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  • England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

    Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

    Jun 13 2008 by Hywel Trewyn, Daily Post


    BIRD flu tests will be carried out today on seven swans found dead in a river near Caernarfon.

    The carcasses were discovered floating in the Seiont not far from the town?s historic castle.

    Locals alerted harbour master Richard Jones on Wednesday, and his team recovered three dead swans in the morning, followed by four more in the afternoon.

    Yesterday the team were back at the riverbank after residents reported another swan appeared to be ill.

    Mr Jones said he was initially advised by Defra that the government would not test for bird flu in cases involving less than 10 dead wild birds.

    He was advised to safely bag up the birds in black bin liners and throw them into a waste bin.

    But last night the Welsh Assembly confirmed experts would test the carcasses today, as part of the avian flu surveillance programme.

    They stressed at this stage there was no evidence bird flu could be the cause of death.

    The harbour master and his team were baffled as to how the animals had died. The Environment Agency said as there were no dead fish in the river, it was not believed they had been poisoned.

    But some local fishermen feared an unusual foam they had spotted on the surface could be to blame.

    Questions were last night being asked about why officials had not investigated earlier.

    Mr Jones said: ?I had the first report about 10.30am from a lady walking her dog who said she?d seen a dead swan near the Aber swing bridge.

    ?I had to get into the water myself and pick them up using gloves.

    ?I placed each one in a plastic bag tied it and put the bag and the gloves in another bag and tied that up ? which meant they were double-bagged.?

    ?Half of them had been dead a while. They were starting to smell, and rigormortis was setting in.

    ?I asked the Defra helpline operator about the possibility of Avian Flu and she was quite surprised their system had not come up with any alarms. My information wasn?t telling her to take any action.?

    Richard said he counted 14 healthy swans a few days ago and there had been as many as 60 in the past.

    ?I am obviously worried,? he said. ?I probably would be more alarmed but Defra and the Environment Agency are not taking it seriously. We?re obviously monitoring the situation.?

    Yesterday Richard took a call from local fishermen who had come across foam in the river.

    Richard said: ?They thought it could have been the cause of the deaths. I reported it to the Environment Agency but I haven?t heard anything since.

    ?You would have thought it would warrant further investigation.?

    Later yesterday Mr Jones had a call from Defra?s chief veterinary officer asking them to take the swans out of the bins, and telling them somebody would collect them today.

    A Welsh Assembly Government spokesperson said: ?We are aware of the situation.

    ?As a precaution the birds will be collected and samples taken for testing as part of the avian influenza wild bird surveillance programme.

    ?Wild birds die for a variety of reasons and there is currently no evidence to suggest in this case that bird flu is present.?

    Gwynedd council and the Environment Agency said they had not been contacted by any other agencies that required them to take action.


  • #2
    Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

    Commentary

    Comment


    • #3
      Probably Not H5N1

      The mention of a strange foam on the river rings a bell and may provide a clue to the swans demise.

      Nocardia is a common cause of foaming problems in municipal wastewater treatment plants where elevated phosphates are an issue.

      The River Sieont feeds an estuary. The river is famous for it's salmon and brown trout fly fishing.

      "The Seiont Estuary: This is located at Caernarfon on the north coast of the mainland and opens out into the western end of the Menai Straits. there is a harbour, which supports many private and public leisure craft as well as a few fishing vessels and the occasional small coaster. A small sewage effluent enters the upper end of the harbour and the town is located on the eastern bank."

      Phosphate issue from the sewerage works would be culprit here; upstream water quality issue recently reported included septic tank overflow into the reservoir on the river in 2005 (reported by the BBC):


      Sewage theory in water bug probe
      BBC, News, BBC News, news online, world, uk, international, foreign, british, online, service


      And this reservoir also has phosphate stripping plant that occasionally has operating problems, and thus exceeds the allowable phosphate discharge limits.

      Nocardia causes severe respiratory disease in fish, humans and aquatic birds and mammals.

