tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
. 2022 Oct 22;S0264-410X(22)01265-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.017. Online ahead of print.
Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination
Wisitsak Phoksawat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arnone Nithichanon[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hatairat Lerdsamran[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Atibordee Meesing[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chonlatip Pipattanaboon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sakawrat Kanthawong[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Sirinart Aromseree[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Umaporn Yordpratum[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Marut Laohaviroj[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Viraphong Lulitanond[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pilaipan Puthavathana[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ludthawun Kamuthachad[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Chatcharin Kamsom[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Chakrit Thapphan[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Kanin Salao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arunya Chonlapan[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Punnapat Nawawishkarun[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Jarunee Prasertsopon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hans J Overgaard[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Steven W Edwards[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Supranee Phanthanawiboon[SUP] 14 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health concern and several protective vaccines, or preventive/therapeutic approaches have been developed. Sinovac-CoronaVac, an inactivated whole virus vaccine, can protect against severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization, but less is known whether it elicits long-term T cell responses and provides prolonged protection.
Methods: This is a longitudinal surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels, neutralizing antibody levels (NAb), T cell subsets and activation, and memory B cells of 335 participants who received two doses of CoronaVac. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while NAb were measured against two strains of SARS-CoV-2, the Wuhan and Delta variants. Activated T cells and subsets were identified by flow cytometry. Memory B and T cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot).
Findings: Two doses of CoronaVac elicited serum anti-RBD antibody response, elevated B cells with NAb capacity and CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell-, but not CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell-responses. Among the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells, CoronaVac activated mainly Th2 (CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T) cells. Serum antibody levels significantly declined three months after the second dose.
Interpretation: CoronaVac mainly activated B cells but T cells, especially Th1 cells, were poorly activated. Activated T cells were mainly Th2 biased, demonstrating development of effector B cells but not long-lasting memory plasma cells. Taken together, these results suggest that protection with CoronaVac is short-lived and that a third booster dose of vaccine may improve protection.
Keywords: Antibody; COVID-19; CoranaVac; SARS-CoV-2; T cell subsets; Vaccine.
. 2022 Oct 22;S0264-410X(22)01265-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.017. Online ahead of print.
Phenotypic and functional changes of T cell subsets after CoronaVac vaccination
Wisitsak Phoksawat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arnone Nithichanon[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hatairat Lerdsamran[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Atibordee Meesing[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chonlatip Pipattanaboon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sakawrat Kanthawong[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Sirinart Aromseree[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Umaporn Yordpratum[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Marut Laohaviroj[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Viraphong Lulitanond[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pilaipan Puthavathana[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ludthawun Kamuthachad[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Chatcharin Kamsom[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Chakrit Thapphan[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Kanin Salao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arunya Chonlapan[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Punnapat Nawawishkarun[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Jarunee Prasertsopon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hans J Overgaard[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Steven W Edwards[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Supranee Phanthanawiboon[SUP] 14 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36283898
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.017
Abstract
Background: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health concern and several protective vaccines, or preventive/therapeutic approaches have been developed. Sinovac-CoronaVac, an inactivated whole virus vaccine, can protect against severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization, but less is known whether it elicits long-term T cell responses and provides prolonged protection.
Methods: This is a longitudinal surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels, neutralizing antibody levels (NAb), T cell subsets and activation, and memory B cells of 335 participants who received two doses of CoronaVac. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while NAb were measured against two strains of SARS-CoV-2, the Wuhan and Delta variants. Activated T cells and subsets were identified by flow cytometry. Memory B and T cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot).
Findings: Two doses of CoronaVac elicited serum anti-RBD antibody response, elevated B cells with NAb capacity and CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell-, but not CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell-responses. Among the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells, CoronaVac activated mainly Th2 (CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T) cells. Serum antibody levels significantly declined three months after the second dose.
Interpretation: CoronaVac mainly activated B cells but T cells, especially Th1 cells, were poorly activated. Activated T cells were mainly Th2 biased, demonstrating development of effector B cells but not long-lasting memory plasma cells. Taken together, these results suggest that protection with CoronaVac is short-lived and that a third booster dose of vaccine may improve protection.
Keywords: Antibody; COVID-19; CoranaVac; SARS-CoV-2; T cell subsets; Vaccine.