and
                  reclassify monkeypox deaths in the region

                  WHO is supporting the countries in developing National
                  Monkeypox Strategic Preparedness and Response Plans

                  Ongoing monkeypox surveillance through a system for
                  proactive information and data gathering using the Epidemic
                  Intelligence from Open Sources platform.

                  Ghana is currently conducting monkeypox health education
                  at the district and regional levels.

                  Nigeria is offering off-site support to states on case
                  identification, reporting and response

                  Ongoing development of awareness and community
                  engagement tools in the Central Africa Republic

                  Ongoing capacity building of providers for case management
                  and infection prevention and control in the Democratic
                  Republic of Congo.

                  SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                  Two new countries reported a Monkeypox case in Africa in the
                  past seven days. New weekly cases were reported from four
                  countries. Ghana, the Central Africa Republic, Sudan and Egypt

                  WHO completed high-level support missions for the Monkeypox
                  response in Ghana.

                  "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                  -Nelson Mandela

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                    AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                    Week 42: 10 - 16 October 2022
                    Data as reported by: 17:00; 16 October 2022

                    ...

                    Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                    890 cases
                    14 Deaths
                    CFR 1.6%


                    EVENT DESCRIPTION

                    Between 1 January and 16 October 2022, 13 African countries
                    have reported 890 monkeypox cases, including eleven countries
                    in the WHO African region (Nigeria (530), DRC (200), Ghana
                    (104), Sudan (17), Central Africa Republic (CAR) (10), Cameroon
                    (8), Congo (5), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Liberia (3),
                    Morocco (3), Egypt (1), and Mozambique (1).

                    One new case was reported in Ghana in the past week. An
                    additional, 140 new cases were reported retrospectively from
                    Nigeria (130) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
                    (10) for weeks 39 - 40.

                    During the same reporting period, 14 deaths have been reported
                    from Nigeria (7), Ghana (4), Cameroon (2) and Sudan (1). The
                    number of Monkeypox cases and deaths in Africa represents
                    1.0% and 50.0% of global cases and fatalities, respectively.

                    Between 1 January and 16 October 2022, 72 947 laboratory
                    confirmed and 1 094 probable Monkeypox cases were reported
                    globally. Similarly, 28 deaths were reported from Nigeria (6),
                    Brazil (5), Ghana (4), Cameroon (2), Spain (2), United States of
                    America (2), Belgium (1), Cuba (1), Czechia (1), Ecuador (1),
                    India (1), and Sudan (1) across all six WHO regions. Most cases
                    reported in the past week were notified from the Region of the
                    Americas 46 787 (64.1%), and the European Region 24 999
                    (32.3%).

                    PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                    WHO is supporting countries to understand monkeypox
                    transmission dynamics

                    WHO deployed high-level mission support to Nigeria, Ghana
                    and the Central Africa Republic on Monkeypox response

                    WHO is collaborating with countries to retrain healthcare
                    workers on specimen collection, processing, packaging,
                    storage, transport and manipulation, as well as infection
                    prevention and control strategies?

                    There is an ongoing policy response tracker project in the
                    affected countries to understand better the characteristics of
                    response measures put in place by governments and their
                    impact on epidemic trends

                    WHO continues to provide technical support to countries to
                    develop and finalize strategic preparedness and response
                    plans to respond to monkeypox outbreaks promptly and
                    effectively.

                    SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                    One new case was reported in Ghana in the past week. Additional
                    cases of monkeypox were reported retrospectively from Nigeria
                    and the Democratic Republic of Congo. WHO deploys high-level
                    support missions to countries with high Monkeypox burden
                    (Nigeria, Ghana, Central Africa Republic and the Democratic
                    Republic of the Congo).

                    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                    -Nelson Mandela

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                      AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                      Week 43: 17 - 23 October 2022
                      Data as reported by: 17:00; 23 October 2022

                      ...

                      Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                      921 cases
                      15 Deaths
                      1.6%CFR


                      EVENT DESCRIPTION

                      The multi-country monkeypox outbreak has continued to increase
                      in Africa since April 2022. Between 17 and 22 October 2022, 32
                      new confirmed cases were reported from four countries in the
                      AFRO region, including Nigeria (22), the Democratic Republic
                      of Congo (DRC) (6), Cameroon (2), and the Central African
                      Republic (1). One death was reported during the same period in
                      Mozambique.

                      Between 1 January and 23 October 2022, 13 African countries
                      have reported 921 monkeypox cases, including Nigeria (530),
                      DRC (200), Ghana (104), Sudan (17), Central Africa Republic
                      (CAR) (11), Cameroon (10), Congo (5), South Africa (5),
                      Benin Republic (3), Liberia (3), Morocco (3), Egypt (1), and
                      Mozambique (1).