      It tends to be rather rare, at least in most developed countries, because modern wastewater treatment tends to make tell-tale foaming due to human waste release to natural waters - a common site here in the US in the 50s and 60s, but now rarely observed, except in said treatment works under specific conditions - a thing of the past.

      So an initial guess of cause might be severe bacterial infection, or perhaps a combination of viral and bacterial infection, perhaps linked to recent discharge problems with upstream treatment works or the more immediate estuary sewage treatment plant.

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

        H5N1 Swan Surveillence in England Raises Concerns
        Recombinomics Commentary 12:36
        June 13, 2008

        BIRD flu tests will be carried out today on seven swans found dead in a river near Caernarfon.

        The carcasses were discovered floating in the Seiont not far from the town?s historic castle.

        Locals alerted harbour master Richard Jones on Wednesday, and his team recovered three dead swans in the morning, followed by four more in the afternoon.

        Yesterday the team were back at the riverbank after residents reported another swan appeared to be ill.

        Mr Jones said he was initially advised by Defra that the government would not test for bird flu in cases involving less than 10 dead wild birds.

        He was advised to safely bag up the birds in black bin liners and throw them into a waste bin.

        The above comments raise additional concerns regarding H5N1 surveillance. The lack of testing and reporting has been a concern for the past several years, and recently has received additional attention due to Indonesia?s comments on reducing reporting frequencies on human H5N1 infections. Although this announcement has received a great deal of attention, the under-reporting of H5N1 in birds and humans is widespread.

        England has a surveillance program, but as noted above, the level of testing is a major concern. When H5N1 reports were widespread in western Europe in early 2006, England reported one H5N1 positive swan that washed up on the shores of Scotland. That isolate was closely related to H5N1 detected in Sweden, Denmark, and northern Germany, suggesting that the level of H5N1 in England was significantly higher than the one reported positive.

        More recently England has had confirmed outbreaks in free range turkeys in Suffolk as well as the Abbottsford swannery. The reports of H5N 1 positive wild birds in the vicinity of the swannery extended over two months and involved 10 swans and a Canada goose
        (see satellite map). The limited reporting on the sequences of the first four isolates indicated the isolates were all clade 2.2.3, but there was considerable genetic diversity, indicating the swans were infected through multiple H5N1 introductions. The swans were collected individually under an enhanced surveillance program, and none were linked to clusters of 10 or more wild birds.

        The testing requirement of 10 or more wild birds significantly limits testing. Many of the H5N1 positive birds in Europe have been swans, due in part to their size which leads to easy identification on an unusual event. The initial instructions to simply discard the carcasses raises serious questions about the surveillance program, which has had limit success in detecting H5N1 or H7 in wild birds in England.

        The flawed surveillance programs remain causes for concern.


        Comment


        • #5
          Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

          Eighth swan dies

          Jun 14 2008

          by Hywel Trewyn, Daily Post


          Eighth swan dies


          AN eighth dead swan was found in the Afon Seiont near Caernarfon yesterday.

          The bird was found floating in the water near Travis Perkins builders merchants on St Helen?s Road.

          It comes as the bodies of seven swans found in the same stretch of water on Wednesday were taken to be tested for bird flu.

          A worker at the merchants alerted the town?s harbour master Richard Jones after spotting the latest dead bird yesterday.

          Meanwhile, a National Assembly/Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) worker arrived to Caernarfon to collect the carcasses for testing.

          The Daily Post reported yesterday that the swans? carcasses had been found floating not far from the town?s historic castle. There were no further clues yesterday as to how they might have died.

          Mr Jones said he was initially advised by Defra that the government would not test for bird flu in cases involving less than 10 dead wild birds.

          He was advised to safely bag up the birds in black bin liners and throw them into a waste bin.

          The bins would normally have been collected yesterday morning for disposal but on Thursday night the Welsh Assembly confirmed experts would test the carcasses, as part of the avian flu surveillance programme.

