tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccines (Basel)
. 2022 Dec 13;10(12):2132.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122132.
Dynamics of Antibody and T Cell Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and the Impact of Booster Vaccinations in Previously Infected and Infection-Naïve Individuals
Michel R Faas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Willem A Mak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hilde Y Markus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ellen M van der Zwan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marijke van der Vliet[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johannes G M Koeleman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], David S Y Ong[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Despite previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, SARS-CoV-2 still causes a substantial number of infections due to the waning of immunity and the emergence of new variants. Here, we assessed the SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit 1 (S1)-specific T cell responses, anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG serum concentrations, and the neutralizing activity of serum antibodies before and one, four, and seven months after the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster vaccination in a cohort of previously infected and infection-naïve healthcare workers (HCWs). Additionally, we assessed T cell responses against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants of concern (VOC). We found that S1-specific T cell responses, anti-RBD IgG concentrations, and neutralizing activity significantly increased one month after booster vaccination. Four months after booster vaccination, T cell and antibody responses significantly decreased but levels remained steady thereafter until seven months after booster vaccination. After a similar number of vaccinations, previously infected individuals had significantly higher S1-specific T cell, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing IgG responses than infection-naïve HCWs. Strikingly, we observed overall cross-reactive T cell responses against different SARS-CoV-2 VOC in both previously infected and infection-naïve HCWs. In summary, COVID-19 booster vaccinations induce strong T cell and neutralizing antibody responses and the presence of T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 VOC suggest that vaccine-induced T cell immunity offers cross-reactive protection against different VOC.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; antibody; immunity; vaccination; variants.
. 2022 Dec 13;10(12):2132.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122132.
Dynamics of Antibody and T Cell Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and the Impact of Booster Vaccinations in Previously Infected and Infection-Naïve Individuals
Michel R Faas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Willem A Mak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hilde Y Markus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ellen M van der Zwan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marijke van der Vliet[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johannes G M Koeleman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], David S Y Ong[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36560542
- DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122132
Abstract
Despite previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, SARS-CoV-2 still causes a substantial number of infections due to the waning of immunity and the emergence of new variants. Here, we assessed the SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit 1 (S1)-specific T cell responses, anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG serum concentrations, and the neutralizing activity of serum antibodies before and one, four, and seven months after the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster vaccination in a cohort of previously infected and infection-naïve healthcare workers (HCWs). Additionally, we assessed T cell responses against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants of concern (VOC). We found that S1-specific T cell responses, anti-RBD IgG concentrations, and neutralizing activity significantly increased one month after booster vaccination. Four months after booster vaccination, T cell and antibody responses significantly decreased but levels remained steady thereafter until seven months after booster vaccination. After a similar number of vaccinations, previously infected individuals had significantly higher S1-specific T cell, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing IgG responses than infection-naïve HCWs. Strikingly, we observed overall cross-reactive T cell responses against different SARS-CoV-2 VOC in both previously infected and infection-naïve HCWs. In summary, COVID-19 booster vaccinations induce strong T cell and neutralizing antibody responses and the presence of T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 VOC suggest that vaccine-induced T cell immunity offers cross-reactive protection against different VOC.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; antibody; immunity; vaccination; variants.