                      Five countries have reported 15 deaths, including Nigeria (7),
                      Ghana (4), Cameroon (2), Mozambique (1), and Sudan (1). In
                      general, the number of Monkeypox cases and deaths in Africa
                      represents 1.0% and 48.4% of global cases and fatalities,
                      respectively.

                      Country specific updates

                      Mozambique

                      The only case reported in Mozambique on 6 October by the
                      Minister of Health was declared dead on 14 October 2022. The
                      case was a 38 years old female Merchant from Maputo Province
                      who recently travelled to India on 5 May 2022 and returned to
                      Maputo on 26 September with transit in Ethiopia. A total of 12
                      contacts have been identified; all with no symptoms.

                      Cameroon

                      Ten confirmed cases had been reported from 48 suspected
                      cases in Cameroon, with two deaths between 2 January and 23
                      October 2022 from four regions and seven districts. Majority of
                      the cases in Cameroon are males, with a male to female ratio of
                      7:5. Sequencing results revealed that half of the cases reported in
                      Cameroon belong to Clade I, and the remaining half were Clade II.

                      Central African Republic (CAR)

                      The Central African Republic has reported 11 laboratory
                      confirmed Monkeypox cases with no deaths in 2022. The
                      geospatial distribution of confirmed cases in 2022 shows that
                      six (6) health districts of the CAR are affected (Sangha-Mbaéré,
                      Bangui I, Alindao, Bimbo, Ouango Gambo and Bangassou).
                      Males are the most affected gender (73%), and the average age
                      is 19 years, ranging from 4 to 40 years. There is ongoing training
                      of agents at the central and operational levels on Monkeypox
                      surveillance and case management.

                      PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                      Ghana has heightened surveillance for Monkeypox in the
                      regions and districts.

                      Liberia is to conduct refresher training for surveillance
                      officers and laboratory technicians on case detection and
                      specimen collection

                      Nigeria is providing off-line support on Monkeypox case
                      identification, reporting, and response

                      The Central African Republic is mobilizing resources for
                      the implementation of the response plan developed by the
                      Ministry of Health

                      The Democratic Republic of the Congo is developing a
                      preparedness and response plan against Monkeypox to
                      categorize health areas according to the epidemiological
                      profile.

                      The Democratic Republic of the Congo is also building the
                      capacity of healthcare providers for case management and
                      infection prevention, and control

                      WHO is collaborating with countries to send an alert on the
                      multi-country outbreak of Monkeypox to all levels.

                      SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                      Four countries reported new laboratory-confirmed Monkeypox
                      cases in the past week. One death was reported in a newly
                      affected country (Mozambique). WHO AFRO continues to
                      support countries in determining the region’s causes, type, and
                      transmission dynamics of Monkeypox. Also, efforts are ongoing
                      to improve surveillance and laboratory capacity, including
                      genomic surveillance in affected countries.
                      ...
                      "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                      -Nelson Mandela

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                        AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                        Week 44: 24 to 30 October 2022
                        Data as reported by: 17:00; 30 October 2022

                        ...

                        Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                        957 cases
                        15 Deaths
                        1.6% CFR


                        EVENT DESCRIPTION

                        The number of confirmed monkeypox cases in Africa increased
                        by 3.9% to 957 in week 43 (24 Oct – 30 Oct) from 921 in week 42
                        (17 Oct - 23 Oct). In the past week, three countries reported 36
                        new cases, including Nigeria (31), Cameroon (2), and Ghana (3).
                        Between 1 January and 30 October 2022, 13 African countries
                        have reported 957 monkeypox cases, including Nigeria (583),
                        Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (206), Ghana (107),
                        Sudan (17), Central Africa Republic (CAR) (11), Cameroon (12),
                        Congo (5), South Africa (5), Benin Republic (3), Liberia (3),
                        Morocco (3), Egypt (1), and Mozambique (1).

                        Five countries have reported 15 deaths, including Nigeria (7),
                        Ghana (4), Cameroon (2), Mozambique (1), and Sudan (1). The
                        deaths in Nigeria and Ghana represent 46.7% and 26.7% of all
                        Monkeypox related deaths in Africa.

                        Country specific updates

                        Ethiopia

                        Suspected Monkeypox cases were reported in the past week at
                        Mekane Selam IDP collective site in Borena Woreda in South
                        Wollo Zone, Amhara region. A total of 12 suspected cases were
                        identified and documented in the IDP collective site, with no
                        deaths reported. Five samples of the 12 suspected cases were
                        collected and sent to the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI)
                        for confirmation.