          They stressed at this stage there was no evidence bird flu could be the cause of death. Mr Jones was then asked to retrieve the dead birds from the refuse bins.

          Mr Jones said: ?We had reports that another two birds had been found dead near Travis Perkins builders merchants on St Helen?s Road. But when we went up in a boat to look we found only one.

          ?It was quite a shock to find another one dead. It had a bit of blood on it. It was starting to stink and to go stiff with rigor mortis.?

          ?The Defra man could only take the seven swans because there was no room in the small boot of his car.

          ?He took them straight to the veterinary laboratories in Shrewsbury. It could take until Tuesday for the results.?

          Mr Jones also took a call from a National Public Health Service Wales doctor who took down details of everybody who?d handled the dead swans.

          Mr Jones said: ?We?ve got to look out for symptoms and take precautions.?

          In the meantime Mr Jones and his team were baffled as to how the animals had died and were monitoring the situation in case they find more dead swans.

          Local resident Barbara Stuhlfelder said: ?It?s either bird flu or poison.?

          A Welsh Assembly Government spokesperson said: ?The group of swans from the Seiont in Caernarfon has been collected and samples will now be taken as part of the wild bird avian influenza surveillance programme.

          ?This process will take a few days to complete.

          ?These tests are carried out regularly and it is normal practice to give details of the results only if they prove positive for bird flu. Wild birds die for a variety of reasons and there is currently no evidence to suggest in this case that bird flu is present.?

          Comment


          • #6
            Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

            [From ProMed - EDITED.]

            UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, SWAN - UK: (WALES), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION

            A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
            ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org

            Date: Fri 13 Jun 2008
            Source: Daily Post [edited]
            http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2008/06/13/swans-tested-for-bird-flu-55578-21067166/


            Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon
            ---------------------------------------
            Bird flu tests will be carried out today [13 Jun 2008] on 7 swans found dead in a river near Caernarfon [Gwynedd county, north west Wales; interactive map at http://encarta.msn.com/map_701520044/Caernarfon_Bay.html - Mod.AS].

            The carcasses were discovered floating in the Seiont not far from the town's historic castle. Locals alerted harbour master Richard Jones on Wednesday [11 Jun 2008], and his team recovered 3 dead swans in the morning, followed by 4 more in the afternoon.

            Yesterday the team were back at the riverbank after residents reported another swan appeared to be ill. Mr Jones said he was initially advised by DEFRA [Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs] that the government would not test for bird flu in cases involving fewer than 10 dead wild birds.

            He was advised to safely bag up the birds in black bin liners and throw them into a waste bin. But last night the Welsh Assembly confirmed experts would test the carcasses today, as part of the avian flu surveillance programme. They stressed at this stage there was no evidence [to suggest that] bird flu could be the cause of death.

            The harbour master and his team were baffled as to how the animals had died. The Environment Agency said as there were no dead fish in the river; it was not believed they had been poisoned. But some local fishermen feared an unusual foam they had spotted on the surface could be to blame.

            Questions were last night being asked about why officials had not investigated earlier.

            Mr Jones said: "I had the 1st report about 10:30 am from a lady walking her dog who said she'd seen a dead swan near the Aber swing bridge. I had to get into the water myself and pick them up using gloves. I placed each one in a plastic bag tied it and put the bag and the gloves in another bag and tied that up ­- which meant they were double-bagged. Half of them had been dead a while. They were starting to smell, and rigor mortis was setting in. I asked the DEFRA helpline operator about the possibility of avian flu and she was quite surprised their system had not come up with any alarms. My information wasn't telling her to take any action."

            Richard said he counted 14 healthy swans a few days ago and there had been as many as 60 in the past. "I am obviously worried," he said. "I probably would be more alarmed but DEFRA and the Environment Agency are not taking
            it seriously. We're obviously monitoring the situation."

