tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
. 2026 Jan 9:74:128192.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192. Online ahead of print. Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness-IVY network, January 24, 2022-September 1, 2024
Elizabeth J Harker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nathaniel M Lewis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Cassandra A Johnson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuwei Zhu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wesley H Self[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Natasha Halasa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James D Chappell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Basmah Safdar[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Manju Gaglani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Cristie Columbus[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jay Steingrub[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Nathan Shapiro[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Abhijit Duggal[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Lawrence Busse[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Laurynn Giles[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ithan Peltan[SUP] 12 [/SUP], David Hager[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Amira Mohamed[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Matthew Exline[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Akram Khan[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Grace Kyin-Ye Tam[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Nida Qadir[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Jarrod Mosier[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Adit Ginde[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Nicholas Mohr[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Christopher Mallow[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Aleda Leis[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Adam Lauring[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Estelle Harris[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Nicholas Johnson[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Kevin Gibbs[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Jennie Kwon[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Diya Surie[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Fatimah S Dawood[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Sascha Ellington[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
This analysis assessed differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severe in-hospital outcomes between U.S. male and female adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a multi-center network during 2022-2024. Compared with men, women hospitalized with influenza were less likely to smoke (21.5 % vs 25.3 %, P = 0.02), to have COPD (21.9 % vs 22.7 %, P < 0.001), and to be admitted to an intensive care unit once hospitalized (17.3 % vs 20.7 %, P = 0.04). Influenza VE (95 % confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with men aged ≥50 years (48.5 % [39.2 %-56.4 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %-37.5 %]). VE was slightly lower in women aged 18-49 years compared with women ≥50 years (46.2 % [95 % CI: 24.2 %-61.8 % vs 61.3 % [41.0 %-74.6 %]) but significantly lower in men aged ≥50 years compared with men aged 18-49 years (61.3 % [41.0 %-74.6 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %-37.5 %]). Disaggregation of sex should be considered in future influenza VE studies.
Keywords: Hospitalization; Immune response; Influenza; Sex differences; Vaccine effectiveness.
. 2026 Jan 9:74:128192.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192. Online ahead of print. Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness-IVY network, January 24, 2022-September 1, 2024
Elizabeth J Harker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nathaniel M Lewis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Cassandra A Johnson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuwei Zhu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wesley H Self[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Natasha Halasa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James D Chappell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Carlos G Grijalva[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Basmah Safdar[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Manju Gaglani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Cristie Columbus[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jay Steingrub[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Nathan Shapiro[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Abhijit Duggal[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Lawrence Busse[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Laurynn Giles[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ithan Peltan[SUP] 12 [/SUP], David Hager[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Amira Mohamed[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Matthew Exline[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Akram Khan[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Grace Kyin-Ye Tam[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Nida Qadir[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Jarrod Mosier[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Adit Ginde[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Nicholas Mohr[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Christopher Mallow[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Aleda Leis[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Adam Lauring[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Estelle Harris[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Nicholas Johnson[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Kevin Gibbs[SUP] 26 [/SUP], Jennie Kwon[SUP] 27 [/SUP], Diya Surie[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Fatimah S Dawood[SUP] 28 [/SUP], Sascha Ellington[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41518970
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192
This analysis assessed differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severe in-hospital outcomes between U.S. male and female adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a multi-center network during 2022-2024. Compared with men, women hospitalized with influenza were less likely to smoke (21.5 % vs 25.3 %, P = 0.02), to have COPD (21.9 % vs 22.7 %, P < 0.001), and to be admitted to an intensive care unit once hospitalized (17.3 % vs 20.7 %, P = 0.04). Influenza VE (95 % confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with men aged ≥50 years (48.5 % [39.2 %-56.4 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %-37.5 %]). VE was slightly lower in women aged 18-49 years compared with women ≥50 years (46.2 % [95 % CI: 24.2 %-61.8 % vs 61.3 % [41.0 %-74.6 %]) but significantly lower in men aged ≥50 years compared with men aged 18-49 years (61.3 % [41.0 %-74.6 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %-37.5 %]). Disaggregation of sex should be considered in future influenza VE studies.
Keywords: Hospitalization; Immune response; Influenza; Sex differences; Vaccine effectiveness.