                        Ghana

                        Ghana is one of the four African countries with a high Monkeypox
                        burden alongside Nigeria and DRC. Ghana has reported new
                        weekly cases in the past two weeks and three new cases between
                        24 to 30 October 2022. A total of 107 Monkeypox cases and four
                        deaths have been reported in Ghana from 1 January to 30 October
                        2022. Males form the majority of confirmed Monkeypox cases,
                        with more than half 65 (61.9%), and all four recorded deaths were
                        males.

                        Nigeria

                        Nigeria has the highest number of Monkeypox cases in Africa
                        (583, 61%) and has consistently reported new cases weekly
                        since May 2022. In the past week, 31 new cases were reported
                        in Nigeria from 13 states and the Federal Capital Territory, with
                        no death recorded. The majority, 19 (61%) of the new cases,
                        were males, almost similar to 66% of all cases seen in 2022
                        that were males. Collaboration and data harmonization between
                        laboratories, surveillance and case management are ongoing at
                        all levels in Nigeria to enhance surveillance.

                        SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                        Monkeypox cases continue to increase in Africa, but no new
                        death has been reported in the past week.
                        All cases reported in
                        the past week were from countries that have previously recorded
                        Monkeypox. Suspected cases in Ethiopia are being investigated.
                        Enhanced Monkeypox surveillance collaboration between WHO
                        and countries continues to yield results with observed improved
                        early detection and reporting. WHO is supporting researchers to
                        investigate the causes and characterize Monkeypox in Africa.

                        ...
                        "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                        -Nelson Mandela

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                          AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                          Week 45: 31 October - 6 November 2022
                          Data as reported by: 17:00; 6 November 2022

                          ...

                          Monkeypox Multiple Countries

                          980 cases
                          15 Deaths
                          1.5% CFR


                          EVENT DESCRIPTION

                          In the past week, 21 newly confirmed Monkeypox cases were
                          reported in Africa, showing a decline of 15 (41.7%) from 36
                          cases in week 43 (24 – 30 October). Three countries reported
                          new laboratory-confirmed cases in the past week, with the
                          highest number (19) from Nigeria while Central Africa Republic
                          (CAR) and Ghana reported one case each.

                          Between 1 January and 6 November 2022, 13 African countries
                          have reported 980 Monkeypox cases, including Nigeria (604),
                          the Democaratic Republic of the Congo (206), Ghana (107),
                          Sudan (18), Cameroon (12), CAR (12), Congo (5), South Africa
                          (5), Benin Republic (3), Liberia (3), Morocco (3), Egypt (1), and
                          Mozambique (1).

                          Five countries (Benin, Congo, Liberia, Morocco, and South
                          Africa,) have not reported new cases in the past 21 days. The
                          average age of Monkeypox cases reported in Africa is 25.7 years,
                          ranging from 0-87 years, and the majority are males (62.4%).
                          Fifteen deaths have been reported in the continent in 2022 from
                          Nigeria (7), Ghana (4), Cameroon (2), Mozambique (1), and
                          Sudan (1). The deaths in Nigeria and Ghana represent 46.7% and
                          26.7% of all Monkeypox deaths in Africa.
                          Country specific updates

                          Central Africa Republic (CAR)

                          There have been outbreaks of Monkeypox reported in the
                          southwestern part of CAR annualy since 2018. However, there has
                          been a trend of expansion towards areas with high populations
                          between 2020 and 2022. In 2022, 12 confirmed cases have been
                          reported in the country, including one new case in the past week.
                          In addition to the one confirmed case, samples were taken from
                          27 uspected cases in Mbaïki central prison in the past week, but
                          all tested negative for Monkeypox.

                          Ethiopia

                          Although no cases of Monkeypox have been reported in Ethiopia,
                          the country has increased the outbreak surveillance due to
                          the high likelihood of its occurrence. Ethiopia has reported 23
                          suspected Monkeypox cases since October 2022 with no deaths.
                          Of all total cases, 14 (61.0%) were females, and 7 (39.0%) were
                          males. None of the listed suspected cases has either travel or
                          exposure history. Laboratory results of the five samples sent
                          for laboratory testing are still awaited. Currently, no confirmed
                          Monkeypox cases have been reported in the country. WHO
                          continues to support public health response activities with
                          Ethiopia Zonal Health Departments.

