Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Early Online Publication, 17 November 2013
doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9
Copyright ? 2013 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Antibiotic resistance?the need for global solutions
Original Text
Ramanan Laxminarayan PhD a b c, Adriano Duse MD d, Chand Wattal MD e, Anita K M Zaidi MD f, Heiman F L Wertheim MD g, Nithima Sumpradit PhD h, Erika Vlieghe MD i, Prof Gabriel Levy Hara MD j, Ian M Gould MBChB k, Herman Goossens PhD l, Christina Greko PhD m, Prof Anthony D So MD n, Maryam Bigdeli MPH o, Prof G?ran Tomson MD p, Will Woodhouse n, Eva Ombaka PhD q, Prof Arturo Quizhpe Peralta MD r, Farah Naz Qamar MBBS f, Fatima Mir PhD f, Sam Kariuki PhD s, Prof Zulfiqar A Bhutta PhD f, Prof Anthony Coates MD t, Richard Bergstrom MSc u, Gerard D Wright PhD v, Eric D Brown PhD v, Prof Otto Cars MD w
Summary
The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many efforts have been made to describe the many different facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to effective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.
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a Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA; b Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA; c Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; d University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; e Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India; f Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan; g Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Diseases, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; h Food and Drug Administration, International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; i Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; j Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina; k Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK; l Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; m Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden; n Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; o Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; p Departments of Learning, Informatics, Management, Ethics and Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; q School of Pharmacy, St John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania; r Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador; s Wellcome Trust Center, Kilifi, Kenya; t Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK; u European Association of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Brussels, Belgium; v Michael G DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; w ReAct, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Correspondence to: Prof Otto Cars, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden
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The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Early Online Publication, 17 November 2013
doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9
Copyright ? 2013 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Antibiotic resistance?the need for global solutions
Original Text
Ramanan Laxminarayan PhD a b c, Adriano Duse MD d, Chand Wattal MD e, Anita K M Zaidi MD f, Heiman F L Wertheim MD g, Nithima Sumpradit PhD h, Erika Vlieghe MD i, Prof Gabriel Levy Hara MD j, Ian M Gould MBChB k, Herman Goossens PhD l, Christina Greko PhD m, Prof Anthony D So MD n, Maryam Bigdeli MPH o, Prof G?ran Tomson MD p, Will Woodhouse n, Eva Ombaka PhD q, Prof Arturo Quizhpe Peralta MD r, Farah Naz Qamar MBBS f, Fatima Mir PhD f, Sam Kariuki PhD s, Prof Zulfiqar A Bhutta PhD f, Prof Anthony Coates MD t, Richard Bergstrom MSc u, Gerard D Wright PhD v, Eric D Brown PhD v, Prof Otto Cars MD w
Summary
The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many efforts have been made to describe the many different facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to effective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.
________
a Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA; b Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA; c Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; d University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; e Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India; f Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan; g Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Diseases, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; h Food and Drug Administration, International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; i Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; j Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina; k Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK; l Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; m Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden; n Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; o Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; p Departments of Learning, Informatics, Management, Ethics and Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; q School of Pharmacy, St John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania; r Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador; s Wellcome Trust Center, Kilifi, Kenya; t Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK; u European Association of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Brussels, Belgium; v Michael G DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; w ReAct, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Correspondence to: Prof Otto Cars, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden
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