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Undiagnosed fatal outbreak - Kenya, Burundi, Uganda ex Somalia

alert

Senior Moderator
This is a bad sign. We have an undiagnosed fatal outbreak that has now spread to four countries. There was suspicion of either a poisoning or leptospirosis, but this has been going on for over four weeks with no diagnosis. Yikes.

Note the red text. Leptospirosis is not contagious. Isolation would not be needed for a Leptospirosis outbreak or for a poisoning.

http://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/news/UPDF_soldiers_poisoned_in_Somalia_88893.shtml

UPDF soldiers ?poisoned? in Somalia
Risdel Kasasira & Andrew Bagala

Kampala

Eight Ugandan soldiers on the Somali peace-keeping mission were by press time still in intensive care at a Nairobi hospital battling a strange ailment suspected to be a result of poisoning.

The soldiers are feared to have been poisoned through water sources by the Islamist fundamentalists, Al Shabaab, who are opposed to the interim government in Somalia and the peace-keeping mission, sources told Daily Monitor.

But Maj. Barigye Ba-Hoku, the African Union Peace Keeping Mission spokesman, yesterday dismissed the poisoning claims. ?It?s not true because this ailment is general and it has affected the Somalis outside the camps. It?s not only the peacekeepers,? he said.

?[Kenyan and Amisom] doctors are studying the cause of the illness and they will soon come up with the report,? Maj. Ba-Hoku told Daily Monitor by telephone from Mogadishu.

The infected Ugandan peacekeepers are part of the over 50 who have contracted the ailment that has in the last three weeks hit the Burundian and Ugandan camps in Mogadishu. Al Shabaab early this month claimed they had poisoned Burundian peacekeepers.

Four of the Ugandan soldiers were evacuated from the Somali capital, Mogadishu, and flown to Nairobi on Tuesday for treatment at Nairobi International Hospital, sources who did not want to be named because of the sensitivity of the subject said.

The Ugandan and Burundian camps are about two kilometres apart, each with its water tanks. Last week, the Deputy Amisom Commander, Gen. Juvinele Niyoyunguriza, told a group of Ugandan journalists in Mogadishu that Burundian forces had been infected with a strange disease.
Gen. Niyonyunguriza said 50 soldiers had been admitted and four died at Nairobi International hospital.

Mr Gaffel Nkolokosa of African Union Mission for Somalia in Nairobi yesterday said 12 of the 50 were evacuated from Mogadishu three weeks ago and brought to Kenya for treatment after exhibiting symptoms similar to those of their colleagues who had been admitted. He, however, said they had recovered and returned to Burundi.

According to sources, the Ugandan soldiers had developed fever and skin rash, before developing body organs? failure.
Amisom Medical Officer James Kiyengo said on Friday that the strange ailment is a bacterial infection caused by rat?s urine. He identified the infection as leptospirosis.

?It is spread by a rat. A rat could have urinated in the water tank. We need to keep hygiene and keep rats off,? he said last week. He said the ailment causes fever and skin rash, but added that its spread can stopped through isolation of cases and giving them dexocycline injections.

Col. Kiyengo said they had received drugs from the Islamic Relief Association in the United States and Korean International Cooperation Agency for treatment of the force and the general Somali community.

Amisom, which comprises 4,300 Ugandan and Burundian soldiers, has come under intense attack from Al Shabaab, who consider the peacekeepers as an occupying force.

Twelve Ugandan peacekeepers have been killed since 2007.

Al Shabaab, a youthful group that has been terrorising Somalis since 2006, has now turned to using both psychological and combat war to scare Somalis from supporting Amisom and the Transitional Federal Government, which has been in place for barely seven months.
 
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Re: Undiagnosed fatal outbreak - Kenya, Burundi, Uganda ex Somalia

We now have 67+ cases with at least six deaths.

http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/689604

UPDF in Somalia hit by strange disease
Wednesday, 29th July, 2009 E-mail article Print article

By Vision Reporter

A strange disease has killed two Ugandan peace-keepers in Somalia and affected 17 others who were flown to a hospital in Nairobi yesterday, according to the UPDF.