                          Nigeria

                          Nigeria has reported 604 confirmed cases and seven deaths
                          between 1 January and 6 October 2022. Three states are
                          responsible for about 39% of confirmed cases, including Lagos
                          (154), Abia (46), and Bayelsa (36). In the past week, Nigeria
                          reported 90 suspected cases, of which 19 confirmed positive
                          for Monkeypox from Lagos (6), Bayelsa (3), Delta (2), Imo (2),
                          Kaduna (2), Abia (1), FCT (1), Ogun (1) and Plateau (1) but
                          no new death. More than half (66.0%) of the cases reported in
                          Nigeria in 2022 were males, and 34% were females.

                          PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                          The Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to train
                          response teams on Monkeypox surveillance and reporting at
                          all levels

                          Nigeria intensifies surveillance through follow-up calls and
                          emails to Monkeypox-surveillance teams in States and local
                          government

                          Ongoing enhanced regional Monkeypox surveillance and
                          response in Ghana

                          Ongoing Monkeypox awareness among medical staff and the
                          community in Cameroon

                          Ongoing orientation on quality specimen collection, case
                          definition, screening and reporting of suspected monkeypox
                          cases for surveillance officers, laboratory personnel from 15
                          counties and point of entry staff in 4 counties in Liberia

                          SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                          All new Monkeypox cases reported in Africa in the past week
                          were from countries that have previously recorded cases, but no
                          new death was reported. There was an increase in the number of
                          suspected cases in Ethiopia, however no laboratory confirmation
                          has been done. Nigeria has the highest Monkeypox burden,
                          with more than half of all cases reported in Africa. WHO begins
                          vaccination plan for Democratic Republic of the Congo and
                          Nigeria.
                          ...
                          "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                          -Nelson Mandela

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                            AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                            Week 51: 12 to 18 December 2022
                            Data as reported by: 17:00; 18 December 2022

                            ...

                            Mpox (Monkeypox) Multiple Countries

                            1 150 cases
                            16 Deaths
                            1.5% CFR


                            EVENT DESCRIPTION

                            Between 1 January and 16 December 2022, 13 African countries
                            reported 1 150 Mpox cases, including Nigeria (704), DRC (257),
                            Ghana (116), Sudan (18), Cameroon (18), CAR (13), Congo (5),
                            South Africa (5), Liberia (4), Benin Republic (3), Morocco (3),
                            Egypt (1), and Mozambique (1).

                            Sixteen deaths have been reported in the continent in 2022 from
                            Nigeria (7), Ghana (4), Cameroon (3), Mozambique (1), and
                            Sudan (1). The deaths in Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon represent
                            43.8%, 25.0% and 18.8% respectively of all Mpox deaths in
                            Africa.

                            Eight countries including Benin, Cameroon, CAR, Congo,
                            Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, and Sudan have not
                            reported new cases in the past 21 days. The mean age of Mpox
                            cases reported in Africa is 23.5, ranging from 0-87 years, and the
                            majority are males (60.8%).

                            Country specific updates

                            Ghana

                            Ghana has reported 116 Mpox cases in 2022 and four deaths
                            from 14 out of 16 regions. Only Ahafo and Savannah regions
                            have not been affected. National Mpox Case Fatality Rate (CFR) is
                            3.5%. The Greater Accra Region has the highest number of cases
                            for both suspected (348) and confirmed (69, 59.5%). Four (4)
                            confirmed Mpox-related deaths were reported from Upper East
                            Region – 2, Greater Accra – 1 and Central Region – 1. Mpox
                            cases have been confirmed in all age categories, but more than
                            half are aged between 16 to 39 years. Males form the majority of
                            cases (59.5, with 69 confirmed cases reported.

                            Ghana has alerted all regions on the multi-country outbreak
                            of Mpox, and the factsheet on Mpox was circulated widely,
                            particularly to health workers. The individual regions are
                            investigating and responding to cases while there is ongoing
                            health education through various channels on the Mpox disease
                            and its preventive measures.

                            Nigeria

                            Nigeria has reported 704 confirmed cases and seven deaths
                            between 1 January and 18 October 2022. Three states are
                            responsible for about 38% of confirmed cases, including Lagos
                            (172), Abia (55), and Bayelsa (42). Despite the high Mpox
                            burden in Nigeria, four states have not reported any Mpox cases,
                            including three states from the North (Sokoto, Jigawa, and Yobe)
                            and one (Ekiti) from the South.

                            Most of the Mpox cases reported in Nigeria were among males
                            463 (66%) and predominantly among those aged 21-40 years.
                            Nigeria is working on the development and review of Mpox
                            home management protocols as well as the analysis of signs and
                            symptoms.