            Yesterday Richard took a call from local fishermen who had come across foam in the river. Richard said: "They thought it could have been the cause of the deaths. I reported it to the Environment Agency but I haven't heard anything since. You would have thought it would warrant further investigation."

            Later yesterday Mr Jones had a call from DEFRA's chief veterinary officer asking them to take the swans out of the bins, and telling them somebody would collect them today.

            A Welsh Assembly Government spokesperson said: "We are aware of the situation. As a precaution the birds will be collected and samples taken for testing as part of the avian influenza wild bird surveillance programme. Wild birds die for a variety of reasons and there is currently no evidence to suggest in this case that bird flu is present."

            Gwynedd council and the Environment Agency said they had not been contacted by any other agencies that required them to take action.
            [byline: Hywel Trewyn]

            --
            communicated by:
            ProMED-mail rapporteur Mary Marshall

            [DEFRA's detailed guidance on handling and disposing of dead garden and wild birds (including swans) are available at
            http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/notifiable/disease/ai/wildbirds/index.htm#reporting.
            Results of the laboratory tests, which we hope will exclude HPAI, are anticipated. - Mod.AS]

            [see also:
            Avian influenza (26): Pakistan (Sindh), UK (England), swan 20080202.0420
            Avian influenza (16): Ukraine (Crimea), UK (England), swan 20080118.0230
            Avian influenza (13): UK (England), swan, Bangladesh (Barisal) 20080116.0204
            Avian influenza (12): UK (England), swan, OIE 20080116.0196
            Avian influenza (10): UK (England), swan, Iran, susp., Viet Nam 20080113.0160
            Avian influenza (09): UK (England), swan 20080110.0137]

            .................arn/ejp/sh
            -
            ------

            Comment


            • #7
              Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

              Caernarfon / Caernavon Map


              Comment


              • #8
                Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                Caernarfon swan deaths: It wasn?t bird flu

                Jun 18 2008 by Hywel Trewyn, Daily Post

                SCIENTISTS who tested eight dead swans found in a river in Caernarfon have ruled out bird flu as a cause.

                The bodies of the birds were found in a stretch of water along the Afon Seiont, last week within a few hundred yards of the town?s historic castle.

                Locals alerted Caernarfon harbour master Richard Jones who, with members of his team, went out in a boat to collect and bag the stinking carcasses.

                They were then taken to a Defra lab in Shrewsbury where they were taken to be tested for bird flu.

                Last night a National Assembly spokeswoman said that tests were continuing to find out exactly why the birds had died.

                It is not thought pollution was to blame, as no fish were found to be affected.

                She said: ?Tests carried out on the swans from the river Seiont in Caernarfon have ruled out bird flu.

                ?Wild birds die for a variety of reasons and further examination is continuing to seek to determine the cause of death.?

                Harbourmaster Mr Jones said: ?I haven?t yet been notified but a doctor told me that it wasn?t likely to be bird flu.

                ?Obviously we?re very pleased to hear the news.

                ?I am very glad for the area and the people here that it isn?t bird flu but we are still waiting to hear what was the cause of the swans? deaths.?
                -

                -------

                Comment


                • #9
                  Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                  UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, SWAN - UK (02): (WALES), AVIAN INFLUENZA NOT
                  ************************************************** ***************
                  A ProMED-mail post
                  <http://www.promedmail.org>
                  ProMED-mail is a program of the
                  International Society for Infectious Diseases
                  <http://www.isid.org>

                  Date: Wed 18 Jun 2008
                  Source: Daily Post [edited]
                  <http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2008/06/18/caernarfon-swan-deaths-it-wasn-t-bird-flu-55578-21092230/>


                  Scientists who tested 8 dead swans found in a river in Caernarfon
                  [north west Wales] have ruled out bird flu as a cause.

                  The bodies of the birds were found in a stretch of water along the
                  Afon Seiont, last week [11 Jun 2008] within a few hundred yards of
                  the town's historic castle.

