tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Pathol. 2014 Oct 8. doi: 10.1002/path.4461. [Epub ahead of print]
The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system.
Riel DV1, Verdijk R, Kuiken T.
Author information
Abstract
The olfactory nerve consists mainly of olfactory receptor neurons and directly connects the nasal cavity with the central nervous system (CNS). Each olfactory receptor neuron projects a dendrite into the nasal cavity on the apical side, and on the basal side extends its axon through the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb of the brain. Viruses that can use the olfactory nerve as a shortcut into the CNS include influenza A virus, herpesviruses, poliovirus, paramyxoviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, adenoviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, La Crosse virus, mouse hepatitis virus, and bunyaviruses. However, mechanisms of transport via the olfactory nerve and subsequent spread through the CNS are poorly understood. Proposed mechanisms are either infection of olfactory receptor neurons themselves or diffusion through channels formed by olfactory ensheathing cells. Subsequent virus spread through the CNS could occur by multiple mechanisms, including transsynaptic transport and microfusion. Viral infection of the CNS can lead to damage from infection of nervous cells per se, from the immune response, or from a combination of both. Clinical consequences range from nervous dysfunction in the absence of histopathological changes to severe meningoencephalitis and neurodegenerative disease.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
CNS; H5N1; Olfactory nerve; cell-to-cell transmission; influenza; olfactory receptor neuron; virus
PMID:
25294743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294743
The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system.
Riel DV1, Verdijk R, Kuiken T.
Author information
Abstract
The olfactory nerve consists mainly of olfactory receptor neurons and directly connects the nasal cavity with the central nervous system (CNS). Each olfactory receptor neuron projects a dendrite into the nasal cavity on the apical side, and on the basal side extends its axon through the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb of the brain. Viruses that can use the olfactory nerve as a shortcut into the CNS include influenza A virus, herpesviruses, poliovirus, paramyxoviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, adenoviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, La Crosse virus, mouse hepatitis virus, and bunyaviruses. However, mechanisms of transport via the olfactory nerve and subsequent spread through the CNS are poorly understood. Proposed mechanisms are either infection of olfactory receptor neurons themselves or diffusion through channels formed by olfactory ensheathing cells. Subsequent virus spread through the CNS could occur by multiple mechanisms, including transsynaptic transport and microfusion. Viral infection of the CNS can lead to damage from infection of nervous cells per se, from the immune response, or from a combination of both. Clinical consequences range from nervous dysfunction in the absence of histopathological changes to severe meningoencephalitis and neurodegenerative disease.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
CNS; H5N1; Olfactory nerve; cell-to-cell transmission; influenza; olfactory receptor neuron; virus
PMID:
25294743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294743