“One died in Mogadishu on Tuesday evening while another one died on Wednesday morning in Nairobi,” said spokesperson Col. Felix Kulayigye.

“Another 17 are admitted at the intensive care unit of Nairobi Hospital.”

UPDF has dispatched a medical team to Mogadishu to establish the cause of the problem.

“The symptoms are chest pain, fever, headache, swelling of the lower limbs, rapid heart-beat and difficulties in breathing,” said Kulayigye.

“We have no confirmation yet on what disease they are suffering from.” By the end of last week, over 50 Burundians had been hit by the same mysterious disease, killing four.


Dr. Col. James Kiyengo, the force medical officer, on Friday said they suspected the disease to be leptospirosis.

“Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by exposure to water contaminated with the urine of infected animals,” Dr. Kiyengo explained.
“For example, a rat could have urinated in a water tanker and spread the disease.”

Al Shabaab, the Islamist insurgents fighting the Somali government and the peace-keepers, claimed responsibility, saying they had poisoned them.
But the claim was dismissed by medical officers of the African Union peace-keeping force, who said it was a bacterial infection as a result of poor hygiene and living conditions associated with the job.

According to the US Center for Disease Control, leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals.

In humans it causes a wide range of symptoms, such as high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting. It may include jaundice (yellow skin), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or a rash.

If not treated, the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver failure and respiratory distress.

In rare cases death occurs. Humans become infected through contact with water, food or soil containing urine from infected animals, such as dogs, or rats, according to the US Center for Disease Control.

This may happen by swallowing contaminated food or water, through skin contact, such as the eyes or nose, or contact with broken skin.

The disease is not known to be spread from person to person. The time between a person’s exposure to a contaminated source and becoming sick is about four weeks.

The illness lasts from a few days to three weeks. Without treatment, recovery may take several months. Leptospirosis is an occupational hazard for many people who work outdoors or with animals, such as farmers, veterinarians, fishermen or the military.

Dr. Kiyonga said the disease can be treated with antibiotics and prevented by boiling water and keeping out rats.
There are 4,300 AU peace-keepers in Somalia, of whom 2,700 are Ugandan.

The current Ugandan contingent will be replaced next month. Col. Nathan Mugisha is taking over from Gen. Francis Okello as force commander.
 
Re: Undiagnosed fatal outbreak - Kenya, Burundi, Uganda ex Somalia

Actually, the number of cases is likely in the hundreds, as Burundi has reported 50+ cases (four deaths), Uganda has reported at least 19 cases (two deaths), and there are an unknown number of cases and deaths in the Somali civilian population.

And even more cases. This may be contagious, as the cases do not have the same onset dates. People are continuing to take ill.

http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4435&Itemid=59

One UPDF soldier dead, 14 rushed to Nairobi
Latest News
Written by OUR REPORTER
Wednesday, 29 July 2009 14:15
One UPDF soldier has been reported dead and another 14 based in Somalia rushed to Nairobi hospital for medical attention following an attack by a strange illness. AMISON spokesman Maj Bahoku-Barigye confirmed that the soldiers from both Uganda and Burundi were transferred to Nairobi on Tuesday although he could not reveal the exact number nor could he divulge the numbers of those that have died so far. “It is confidential although we are concerned. Safety is a principle here,” he said on phone from Mogadishu. As a principle, the Army first informs the relatives of the dead before going public.

The Observer has learnt that three Burundians have succumbed to death whose cause is still baffling medics from Uganda, Burundi and Nairobi. “We cannot tell the cause of the illness for now. The doctors in Nairobi are investigating. The investigation is general,” Maj Barigye said, adding that those in Mogadishu had failed to get to the root cause of the illness. He however ruled out poisoning saying it could have affected everyone since “we call use the same things”.

“It is not selective,” he said.
Uganda and Burundi are the only African countries to have sent peacekeepers to the war ravaged Somalia. By press time, four other UPDF soldiers were reportedly being picked from the airport.
 
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