                  Locals alerted Caernarfon harbourmaster Richard Jones who, with
                  members of his team, went out in a boat to collect and bag the carcasses.

                  They were then taken to a Defra (UK Department for Environment, Food,
                  and Rural Affairs) lab in Shrewsbury where they were taken to be
                  tested for bird flu.

                  Last night [17 Jun 2008] a National Assembly spokeswoman said that
                  tests were continuing to find out exactly why the birds had died.

                  It is not thought pollution was to blame, as no fish were found to be affected.

                  She said: "Tests carried out on the swans from the river Seiont in
                  Caernarfon have ruled out bird flu.

                  "Wild birds die for a variety of reasons and further examination is
                  continuing to seek to determine the cause of death."

                  Harbourmaster Mr Jones said: "I haven't yet been notified but a
                  doctor told me that it wasn't likely to be bird flu. Obviously we're
                  very pleased to hear the news. I am very glad for the area and the
                  people here that it isn't bird flu but we are still waiting to hear
                  what was the cause of the swans' deaths."

                  [Byline: Hywel Trewyn]

                  --
                  Communicated by:
                  ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall

                  [It is indeed a relief to note that AI has been excluded. Should the
                  cause of the swan die-off be determined, we shall be happy to
                  communicate it to subscribers. - Mod.AS]

                  [see also:
                  Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK: (Wales), RFI 20080614.1880]
                  ...................................arn/mj/dk

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                    Originally posted by niman View Post
                    UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, SWAN - UK (02): (WALES), AVIAN INFLUENZA NOT
                    ************************************************** ***************

                    [It is indeed a relief to note that AI has been excluded. Should the
                    cause of the swan die-off be determined, we shall be happy to
                    communicate it to subscribers. - Mod.AS]

                    [see also:
                    Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK: (Wales), RFI 20080614.1880]
                    ...................................arn/mj/dk
                    In the absence of a cause, the AI "exclusion" remains suspect. Most of the swans were retrieved from a trash bin, where they were placed per DEFRA instructions. False negatives from decomposing samples are COMMON and of questionable value for EXCLUSION of anything.

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                      Originally posted by niman View Post
                      In the absence of a cause, the AI "exclusion" remains suspect. Most of the swans were retrieved from a trash bin, where they were placed per DEFRA instructions. False negatives from decomposing samples are COMMON and of questionable value for EXCLUSION of anything.
                      That the corpses were in a trash bin is immaterial.

                      Is not the time period between death and test, and perhaps the storage method (plastic bags + water + air temp), more important for the evaluating the quality of the test results?


                      So the dates are:

                      Date of death: June 11 (7 birds)

                      Date of recovery from water: June 12, morning and afternoon. (7 birds)

                      Date of last recovery : June 12

                      State of last recovered bird: ?It was quite a shock to find another one dead. It had a bit of blood on it. It was starting to stink and to go stiff with rigor mortis.?

                      Date of test: June 13.

                      Type of test? ?He took them straight to the veterinary laboratories in Shrewsbury. It could take until Tuesday [ june 17] for the results.?

                      Sensitivity and specificity of the test associated with sample degredation: ?

                      Evaluation of dead swan test results:

                      J.

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                        Originally posted by cartski View Post
                        That the corpses were in a trash bin is immaterial.

                        Is not the time period between death and test, and perhaps the storage method (plastic bags + water + air temp), more important for the evaluating the quality of the test results?


                        So the dates are:

                        Date of death: June 11 (7 birds)

                        Date of recovery from water: June 12, morning and afternoon. (7 birds)

                        Date of last recovery : June 12

                        State of last recovered bird: ?It was quite a shock to find another one dead. It had a bit of blood on it. It was starting to stink and to go stiff with rigor mortis.?

                        Date of test: June 13.

                        Type of test? ?He took them straight to the veterinary laboratories in Shrewsbury. It could take until Tuesday [ june 17] for the results.?

