tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vnitr Lek
. 2022 Fall;68(5):290-294.
doi: 10.36290/vnl.2022.062.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a life threatening manifestation of newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis following COVID-19 infection - a case report
Pavlína Kostelníková, Martina Skácelová, Martin Špíšek, Miroslav Šimíček, Pavel Horák
Abstract
A case report of a patient with newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) after undergoing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is discussed. GPA is one of the ANCA-associated vasculitis, which is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cytoplasmic enzymes neutrophils (Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmatic Antibodies). It is a vasculitis that mainly affects small blood vessels, leading to damage to the kidneys, lungs, and upper respiratory tract, including the paranasal sinuses and orbits. This disease can result in an acute life-threatening condition. Such complications include diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), a condition characterized by blood leakage from the pulmonary vessels into the alveoli, often leading to acute vital signs and even respiratory failure. DAH can have many causes - autoimmune diseases including vasculitides as well as non-immunological causes. Early and adequate comprehensive therapy including immunosuppressive treatment (cyclophosphamide/rituximab and glucocorticoids) can be life-saving.
Keywords: Cyclophosphamide; anti‑glomerular basement membrane (anti‑GBM) antibodies; cyclophosphamide; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; granulomatosis with polyangiitis; plasma-exchange; plasmapheresis.
. 2022 Fall;68(5):290-294.
doi: 10.36290/vnl.2022.062.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a life threatening manifestation of newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis following COVID-19 infection - a case report
Pavlína Kostelníková, Martina Skácelová, Martin Špíšek, Miroslav Šimíček, Pavel Horák
- PMID: 36283819
- DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2022.062
Abstract
A case report of a patient with newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) after undergoing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is discussed. GPA is one of the ANCA-associated vasculitis, which is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cytoplasmic enzymes neutrophils (Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmatic Antibodies). It is a vasculitis that mainly affects small blood vessels, leading to damage to the kidneys, lungs, and upper respiratory tract, including the paranasal sinuses and orbits. This disease can result in an acute life-threatening condition. Such complications include diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), a condition characterized by blood leakage from the pulmonary vessels into the alveoli, often leading to acute vital signs and even respiratory failure. DAH can have many causes - autoimmune diseases including vasculitides as well as non-immunological causes. Early and adequate comprehensive therapy including immunosuppressive treatment (cyclophosphamide/rituximab and glucocorticoids) can be life-saving.
Keywords: Cyclophosphamide; anti‑glomerular basement membrane (anti‑GBM) antibodies; cyclophosphamide; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; granulomatosis with polyangiitis; plasma-exchange; plasmapheresis.