                            PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                            Affected countries are actively searching their surrounding
                            borders for Mpox cases

                            Nigeria continues to follow up with Mpox-surveillance teams
                            in States and local governments through phone calls and
                            emails

                            Risk communication and community engagement ongoing
                            in Nigeria, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                            and other affected countries

                            Surveillance for Mpox has been heightened in the regions
                            and districts in Ghana. There is an ongoing compilation
                            of National Mpox situation reports for dissemination to
                            stakeholders in Nigeria and Ghana. Capacity building for
                            genomic sequencing for Mpox has started in highly burdened
                            countries (Ghana, Nigeria, CAR)

                            SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                            The number of Mpox cases in Africa has been declining over the
                            past four weeks, with no new cases or deaths reported in the past
                            seven days. . Over half of the affected countries have not had any
                            new cases in the past three weeks. The WHO AFRO continues to
                            support improving surveillance and laboratory capacity, including
                            genomic surveillance, in affected countries.

                            "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                            -Nelson Mandela

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                            • #15
                              WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
                              AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

                              Week 52: 19 to 25 December 2022
                              Data as reported by: 17:00; 25 December 2022

                              ...

                              Mpox (Monkeypox) Multiple Countries

                              1 219 cases
                              16 Deaths
                              1.3% CFR


                              EVENT DESCRIPTION

                              The number of newly confirmed Mpox in Africa declined by
                              62.5% in week 51 (19 to 25 December 2022, n = 9), compared to
                              week 50 (12 - 18 December, n = 24).

                              Between 1 January and 25 December 2022, 13 African countries
                              reported 1 219 Mpox cases, including Nigeria (753), DRC (277),
                              Ghana (116), Sudan (18), Cameroon (18), CAR (13), Congo (5),
                              South Africa (5), Liberia (4), Benin Republic (3), Morocco (3),
                              Egypt (1), and Mozambique (1). Sixteen (16) deaths have been
                              reported in the continent in 2022 from Nigeria (7), Ghana (4),
                              Cameroon (3), Mozambique (1), and Sudan (1).
                              The top three countries with the highest number of confirmed
                              cases include, Nigeria (61.8%), DRC (22.7%) and Ghana (9.5%),
                              constituting 94.0% of all confirmed cases.

                              Benin, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Morocco, Mozambique, South
                              Africa, and Sudan have not reported any new cases in the past 5
                              weeks. At the same time, Liberia has not reported any new cases
                              in the past 21 days. The predominant Mpox signs and symptoms
                              include fever (75%), rash (75%), lymphadenopathy (50%), pain
                              (37.5%), dysphagia (31.2%), and headache (25%).
                              Country specific updates

                              Republic of Congo

                              The Republic of Congo has reported five laboratory-confirmed
                              Mpox cases in 2022 from 49 suspected cases. The first case
                              was a 10-year-old child who had a fever followed by a localized
                              maculopapular rash on the face and trunk since August 27, 2022.
                              In the past week, the laboratory results of 17 suspected cases
                              reported in the country tested negative for Mpox. Congo has
                              intensified surveillance in all high-risk zones.

                              Nigeria

                              Nine newly confirmed cases were reported in Nigeria in the past
                              week, making a cumulative total of 753 confirmed cases and
                              seven deaths in 2022. With a new case reported in Ekiti state
                              in week 50, the number of affected states has increased to 33.
                              The average number of suspected cases in the past ten weeks
                              is 74 per week (Min = 51; Max = 111). The average number of
                              confirmed cases is 22 per week (Min = 9; Max = 36), with an
                              average proportion of positive cases being 30% per week (Min =
                              17%; Max = 47%).

                              PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

                              Cameroon is thoroughly investigating Mpox cases in the
                              Health Districts of Kumba, Mbonge and Bamenda

                              The Republic of Congo has strengthened case surveillance
                              in all affected villages and their surroundings by creating
                              surveillance cells in the affected villages

                              Ghana heightens surveillance for Mpox in the regions and
                              districts across the country

                              Ongoing epidemiological investigation in health districts
                              with difficult access in the Central Africa Republic

                              WHO supports, monitoring and communicates the Mpox
                              situation in collaboration with the South Wolo Zone health
                              department and Borena Woreda Health Office in Ethiopia

                              SITUATION INTERPRETATION

                              Mpox has continued to decline in Africa since October 2022. No
                              new death was reported in Africa in the past week. Twenty-nine
                              new cases were reported in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic
                              of Congo.
                              ...
                              "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                              -Nelson Mandela

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