                        Sensitivity and specificity of the test associated with sample degredation: ?

                        Evaluation of dead swan test results:

                        J.
                        The birds were decomposing when collected. Negative results do not exclude much.

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                          UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, SWAN - UK (03): (WALES), TRAUMA
                          ************************************************** **
                          A ProMED-mail post
                          <http://www.promedmail.org>
                          ProMED-mail is a program of the
                          International Society for Infectious Diseases
                          <http://www.isid.org>

                          Date: Tue 1 Jul 2008
                          From: Paul Holmes
                          <p.holmes@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk>


                          Re: 1. Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK: (Wales), RFI 20080614.1880
                          2. Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK (02): (Wales), avian influenza
                          not 20080619.1909
                          --------------------------------------------------------------------
                          The carcases of 8 mute swans (_Cygnus olor_) from Caernarfon, North
                          Wales, were examined at post mortem by the Veterinary Laboratories
                          Agency Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (VLA DoWS).

                          The swan carcases had signs of severe trauma, with skin, soft tissue
                          and bony damage, and haemorrhage. Radiography failed to reveal any
                          evidence of bullet fragments and the trauma was suspected to be due
                          to predator attack.

                          The VLA provides surveillance for wildlife diseases in all
                          terrestrial vertebrate species in England and Wales under the VLA
                          Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (VLA DoWS) which is funded by DEFRA.

                          Quarterly and annual reports from the VLADoWS can be found on the VLA Website:

                          1. <http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/science/sci_wildlife.htm> (Diseases
                          of Wildlife Scheme)

                          2. <http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/reports/rep_surv_wildlife.htm>
                          (Wildlife Disease Surveillance Reports)

                          3. <http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/reports/rep_wildlife.htm> (Wildlife
                          Disease Reports)

                          --
                          Paul Holmes
                          VLA Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (VLADoWS)
                          VLA Shrewsbury
                          Kendal Road, Harlescott, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY1 4HD,
                          Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), UK
                          <p.holmes@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk>

                          [In view of the above firsthand information indicating a non-disease
                          cause, for which we are very grateful to Dr. Holmes, this thread is
                          cut. - Mod.AS/JW]

                          [see also:
                          Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK (02): (Wales), avian influenza
                          not 20080619.1909
                          Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK: (Wales), RFI 20080614.1880]
                          ....................arn/ejp/jw

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                            Originally posted by niman View Post
                            UNDIAGNOSED DIE-OFF, SWAN - UK (03): (WALES), TRAUMA
                            ************************************************** **

                            The swan carcases had signs of severe trauma, with skin, soft tissue
                            and bony damage, and haemorrhage. Radiography failed to reveal any
                            evidence of bullet fragments and the trauma was suspected to be due
                            to predator attack.


                            --
                            Paul Holmes
                            VLA Diseases of Wildlife Scheme (VLADoWS)
                            VLA Shrewsbury
                            Kendal Road, Harlescott, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY1 4HD,
                            Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), UK
                            <p.holmes@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk>

                            [In view of the above firsthand information indicating a non-disease
                            cause, for which we are very grateful to Dr. Holmes, this thread is
                            cut. - Mod.AS/JW]

                            [see also:
                            Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK (02): (Wales), avian influenza
                            not 20080619.1909
                            Undiagnosed die-off, swan - UK: (Wales), RFI 20080614.1880]
                            ....................arn/ejp/jw
                            How many weeks did it take to come up with "predator attack"?

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Re: England : Swans tested for bird flu in Caernarfon

                              Given the advanced state of decay of the swans (their original advice on notification was "bag and toss 'em"), DEFRA simply grabbed for 'an acceptable' conclusion that wouldn't cause panic among the locals.

                              However, I wouldn't put it past miscreants on a killing spree (this problem has been reported recently, in Canada I believe)...except that the public reported that the swans weren't all found at once, and a swan was observed to be ill, which may not be consistent with malicious/predator attack.

                              Comment

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