Mary Wilson
Well-known member
Science 10 Nov 2020:
eabe5901
DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5901
Bas B. Oude Munnink[SUP]1[/SUP],*, Reina S. Sikkema[SUP]1[/SUP], David F. Nieuwenhuijse[SUP]1[/SUP], Robert Jan Molenaar[SUP]2[/SUP], Emmanuelle Munger[SUP]1[/SUP], Richard Molenkamp[SUP]1[/SUP], Arco van der Spek[SUP]3[/SUP], Paulien Tolsma[SUP]4[/SUP], Ariene Rietveld[SUP]5[/SUP], Miranda Brouwer[SUP]5[/SUP], Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken[SUP]6[/SUP], Frank Harders[SUP]7[/SUP], Renate Hakze-van der Honing[SUP]7[/SUP], Marjolein C. A. Wegdam-Blans[SUP]8[/SUP], Ruth J. Bouwstra[SUP]2[/SUP], Corine GeurtsvanKessel[SUP]1[/SUP], Annemiek A. van der Eijk[SUP]1[/SUP], Francisca C. Velkers[SUP]9[/SUP], Lidwien A. M. Smit[SUP]10[/SUP], Arjan Stegeman[SUP]9[/SUP], Wim H. M. van der Poel[SUP]7, [/SUP]Marion P. G. Koopmans[SUP]1[/SUP]
Abstract
Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation using whole genome sequencing of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and the humans living or working on these farms. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has since evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. Despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, transmission occurred between mink farms in three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the tested mink farm residents, employees and/or contacts had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Where whole genomes were available, these persons were infected with strains with an animal sequence signature, providing evidence of animal to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within mink farms.
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/11/09/science.abe5901
eabe5901
DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5901
Bas B. Oude Munnink[SUP]1[/SUP],*, Reina S. Sikkema[SUP]1[/SUP], David F. Nieuwenhuijse[SUP]1[/SUP], Robert Jan Molenaar[SUP]2[/SUP], Emmanuelle Munger[SUP]1[/SUP], Richard Molenkamp[SUP]1[/SUP], Arco van der Spek[SUP]3[/SUP], Paulien Tolsma[SUP]4[/SUP], Ariene Rietveld[SUP]5[/SUP], Miranda Brouwer[SUP]5[/SUP], Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken[SUP]6[/SUP], Frank Harders[SUP]7[/SUP], Renate Hakze-van der Honing[SUP]7[/SUP], Marjolein C. A. Wegdam-Blans[SUP]8[/SUP], Ruth J. Bouwstra[SUP]2[/SUP], Corine GeurtsvanKessel[SUP]1[/SUP], Annemiek A. van der Eijk[SUP]1[/SUP], Francisca C. Velkers[SUP]9[/SUP], Lidwien A. M. Smit[SUP]10[/SUP], Arjan Stegeman[SUP]9[/SUP], Wim H. M. van der Poel[SUP]7, [/SUP]Marion P. G. Koopmans[SUP]1[/SUP]
Abstract
Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation using whole genome sequencing of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and the humans living or working on these farms. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has since evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. Despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, transmission occurred between mink farms in three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the tested mink farm residents, employees and/or contacts had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Where whole genomes were available, these persons were infected with strains with an animal sequence signature, providing evidence of animal to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within mink farms.
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/11/09/science.abe5901